{"id":1133191,"date":"2025-01-08T21:04:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T13:04:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1133191.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T21:04:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T13:04:12","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%bc%e5%85%a5%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1133191.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662fPython\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong> \u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\uff08\u5982sqlite3<\/code>\u3001SQLAlchemy<\/code>\uff09\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite3\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite3\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165sqlite3<\/code>\u5e93\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('''<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
    name TEXT NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
    age INTEGER NOT NULL<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
''')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528executemany<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
users = [<\/p>\n
    (1, 'Alice', 30),<\/p>\n
    (2, 'Bob', 24),<\/p>\n
    (3, 'Charlie', 28)<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
cursor.executemany('INSERT INTO users VALUES (?, ?, ?)', users)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5b58\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528fetchall<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
7. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Sequence<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db', echo=True)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, Sequence('user_id_seq'), primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String(50))<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
    def __repr__(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"<User(name={self.name}, age={self.age})>"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
user1 = User(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
user2 = User(name='Bob', age=24)<\/p>\n
user3 = User(name='Charlie', age=28)<\/p>\n
session.add_all([user1, user2, user3])<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
7. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
for user in session.query(User).all():<\/p>\n
    print(user)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
8. \u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5MySQL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5MySQL\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u5982mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='root',<\/p>\n
    password='password',<\/p>\n
    database='testdb'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('''<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
    age INT NOT NULL<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
''')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
users = [<\/p>\n
    ('Alice', 30),<\/p>\n
    ('Bob', 24),<\/p>\n
    ('Charlie', 28)<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
cursor.executemany('INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (%s, %s)', users)<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u548cSQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pandas sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5bfc\u5165\u5e93\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')<\/p>\n
df.to_sql('users', con=engine, if_exists='replace', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230DataFrame\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
df = pd.read_sql('users', con=engine)<\/p>\n
print(df)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Django ORM\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5Django<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install django<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efaDjango\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
django-admin startproject myproject<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/p>\n
django-admin startapp myapp<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728settings.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
DATABASES = {<\/p>\n
    'default': {<\/p>\n
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',<\/p>\n
        'NAME': BASE_DIR \/ 'db.sqlite3',<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728myapp\/models.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.db import models<\/p>\n
class User(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255)<\/p>\n
    age = models.IntegerField()<\/p>\n
    def __str__(self):<\/p>\n
        return self.name<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u8fc1\u79fb\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py makemigrations<\/p>\n
python manage.py migrate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6. \u63d2\u5165\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Django Shell\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py shell<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
from myapp.models import User<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
user1 = User(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
user1.save()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = User.objects.all()<\/p>\n
for user in users:<\/p>\n
    print(user)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662fPython\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5e93\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528SQLite3\u3001SQLAlchemy\u3001MySQL\u3001Pandas\u548cDjango ORM\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bfc\u5165\u5de5\u5177\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecSQLAlchemy\u3001Pandas\u548cDjango ORM\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0cPandas\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4f73\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u662fWeb\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651Django ORM\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
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