{"id":1132239,"date":"2025-01-08T20:55:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1132239.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:55:25","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:55:25","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e8%8e%b7%e5%be%97%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e9%9a%8f%e6%9c%ba%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1132239.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528random\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5229\u7528numpy\u5e93\u3001\u91c7\u7528secrets\u6a21\u5757\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u6709\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528random\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684random<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u6210\u6574\u6570\u3001\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u7b49\u3002random<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

random\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u6574\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528random.randint(a, b)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728a\u548cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62eca\u548cb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import random<\/p>\n
random_integer = random.randint(1, 10)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random integer between 1 and 10: {random_integer}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
random\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a0\u52301\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528random.random()<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a0\u52301\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
random_float = random.random()<\/p>\n
print(f"Random float between 0 and 1: {random_float}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
random\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528random.uniform(a, b)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728a\u548cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62eca\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ecb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
random_uniform_float = random.uniform(1.5, 5.5)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random float between 1.5 and 5.5: {random_uniform_float}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
random.choice(sequence)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7a7a\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
elements = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']<\/p>\n
random_element = random.choice(elements)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random element from the list: {random_element}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numpy<\/code>\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u7684random<\/code>\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
numpy\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528numpy.random.randint(low, high, size)<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
random_integers = np.random.randint(1, 10, size=5)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random integers between 1 and 10: {random_integers}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
numpy\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
numpy.random.rand(d0, d1, ..., dn)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u503c\u57280\u52301\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
random_floats = np.random.rand(3)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random floats between 0 and 1: {random_floats}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
numpy\u751f\u6210\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
numpy.random.randn(d0, d1, ..., dn)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u968f\u673a\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
normal_random_numbers = np.random.randn(3)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random numbers from a normal distribution: {normal_random_numbers}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528secrets\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
secrets<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e13\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u5f3a\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u662fPython 3.6\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
secrets\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
secrets.randbelow(n)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u57280\u5230n-1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import secrets<\/p>\n
secure_random_integer = secrets.randbelow(10)<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random integer between 0 and 9: {secure_random_integer}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
secrets\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u8282<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
secrets.token_bytes(nbytes)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bnbytes\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
secure_random_bytes = secrets.token_bytes(16)<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random bytes: {secure_random_bytes}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
secrets\u751f\u6210URL\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
secrets.token_urlSAFe<\/a>(nbytes)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
secure_random_urlsafe_string = secrets.token_urlsafe(16)<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random URL-safe string: {secure_random_urlsafe_string}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os.urandom<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
os.urandom(n)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bn\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u4e32\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u5b57\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
random_bytes = os.urandom(16)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random bytes: {random_bytes}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SystemRandom\u7c7b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
SystemRandom<\/code>\u7c7b\u662frandom<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6765\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
SystemRandom\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
from random import SystemRandom<\/p>\n
secure_random = SystemRandom()<\/p>\n
secure_random_integer = secure_random.randint(1, 10)<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random integer between 1 and 10: {secure_random_integer}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SystemRandom\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
secure_random_float = secure_random.random()<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random float between 0 and 1: {secure_random_float}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
SystemRandom\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
secure_random_element = secure_random.choice(elements)<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random element from the list: {secure_random_element}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u6570\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u654c\u4eba\u3001\u9053\u5177\u3001\u5730\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528random<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
enemy_position = (random.randint(0, 100), random.randint(0, 100))<\/p>\n
print(f"Random enemy position: {enemy_position}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u62bd\u6837\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5272\u7b49\u3002numpy<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])<\/p>\n
sample = np.random.choice(data, size=5, replace=False)<\/p>\n
print(f"Random sample from data: {sample}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u5168\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u6210\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u4ee4\u724c\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528secrets<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
secure_password = secrets.token_urlsafe(12)<\/p>\n
print(f"Secure random password: {secure_password}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002numpy<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u573a\u5408\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f30\u7b97<\/a>\u5706\u5468\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
num_samples = 10000<\/p>\n
inside_circle = 0<\/p>\n
for _ in range(num_samples):<\/p>\n
    x, y = np.random.rand(2)<\/p>\n
    if x<strong>2 + y<\/strong>2 <= 1:<\/p>\n
        inside_circle += 1<\/p>\n
pi_estimate = (inside_circle \/ num_samples) * 4<\/p>\n
print(f"Estimated value of Pi: {pi_estimate}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u662fPython\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684random<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684numpy<\/code>\u5e93\u3001\u4e13\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684secrets<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0cPython\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6574\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
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Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u82e5\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528random.uniform(a, b)<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u4e2da<\/code>\u548cb<\/code>\u662f\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u6570\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0crandom.uniform(1.0, 10.0)<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u57281.0\u523010.0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u95ed\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u62ec1.0\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec10.0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1f<\/strong>
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