{"id":1129498,"date":"2025-01-08T20:30:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1129498.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:30:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:30:06","slug":"python%e7%94%bb%e5%9b%be%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%ae%a9x%e8%bd%b4%e6%a0%87%e7%ad%be%e5%90%8d%e7%a7%b0%e5%80%be%e6%96%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1129498.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u753b\u56fe\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u79f0\u503e\u659c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u753b\u56fe\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u79f0\u503e\u659c\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8ba9x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u79f0\u503e\u659c\u3002<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528xticks<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6erotation<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503e\u659c\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528rotation<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b9e\u73b0x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Matplotlib\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

Matplotlib\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7ed8\u56fe\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u7ed8\u56fe\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u5982\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\u3001\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\u3001\u997c\u56fe\u3001\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4e0eNumPy\u3001Pandas\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5e93\u96c6\u6210\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u662f\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5bfc\u5165Matplotlib<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install matplotlib<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u5bfc\u5165Matplotlib\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7ed8\u56fe<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Matplotlib\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed8\u56fe\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.plot(x, y)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u503e\u659c<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u4e2d\u7684xticks<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002xticks<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u523b\u5ea6\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7rotation<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503e\u659c\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528xticks\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528xticks<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u503e\u659cx\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.plot(x, y)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.xticks(x, labels=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'], rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cxticks<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7684rotation<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a45\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u6709x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u5c06\u4ee545\u5ea6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u503e\u659c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u503e\u659c\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528fontsize<\/code>\u548cha<\/code>\uff08\u6c34\u5e73\u5bf9\u9f50\uff09\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u6574\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.plot(x, y)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.xticks(x, labels=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'], rotation=45, fontsize=12, ha='right')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cfontsize<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a12\uff0cha<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a'right'<\/code>\uff0c\u6807\u7b7e\u5c06\u53f3\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u7b7e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u7684x\u8f74\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u6807\u7b7e\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528rotation<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u6807\u7b7e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6b65\u957f\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = range(1, 21)<\/p>\n
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16, 14, 12, 11, 19, 17, 15, 14, 13, 18, 16, 14, 12, 11, 19, 17]<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.plot(x, y)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6b65\u957f\u4e3a2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.xticks(x[::2], rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cx\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u671f\u6216\u8d27\u5e01\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528FuncFormatter<\/code>\u6765\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u7b7e\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = range(1, 6)<\/p>\n
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6807\u7b7e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def format_func(value, tick_number):<\/p>\n
    return f'Day {int(value)}'<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.plot(x, y)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(FuncFormatter(format_func))<\/p>\n
plt.xticks(rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cx\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u88ab\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a"Day 1", "Day 2", \u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Subplots<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528subplots<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503e\u659c\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = range(1, 6)<\/p>\n
y1 = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]<\/p>\n
y2 = [8, 13, 11, 16, 14]<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2)<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
axs[0].plot(x, y1)<\/p>\n
axs[0].set_xticks(x)<\/p>\n
axs[0].set_xticklabels(['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'], rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5b50\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
axs[1].plot(x, y2)<\/p>\n
axs[1].set_xticks(x)<\/p>\n
axs[1].set_xticklabels(['V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'], rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u597d\u56fe\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528savefig<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u56fe\u8868\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
y = [10, 15, 13, 18, 16]<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u6298\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.plot(x, y)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.xticks(x, labels=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'], rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.savefig('plot.png')<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u8868\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aplot.png<\/code>\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Matplotlib\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed8\u56fe\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSeaborn\u5e93\u5728Matplotlib\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7ed8\u5236\u7edf\u8ba1\u56fe\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import seaborn as sns<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = sns.load_dataset('tips')<\/p>\n
\u7ed8\u5236\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sns.boxplot(x='day', y='total_bill', data=data)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u503e\u659c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.xticks(rotation=45)<\/p>\n
\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cSeaborn\u5e93\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u4e00\u4e2a\u7bb1\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7Matplotlib\u8bbe\u7f6ex\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u503e\u659c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u8ba9x\u8f74\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u79f0\u503e\u659c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528rotation<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u5982\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u56fe\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u8868\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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