{"id":1126510,"date":"2025-01-08T20:01:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:01:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1126510.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:01:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:01:59","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1126510.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25090814\/ef9ed3d5-4fad-4593-9289-3fca82ec740f.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecos\u6a21\u5757\u3001os.path\u6a21\u5757\u548cglob\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>os\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<strong>os.path\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c<strong>glob\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>os\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7os\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>def list_subdirectories(directory):<\/p>\n<p>    subdirs = []<\/p>\n<p>    for item in os.listdir(directory):<\/p>\n<p>        if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(directory, item)):<\/p>\n<p>            subdirs.append(item)<\/p>\n<p>    return subdirs<\/p>\n<p>directory_path = &#39;\/path\/to\/your\/directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>subdirectories = list_subdirectories(directory_path)<\/p>\n<p>print(subdirectories)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. os.listdir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.listdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408os.path.isdir()\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. os.path.isdir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path.isdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u7ed3\u5408os.listdir()\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u904d\u5386\u5e76\u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>def list_subdirectories(directory):<\/p>\n<p>    subdirs = [item for item in os.listdir(directory) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(directory, item))]<\/p>\n<p>    return subdirs<\/p>\n<p>directory_path = &#39;\/path\/to\/your\/directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>subdirectories = list_subdirectories(directory_path)<\/p>\n<p>print(subdirectories)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u7b5b\u9009\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os.path\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>os.path\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>def list_subdirectories(directory):<\/p>\n<p>    subdirs = []<\/p>\n<p>    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):<\/p>\n<p>        for dir_name in dirs:<\/p>\n<p>            subdirs.append(os.path.join(root, dir_name))<\/p>\n<p>        break  # \u4ec5\u904d\u5386\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<p>    return subdirs<\/p>\n<p>directory_path = &#39;\/path\/to\/your\/directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>subdirectories = list_subdirectories(directory_path)<\/p>\n<p>print(subdirectories)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. os.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u3002\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4(root, dirs, files)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2droot\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\uff0cdirs\u662f\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5217\u8868\uff0cfiles\u662f\u8be5\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528break\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u904d\u5386\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528glob\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>glob\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6765\u5339\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import glob<\/p>\n<p>import os<\/p>\n<p>def list_subdirectories(directory):<\/p>\n<p>    subdirs = [name for name in glob.glob(os.path.join(directory, &#39;*\/&#39;)) if os.path.isdir(name)]<\/p>\n<p>    return subdirs<\/p>\n<p>directory_path = &#39;\/path\/to\/your\/directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>subdirectories = list_subdirectories(directory_path)<\/p>\n<p>print(subdirectories)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. glob.glob()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>glob.glob()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u540d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408os.path.join()\u548c\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. os.path.isdir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408os.path.isdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5339\u914d\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u800c\u975e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>def list_all_subdirectories(directory):<\/p>\n<p>    subdirs = []<\/p>\n<p>    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):<\/p>\n<p>        for dir_name in dirs:<\/p>\n<p>            subdirs.append(os.path.join(root, dir_name))<\/p>\n<p>    return subdirs<\/p>\n<p>directory_path = &#39;\/path\/to\/your\/directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>subdirectories = list_all_subdirectories(directory_path)<\/p>\n<p>print(subdirectories)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1. \u904d\u5386\u6df1\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u904d\u5386\u6df1\u5ea6\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cos.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u63a7\u5236\u904d\u5386\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u5e94\u52a0\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>def list_subdirectories(directory):<\/p>\n<p>    subdirs = []<\/p>\n<p>    try:<\/p>\n<p>        for item in os.listdir(directory):<\/p>\n<p>            if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(directory, item)):<\/p>\n<p>                subdirs.append(item)<\/p>\n<p>    except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n<p>        print(f&quot;The directory {directory} does not exist.&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>    except PermissionError:<\/p>\n<p>        print(f&quot;Permission denied to access {directory}.&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>    return subdirs<\/p>\n<p>directory_path = &#39;\/path\/to\/your\/directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>subdirectories = list_subdirectories(directory_path)<\/p>\n<p>print(subdirectories)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001os.path\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u662fglob\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684<code>os.listdir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7<code>os.path.isdir()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os\n\ndef list_subdirectories(directory):\n    return [d for d in os.listdir(directory) if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(directory, d))]\n\nsubdirs = list_subdirectories(&#39;\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u8def\u5f84&#39;)\nprint(subdirs)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u548c<code>glob<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<code>glob<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u6765\u5339\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import glob\n\nfiles = glob.glob(&#39;\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u8def\u5f84\/*.txt&#39;)  # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709txt\u6587\u4ef6\nprint(files)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4ee5<code>.txt<\/code>\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">for file in files:\n    with open(file, &#39;r&#39;) as f:\n        content = f.read()\n        print(content)  # \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u5904\u7406\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u4e2a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ecos\u6a21\u5757\u3001os.path\u6a21\u5757\u548cglob\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cos [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1126525,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126510"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1126510"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1126528,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126510\/revisions\/1126528"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1126525"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1126510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1126510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1126510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}