{"id":1126426,"date":"2025-01-08T20:01:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1126426.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:01:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:01:08","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1126426.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8868\"<\/p>\n

Python \u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e09\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u3001\u5229\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u521b\u5efaDataFrame\u5e76\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u4e0eSQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002SQLAlchemy\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aSQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\u548cSQLite<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u548cSQLite\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install sqlalchemy sqlite<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002SQLAlchemy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaSQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db', echo=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
create_engine<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3aexample.db<\/code>\u3002echo=True<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u8868\u793a\u8f93\u51faSQLAlchemy\u751f\u6210\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684ORM\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49Python\u7c7b\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7840\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
    def __repr__(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"<User(name='{self.name}', age='{self.age}')>"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aUser<\/code>\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u7ee7\u627f\u81eaBase<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002__tablename__<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u540d\u4e3ausers<\/code>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5217\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Column<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5217\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u597d\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Base.metadata.create_all<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u524d\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u521b\u5efaDataFrame\u5e76\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5229\u7528Pandas\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Pandas\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u521b\u5efaDataFrame<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662fDataFrame\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u8868\u683c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efaDataFrame\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u5217\u8868\u3001CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u521b\u5efa\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u5b57\u5178\u521b\u5efaDataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {<\/p>\n
    'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],<\/p>\n
    'Age': [25, 30, 35],<\/p>\n
    'City': ['New York', 'San Francisco', 'Los Angeles']<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
df = pd.DataFrame(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u597dDataFrame\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
df.to_csv('output.csv', index=False)<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3aExcel\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df.to_excel('output.xlsx', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u539f\u751fSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u539f\u751f\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SQLite\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5SQLite\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlite3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('''<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE users (<\/p>\n
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
    name TEXT,<\/p>\n
    age INTEGER<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
''')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f97\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u3001Pandas\u5e93\u3001\u6216\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u539f\u751fSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1aSQLAlchemy\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684ORM\u9700\u6c42\uff0cPandas\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Pandas\u3001SQLite\u548cSQLAlchemy\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7DataFrame<\/code>\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u6216Excel\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u8868\u3002SQLAlchemy\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u6765\u6620\u5c04\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528pd.DataFrame()<\/code>\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u683c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u5165\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5176\u4ed6DataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u586b\u5145\u6570\u636e\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528to_csv()<\/code>\u6216to_excel()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8868\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff1f<\/strong>
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