{"id":1123122,"date":"2025-01-08T19:29:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1123122.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T19:29:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:29:13","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%92%8c%e4%bf%9d%e5%ad%98%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1123122.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25084718\/4295d7f6-a810-4eaa-9af2-79e25f1aafaf.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u4f7f\u7528shutil\u6a21\u5757\u590d\u5236\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>1.1 \u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.mkdir()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1<code>FileExistsError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a&#39;example_dir&#39;\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>os.mkdir(&#39;example_dir&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>1.2 \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.makedirs()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u76ee\u5f55\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>os.makedirs(&#39;parent_dir\/child_dir\/grandchild_dir&#39;, exist_ok=True)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528shutil\u6a21\u5757\u590d\u5236\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>shutil<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>2.1 \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>shutil.copyfile()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shutil<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.copyfile(&#39;source_file.py&#39;, &#39;destination_dir\/destination_file.py&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>2.2 \u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>shutil.move()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shutil<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.move(&#39;source_file.py&#39;, &#39;destination_dir\/destination_file.py&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>pathlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython 3.4\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>3.1 \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>pathlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>Path.mkdir()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPath\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>path = Path(&#39;example_dir&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>3.2 \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>Path.cwd()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>current_dir = Path.cwd()<\/p>\n<p>print(current_dir)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>4.1 \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;example_dir\/example_file.py&#39;, &#39;w&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>    file.write(&#39;# This is an example Python file\\n&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>4.2 \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;example_dir\/example_file.py&#39;, &#39;r&#39;) as file:<\/p>\n<p>    content = file.read()<\/p>\n<p>    print(content)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56db\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c<strong>\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u4f7f\u7528shutil\u6a21\u5757\u590d\u5236\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u662fPython\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5404\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u7684\u573a\u666f\u548c\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5148\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u6216<code>pathlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528<code>shutil<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u590d\u5236\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884cPython\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.mkdir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u800c<code>os.makedirs()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\nos.mkdir(&#39;new_folder&#39;)\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c42\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\nos.makedirs(&#39;parent_folder\/child_folder&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e<code>open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">code = &quot;&quot;&quot;print(&quot;Hello, World!&quot;)&quot;&quot;&quot;\n\nwith open(&#39;my_script.py&#39;, &#39;w&#39;) as file:\n    file.write(code)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a<code>my_script.py<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u6bb5Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.path.exists()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">folder_name = &#39;new_folder&#39;\n\nif not os.path.exists(folder_name):\n    os.mkdir(folder_name)\nelse:\n    print(f&quot;{folder_name} \u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u3002&quot;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939 \u4f7f\u7528Python\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1123128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123122"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1123122"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1123129,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1123122\/revisions\/1123129"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1123128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1123122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1123122"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1123122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}