{"id":1121300,"date":"2025-01-08T19:07:46","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1121300.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T19:07:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T11:07:48","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%94%e5%9b%9e%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e5%80%bc%e7%9a%84%e5%b1%9e%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1121300.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570getattr()\u3001\u901a\u8fc7__dict__\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 person.name<\/code> \u548c person.age<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de Person<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684 name<\/code> \u548c age<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570getattr()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570 getattr()<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u63a5\u53d7\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\uff08\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u503c\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
name = getattr(person, 'name', 'Unknown')  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
age = getattr(person, 'age', 'Unknown')    # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
height = getattr(person, 'height', 'Unknown')  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aUnknown<\/p>\n
print(name, age, height)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 getattr()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7__dict__\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee __dict__<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
attributes = person.__dict__<\/p>\n
print(attributes)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}<\/p>\n
print(attributes['name'])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
print(attributes['age'])   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee person.__dict__<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6 Person<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08@property\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668 @property<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u5668\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 @property<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u6210\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self._name = name<\/p>\n
        self._age = age<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def name(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._name<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def age(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._age<\/p>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 @property<\/code> \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684 name<\/code> \u548c age<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee Person<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u7075\u6d3b\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self._name = name<\/p>\n
        self._age = age<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def name(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._name<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def age(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._age<\/p>\n
    def get_attribute(self, attr_name):<\/p>\n
        return getattr(self, attr_name, None)<\/p>\n
person = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
print(person.get_attribute('name'))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
print(person.get_attribute('age'))   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
print(person.get_attribute('height'))  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aNone<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5 get_attribute()<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408 @property<\/code> \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86Python\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5c5e\u6027\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570getattr()\u3001\u901a\u8fc7__dict__\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff08@property\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8bobj<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7obj.attribute_name<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5c5e\u6027\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5f53\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0cPython\u5c06\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2aAttributeError<\/code>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528hasattr()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982hasattr(obj, 'attribute_name')<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\u6216False<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8c03\u7528dir(obj)<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86getattr()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3agetattr(obj, 'attribute_name', default_value)<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c5e\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fd4\u56dedefault_value<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u672a\u77e5\u6216\u53ef\u53d8\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff08\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1121305,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1121300"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1121300"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1121300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1121307,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1121300\/revisions\/1121307"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1121305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1121300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1121300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1121300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}