{"id":1116254,"date":"2025-01-08T18:14:46","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T10:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1116254.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T18:14:48","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T10:14:48","slug":"python3%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%93%e5%8c%85%e6%88%90%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1116254.html","title":{"rendered":"Python3\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python3\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\"<\/p>\n

Python3\u6253\u5305\u6210\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u3001\u4f7f\u7528cx_Freeze\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002PyInstaller\u3001cx_Freeze\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

PyInstaller \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Python \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5305\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301 Windows\u3001macOS \u548c Linux \u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5PyInstaller<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install pyinstaller<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 pyinstaller<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u6253\u5305Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7684Python\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a hello.py<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print("Hello, World!")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u6253\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u5305\u542b hello.py<\/code> \u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile hello.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002--onefile<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u6253\u5305\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u6253\u5305\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5305\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0cPyInstaller \u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a dist<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728 dist<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u627e\u5230 hello<\/code> \u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
.\/dist\/hello<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u770b\u5230 Hello, World!<\/code> \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6253\u5305\u9009\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
PyInstaller \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u914d\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u5165\u53e3\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6253\u5305\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 --distpath<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile --distpath .\/output my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u6807<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 --icon<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile --icon=my_icon.ico my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u9690\u85cf\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eGUI\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 --noconsole<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u9690\u85cf\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile --noconsole my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6253\u5305\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cPyInstaller \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u5305\u542b\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u6216\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5305\u542b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 --hidden-import<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile --hidden-import=some_module my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 --add-data<\/code> \u9009\u9879\u6dfb\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyinstaller --onefile --add-data="data_file.txt;." my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6253\u5305Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 venv<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a venv<\/code> \u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m venv venv<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    venv\\Scripts\\activate<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u5728macOS\u548cLinux\u4e0a\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      source venv\/bin\/activate<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728 requirements.txt<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e03\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u6253\u5305\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      my_project\/<\/p>\n
      \u251c\u2500\u2500 my_script.py<\/p>\n
      \u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt<\/p>\n
      \u251c\u2500\u2500 data\/<\/p>\n
      \u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 data_file.txt<\/p>\n
      \u2514\u2500\u2500 venv\/<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      2\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728 my_script.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u7f16\u5199Python\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import os<\/p>\n
      with open(os.path.join('data', 'data_file.txt'), 'r') as f:<\/p>\n
          content = f.read()<\/p>\n
      print(content)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      3\u3001\u5217\u51fa\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728 requirements.txt<\/code> \u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      # \u793a\u4f8b\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879<\/p>\n
      requests==2.25.1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      4\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5e76\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      python -m venv venv<\/p>\n
      source venv\/bin\/activate  # \u5728Windows\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 `venv\\Scripts\\activate`<\/p>\n
      pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u6253\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528PyInstaller\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pyinstaller --onefile --add-data="data\/data_file.txt;data" my_script.py<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u5728 dist<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6253\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u516b\u3001cx_Freeze<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u9664\u4e86PyInstaller\u4e4b\u5916\uff0ccx_Freeze\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python\u6253\u5305\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6253\u5305\u6210\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5cx_Freeze<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5cx_Freeze\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install cx_Freeze<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      2\u3001\u521b\u5efasetup\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a setup.py<\/code> \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable<\/p>\n
      setup(<\/p>\n
          name="my_script",<\/p>\n
          version="1.0",<\/p>\n
          description="My Python Application",<\/p>\n
          executables=[Executable("my_script.py")]<\/p>\n
      )<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      3\u3001\u8fd0\u884csetup\u811a\u672c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528cx_Freeze\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      python setup.py build<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u751f\u6210\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u5728 build<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u5e76\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6253\u5305\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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