{"id":1105866,"date":"2025-01-08T16:35:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1105866.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T16:35:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T08:35:02","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%8f%96%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1105866.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u548crequests\u7ed3\u5408\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pyppeteer\u3001\u901a\u8fc7API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Selenium<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1aSelenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5Web\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002Selenium\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u5982Chrome\u3001Firefox\u3001Safari\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7WebDriver\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Selenium\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install selenium<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e0b\u8f7dChromeDriver\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceChromeDriver\u5b98\u7f51<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7248\u672c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u7f16\u5199\u57fa\u672c\u7684Selenium\u811a\u672c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Selenium\u811a\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u6807\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
      \u521d\u59cb\u5316Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
      \u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      driver.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
      \u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6807\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      title = driver.title<\/p>\n
      print(title)<\/p>\n
      \u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      driver.quit()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001Selenium\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u5f88\u591a\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u9875\u9762\uff09\u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u3002Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u8f7d\u66f4\u591a\u6309\u94ae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
        from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chAI<\/a>ns import ActionChains<\/p>\n
        from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys<\/p>\n
        \u627e\u5230\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        load_more_button = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '\/\/*[@id="load-more-button"]')<\/p>\n
        load_more_button.click()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u7b49\u5f85\u7f51\u9875\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85\uff08explicit wait\uff09\u6765\u7b49\u5f85\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
          from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait<\/p>\n
          from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC<\/p>\n
          \u7b49\u5f85\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(<\/p>\n
              EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'data-element'))<\/p>\n
          )<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u4e00\u65e6\u7f51\u9875\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684find_element\u6216find_elements\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            # \u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
            data_elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'data-class')<\/p>\n
            for element in data_elements:<\/p>\n
                print(element.text)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u6709\u5206\u9875\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7ffb\u9875\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9010\u9875\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              while True:<\/p>\n
                  # \u63d0\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                  data_elements = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'data-class')<\/p>\n
                  for element in data_elements:<\/p>\n
                      print(element.text)<\/p>\n
                  # \u627e\u5230\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875\u6309\u94ae<\/p>\n
                  try:<\/p>\n
                      next_button = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '\/\/*[@id="next-page-button"]')<\/p>\n
                      next_button.click()<\/p>\n
                  except:<\/p>\n
                      break<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4e09\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u548crequests\u7ed3\u5408<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import requests<\/p>\n
                from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
                \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
                html_content = response.content<\/p>\n
                \u89e3\u6790HTML<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
                data_elements = soup.find_all(class_='data-class')<\/p>\n
                for element in data_elements:<\/p>\n
                    print(element.text)<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u4f7f\u7528Scrapy<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u722c\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff08middlewares\uff09\u6216\u4e0eSelenium\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  import scrapy<\/p>\n
                  class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
                      name = 'my_spider'<\/p>\n
                      start_urls = ['https:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
                      def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
                          data_elements = response.css('.data-class')<\/p>\n
                          for element in data_elements:<\/p>\n
                              yield {'data': element.css('::text').get()}<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u4f7f\u7528Pyppeteer<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    Pyppeteer\u662fPuppeteer\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u65e0\u5934\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    import asyncio<\/p>\n
                    from pyppeteer import launch<\/p>\n
                    async def main():<\/p>\n
                        browser = await launch()<\/p>\n
                        page = await browser.newPage()<\/p>\n
                        await page.goto('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
                        data_elements = await page.querySelectorAll('.data-class')<\/p>\n
                        for element in data_elements:<\/p>\n
                            text = await page.evaluate('(element) => element.textContent', element)<\/p>\n
                            print(text)<\/p>\n
                        await browser.close()<\/p>\n
                    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(main())<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u901a\u8fc7API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230API\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      import requests<\/p>\n
                      \u53d1\u9001API\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                      response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
                      data = response.json()<\/p>\n
                      for item in data:<\/p>\n
                          print(item)<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001IP\u5c01\u7981\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        headers = {<\/p>\n
                            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/85.0.4183.121 Safari\/537.36'<\/p>\n
                        }<\/p>\n
                        response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u5c01\u7981IP\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          proxies = {<\/p>\n
                              'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128',<\/p>\n
                              'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080',<\/p>\n
                          }<\/p>\n
                          response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
                          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528time.sleep()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            import time<\/p>\n
                            for url in urls:<\/p>\n
                                response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
                                time.sleep(2)  # \u7b49\u5f852\u79d2<\/p>\n
                            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            1. \u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6253\u7801\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u624b\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              Python\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Selenium<\/strong>\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u548crequests\u7ed3\u5408\u3001Scrapy\u3001Pyppeteer\u3001\u901a\u8fc7API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                               \u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
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