{"id":1102292,"date":"2025-01-08T15:58:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:58:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1102292.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T15:58:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T07:58:29","slug":"python%e8%af%bb%e5%86%99%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1102292.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\u662f\u6307\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5148\u88ab\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f85\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u6216\u8005\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f13\u51b2\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

with open('example.txt', 'w', buffering=8192) as f:<\/p>\n
    for i in range(100000):<\/p>\n
        f.write(f'{i}\\n')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a8192\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u53738KB\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u5148\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f85\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6ee1\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5173\u95ed\u65f6\u518d\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'rb'\u3001'wb'\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'r'\u3001'w'\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.bin', 'wb') as f:<\/p>\n
    f.write(b'\\x00\\x01\\x02\\x03\\x04')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'w') as f:<\/p>\n
    data = '\\n'.join(str(i) for i in range(100000))<\/p>\n
    f.write(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5757\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u4e00\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as f:<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        lines = f.readlines(1024)<\/p>\n
        if not lines:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
        # \u5904\u7406\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u884c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982pandas\u3001numpy\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cpandas\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.read_csv('example.csv')<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df['new_column'] = df['existing_column'] * 2<\/p>\n
\u5199\u5165CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df.to_csv('example_modified.csv', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u8bfb\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002Python\u7684threading<\/code>\u548cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u5408I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9002\u5408CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from threading import Thread<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def write_data(filename, data):<\/p>\n
    with open(filename, 'w') as f:<\/p>\n
        f.write(data)<\/p>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(4):<\/p>\n
    t = Thread(target=write_data, args=(f'example_{i}.txt', 'data' * 10000))<\/p>\n
    threads.append(t)<\/p>\n
    t.start()<\/p>\n
for t in threads:<\/p>\n
    t.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\uff08Memory-mapped file\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u4e00\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u6548\u7387\u3002Python\u7684mmap<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mmap<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r+b') as f:<\/p>\n
    mm = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0)<\/p>\n
    # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    data = mm[:100]<\/p>\n
    # \u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    mm[0:5] = b'Hello'<\/p>\n
    mm.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65IO<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65IO\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002Python\u7684asyncio<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65IO\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
import AI<\/a>ofiles<\/p>\n
async def write_data(filename, data):<\/p>\n
    async with aiofiles.open(filename, 'w') as f:<\/p>\n
        await f.write(data)<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    tasks = [write_data(f'example_{i}.txt', 'data' * 10000) for i in range(4)]<\/p>\n
    await asyncio.gather(*tasks)<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5206\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff08generator\uff09\u6765\u9010\u6b65\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def read_large_file(file_path):<\/p>\n
    with open(file_path) as f:<\/p>\n
        while True:<\/p>\n
            data = f.read(1024)<\/p>\n
            if not data:<\/p>\n
                break<\/p>\n
            yield data<\/p>\n
for chunk in read_large_file('example.txt'):<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u548cjoin<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data_list = [str(i) for i in range(100000)]<\/p>\n
data = '\\n'.join(data_list)<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'w') as f:<\/p>\n
    f.write(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bfb\u5199\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684functools.lru_cache<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from functools import lru_cache<\/p>\n
@lru_cache(maxsize=128)<\/p>\n
def read_file(file_path):<\/p>\n
    with open(file_path, 'r') as f:<\/p>\n
        return f.read()<\/p>\n
data = read_file('example.txt')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u6e05\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6574\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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