{"id":1089280,"date":"2025-01-08T13:52:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:52:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1089280.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:52:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:52:12","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%a4%9a%e6%ac%a1%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1089280.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u3001pandas\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5982sqlite3\u3001psycopg2\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001MySQL\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86SQLAlchemy\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Sequence<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db', echo=True)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, Sequence('user_id_seq'), primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String(50))<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u591a\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
new_users = [<\/p>\n
    User(name='Alice', age=25),<\/p>\n
    User(name='Bob', age=30),<\/p>\n
    User(name='Charlie', age=35)<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u5230\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for user in new_users:<\/p>\n
    session.add(user)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u63d2\u5165\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
for user in session.query(User).all():<\/p>\n
    print(f'ID: {user.id}, Name: {user.name}, Age: {user.age}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pandas\u5e93\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002pandas\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4e0eSQLAlchemy\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5pandas<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86pandas\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528pandas\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528pandas DataFrame\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {<\/p>\n
    'name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],<\/p>\n
    'age': [25, 30, 35]<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaDataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.DataFrame(data)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df.to_sql('users', con=engine, if_exists='append', index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86ORM\u548cpandas\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982sqlite3\u3001psycopg2\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528sqlite3\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86sqlite3\u5e93\uff08Python\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (<\/p>\n
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
    name TEXT,<\/p>\n
    age INTEGER<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
''')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = [('Alice', 25), ('Bob', 30), ('Charlie', 35)]<\/p>\n
cursor.executemany('INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)', users)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
for row in cursor.fetchall():<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u63d2\u5165\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u7684executemany<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7d22\u5f15<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5217\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63d2\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6743\u8861\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u7981\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\u4e34\u65f6\u7981\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u63d2\u5165\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5728Python\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u3001pandas\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316\u7b49\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u63d2\u5165\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u60a8\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u6216while<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u63d2\u5165\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u63d2\u5165\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982executemany()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528commit()<\/code>\u548crollback()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u65f6\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u3001pandas […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1089286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1089280"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1089287,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089280\/revisions\/1089287"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1089286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1089280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1089280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1089280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}