{"id":1089051,"date":"2025-01-08T13:49:57","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:49:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1089051.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:49:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:49:59","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e5%88%b0%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1089051.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u7684sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u7684mysql-connector-python\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u548c\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u7684sqlite3\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0cPython\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u5bf9SQLite\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)''')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 30)''')<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''SELECT * FROM users''')<\/p>\n
for row in cursor.fetchall():<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u7684mysql-connector-python\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
MySQL\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7mysql-connector-python\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5mysql-connector-python\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE users (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(255), age INT)''')<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 30)''')<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''SELECT * FROM users''')<\/p>\n
for row in cursor.fetchall():<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807<\/p>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5de5\u5177\u5305\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7ORM\u6a21\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db', echo=True)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
new_user = User(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
session.add(new_user)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = session.query(User).all()<\/p>\n
for user in users:<\/p>\n
    print(user.name, user.age)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u7684sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u5408\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u7684mysql-connector-python\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u4e0eMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy ORM\u6846\u67b6\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/strong> \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMySQL\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u6216PyMySQL<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eSQLite\uff0cPython\u81ea\u5e26\u7684sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5e93\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u6349\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u91c7\u53d6\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u91cd\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8bb0\u5f55\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\uff08cursor\uff09\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u901a\u8fc7cursor.execute()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528cursor.fetchall()<\/code>\u6216cursor.fetchone()<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\u8c03\u7528cursor.close()<\/code>\u548cconnection.close()<\/code>\u6765\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQ […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1089057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089051"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1089051"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1089058,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1089051\/revisions\/1089058"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1089057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1089051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1089051"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1089051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}