{"id":1088386,"date":"2025-01-08T13:43:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:43:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1088386.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:43:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:43:46","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8f%96%e5%88%b0%e5%88%97%e8%a1%a8%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%9f%90%e4%b8%aa%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1088386.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\"<\/p>\n

PYTHON\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5207\u7247\u3001\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u5305\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5982 index()<\/code>\u3001count()<\/code>\u7b49\uff09<\/strong>\u6765\u53d6\u5230Python\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Python\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a0\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date", "elderberry"]<\/p>\n
print(fruits[0])  # \u8f93\u51fa 'apple'<\/p>\n
print(fruits[2])  # \u8f93\u51fa 'cherry'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c\u8d1f\u6570\u7d22\u5f15\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c-1\u8868\u793a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c-2\u8868\u793a\u5012\u6570\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
print(fruits[-1])  # \u8f93\u51fa 'elderberry'<\/p>\n
print(fruits[-3])  # \u8f93\u51fa 'cherry'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5207\u7247\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5b50\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5207\u7247\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f list[start:stop:step]<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d start<\/code> \u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0cstop<\/code> \u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\uff0cstep<\/code> \u662f\u6b65\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
print(fruits[1:4])  # \u8f93\u51fa ['banana', 'cherry', 'date']<\/p>\n
print(fruits[::2])  # \u8f93\u51fa ['apple', 'cherry', 'elderberry']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u5305<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u89e3\u5305\u5230\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
first, second, *rest = fruits<\/p>\n
print(first)  # \u8f93\u51fa 'apple'<\/p>\n
print(second)  # \u8f93\u51fa 'banana'<\/p>\n
print(rest)  # \u8f93\u51fa ['cherry', 'date', 'elderberry']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982 index()<\/code> \u548c count()<\/code>\u3002index()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u9879\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u800c count()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
index()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
index_of_cherry = fruits.index("cherry")<\/p>\n
print(index_of_cherry)  # \u8f93\u51fa 2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
count()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
count_of_apple = fruits.count("apple")<\/p>\n
print(count_of_apple)  # \u8f93\u51fa 1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528for\u5faa\u73af\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
for fruit in fruits:<\/p>\n
    if fruit.startswith("b"):<\/p>\n
        print(fruit)  # \u8f93\u51fa 'banana'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7b26\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
b_fruits = [fruit for fruit in fruits if fruit.startswith("b")]<\/p>\n
print(b_fruits)  # \u8f93\u51fa ['banana']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528filter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
filter()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\u3002filter()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de True<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u4fdd\u7559\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
def starts_with_b(fruit):<\/p>\n
    return fruit.startswith("b")<\/p>\n
b_fruits = list(filter(starts_with_b, fruits))<\/p>\n
print(b_fruits)  # \u8f93\u51fa ['banana']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528map()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136 map()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
def to_upper(fruit):<\/p>\n
    return fruit.upper()<\/p>\n
upper_fruits = list(map(to_upper, fruits))<\/p>\n
print(upper_fruits)  # \u8f93\u51fa ['APPLE', 'BANANA', 'CHERRY', 'DATE', 'ELDERBERRY']<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528next()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u904d\u5386\u5927\u578b\u5217\u8868\u3002next()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
fruit_generator = (fruit for fruit in fruits if fruit.startswith("e"))<\/p>\n
print(next(fruit_generator))  # \u8f93\u51fa 'elderberry'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u4f7f\u7528enumerate()<\/code><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
enumerate()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5728\u904d\u5386\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5143\u7d20\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):<\/p>\n
    if fruit == "cherry":<\/p>\n
        print(f"Index of cherry is {index}")  # \u8f93\u51fa 'Index of cherry is 2'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6Python\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5207\u7247\u3001\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u5305<\/strong> \u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3001for\u5faa\u73af\u4e0e\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3001\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u3001filter()\u51fd\u6570\u3001map()\u51fd\u6570\u3001next()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\u5668\u3001enumerate()<\/strong> \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u60a8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u6613\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u8bbf\u95eePython\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u5217\u8868\u662f\u4ece0\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f150\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_list[0]<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1f\u6570\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_list[-1]<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u60f3\u83b7\u53d6\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5207\u7247\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3amy_list[start:end]<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dstart<\/code>\u662f\u8d77\u59cb\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u5305\u542b\uff09\uff0c\u800cend<\/code>\u662f\u7ed3\u675f\u7d22\u5f15\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_list[1:4]<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7d22\u5f151\u5230\u7d22\u5f153\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7d22\u5f15\u8d85\u51fa\u8303\u56f4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
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