{"id":1084558,"date":"2025-01-08T13:08:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:08:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1084558.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:08:29","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:08:29","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9%e4%b8%8b%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1084558.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\"<\/p>\n

Python\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5os\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1aos\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u4fbf\u6377\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dos.listdir()\u3001os.walk()\u3001os.scandir()\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002os.listdir()\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u9012\u5f52\uff1bos.walk()\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\uff1bos.scandir()\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bd4os.listdir()\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002os.scandir()\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OS\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001os.listdir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528os.listdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import os<\/p>\n
def list_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    files = os.listdir(directory)<\/p>\n
    for file in files:<\/p>\n
        print(file)<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
list_files(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cos.listdir(directory)\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2afor\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001os.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
os.walk()\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def walk_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(directory):<\/p>\n
        print(f'Found directory: {dirpath}')<\/p>\n
        for file_name in filenames:<\/p>\n
            print(file_name)<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
walk_files(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cos.walk(directory)\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6253\u5370\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001os.scandir()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
os.scandir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aos.DirEntry\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def scandir_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    with os.scandir(directory) as entries:<\/p>\n
        for entry in entries:<\/p>\n
            if entry.is_file():<\/p>\n
                print(f'File: {entry.name}')<\/p>\n
            elif entry.is_dir():<\/p>\n
                print(f'Directory: {entry.name}')<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
scandir_files(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cos.scandir(directory)\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aos.DirEntry\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528entry.is_file()\u548centry.is_dir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u9879\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528GLOB\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
glob\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import glob<\/p>\n
def glob_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    files = glob.glob(f'{directory}\/*')<\/p>\n
    for file in files:<\/p>\n
        print(file)<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
glob_files(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cglob.glob(f'{directory}\/*')\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0e\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2afor\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PATHLIB\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n
def pathlib_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    path = Path(directory)<\/p>\n
    for file in path.iterdir():<\/p>\n
        print(file)<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
pathlib_files(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cPath(directory)\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPath\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528path.iterdir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aPath\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9bPath\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u6253\u5370\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def get_all_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    all_files = []<\/p>\n
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(directory):<\/p>\n
        for file_name in filenames:<\/p>\n
            all_files.append(os.path.join(dirpath, file_name))<\/p>\n
    return all_files<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
all_files = get_all_files(directory)<\/p>\n
for file in all_files:<\/p>\n
    print(file)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cget_all_files(directory)\u51fd\u6570\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def recursive_files(directory):<\/p>\n
    for entry in os.scandir(directory):<\/p>\n
        if entry.is_file():<\/p>\n
            print(entry.path)<\/p>\n
        elif entry.is_dir():<\/p>\n
            recursive_files(entry.path)<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
recursive_files(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0crecursive_files(directory)\u51fd\u6570\u9012\u5f52\u5730\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528os.scandir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u5f55\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528entry.is_file()\u548centry.is_dir()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u9879\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528recursive_files()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def file_info(directory):<\/p>\n
    with os.scandir(directory) as entries:<\/p>\n
        for entry in entries:<\/p>\n
            if entry.is_file():<\/p>\n
                info = entry.stat()<\/p>\n
                print(f'File: {entry.name}')<\/p>\n
                print(f'Size: {info.st_size} bytes')<\/p>\n
                print(f'Created: {time.ctime(info.st_ctime)}')<\/p>\n
                print(f'Modified: {time.ctime(info.st_mtime)}\\n')<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
file_info(directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0centry.stat()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528info.st_size\u3001info.st_ctime\u548cinfo.st_mtime\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def filter_files(directory, extension):<\/p>\n
    with os.scandir(directory) as entries:<\/p>\n
        for entry in entries:<\/p>\n
            if entry.is_file() and entry.name.endswith(extension):<\/p>\n
                print(entry.name)<\/p>\n
directory = '\/path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
extension = '.txt'<\/p>\n
filter_files(directory, extension)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cfilter_files(directory, extension)\u51fd\u6570\u4ec5\u6253\u5370\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528entry.is_file()\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u9879\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528entry.name.endswith(extension)\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u548cpathlib\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002os.listdir()\u3001os.walk()\u3001os.scandir()\u3001glob.glob()\u548cpathlib.Path.iterdir()\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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