{"id":1084520,"date":"2025-01-08T13:08:05","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1084520.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:08:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:08:08","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e4%bd%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1084520.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u3001namedtuple\u548cdataclass<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7c7b\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u542b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age, emAI<\/a>l):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        self.email = email<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaPerson\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("John Doe", 30, "john.doe@example.com")<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aJohn Doe<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
print(person.email) # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1ajohn.doe@example.com<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aPerson<\/code>\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u8be5\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1aname<\/code>\u3001age<\/code>\u548cemail<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528namedtuple\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
namedtuple\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8ecollections<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from collections import namedtuple<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Person = namedtuple("Person", ["name", "age", "email"])<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaPerson\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("John Doe", 30, "john.doe@example.com")<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aJohn Doe<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
print(person.email) # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1ajohn.doe@example.com<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528namedtuple<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aPerson<\/code>\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1aname<\/code>\u3001age<\/code>\u548cemail<\/code>\u3002\u4e0e\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cnamedtuple\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u66f4\u6539\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dataclass\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
dataclass\u662fPython 3.7\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8edataclasses<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from dataclasses import dataclass<\/p>\n
@dataclass<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    name: str<\/p>\n
    age: int<\/p>\n
    email: str<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaPerson\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("John Doe", 30, "john.doe@example.com")<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aJohn Doe<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
print(person.email) # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1ajohn.doe@example.com<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528@dataclass<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aPerson<\/code>\u7684\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1aname<\/code>\u3001age<\/code>\u548cemail<\/code>\u3002dataclass\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210__init__<\/code>\u3001__repr__<\/code>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age, email="unknown@example.com"):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        self.email = email<\/p>\n
    # \u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def age(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._age<\/p>\n
    @age.setter<\/p>\n
    def age(self, value):<\/p>\n
        if value < 0:<\/p>\n
            raise ValueError("Age cannot be negative")<\/p>\n
        self._age = value<\/p>\n
    # \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"Hello, my name is {self.name}."<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaPerson\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = Person("John Doe", 30)<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(person.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aJohn Doe<\/p>\n
print(person.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a30<\/p>\n
print(person.email) # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aunknown@example.com<\/p>\n
print(person.greet())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello, my name is John Doe.<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503cemail<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5c5e\u6027\uff08property\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u4fddage<\/code>\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5greet<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u95ee\u5019\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\uff08class\uff09\u3001namedtuple\u548cdataclass\u3002\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u80fd\u529b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u800cnamedtuple\u548cdataclass\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528__init__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u70b9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u4e0b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Point:\n    def __init__(self, x, y):\n        self.x = x\n        self.y = y\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2aPoint<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u5177\u6709x<\/code>\u548cy<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684collections.namedtuple<\/code>\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528collections.namedtuple<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7c7b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cnamedtuple<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
from collections import namedtuple\n\nPoint = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])\np = Point(1, 2)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528self<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Rectangle:\n    def __init__(self, width, height):\n        self.width = width\n        self.height = height\n\n    def area(self):\n        return self.width * self.height\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aRectangle<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8c03\u7528area<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u9762\u79ef\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u3001namedtuple\u548cdataclass\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1084534,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084520"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1084520"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084520\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1084535,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084520\/revisions\/1084535"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1084534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1084520"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1084520"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1084520"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}