{"id":1081092,"date":"2025-01-08T12:36:20","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1081092.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:36:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:36:22","slug":"linux%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%86%99python%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1081092.html","title":{"rendered":"linux\u5982\u4f55\u5199python\u6587\u4ef6\u5939"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"linux\u5982\u4f55\u5199python\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\"<\/p>\n

Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199Python\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3001\u521b\u5efaPython\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u7f16\u5199Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548cPython\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec8\u7aef\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528mkdir<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amy_python_project<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

mkdir my_python_project<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
cd my_python_project<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982mAI<\/a>n.py<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528touch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
touch main.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff08\u5982nano<\/code>\u3001vim<\/code>\u7b49\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
nano main.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u5199Python\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00main.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684"Hello, World!"\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print("Hello, World!")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u5e76\u9000\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8enano<\/code>\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309Ctrl + X<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309Y<\/code>\u786e\u8ba4\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309Enter<\/code>\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u4f4d\u4e8emy_python_project<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd0\u884cPython\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python3 main.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679cPython\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a"Hello, World!"<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528venv<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python3 -m venv venv<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
source venv\/bin\/activate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2arequirements.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ee5\u540e\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip freeze > requirements.txt<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
my_python_project\/<\/p>\n
\u2502<\/p>\n
\u251c\u2500\u2500 main.py<\/p>\n
\u251c\u2500\u2500 requirements.txt<\/p>\n
\u251c\u2500\u2500 venv\/<\/p>\n
\u2502<\/p>\n
\u251c\u2500\u2500 src\/<\/p>\n
\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py<\/p>\n
\u2502   \u251c\u2500\u2500 module1.py<\/p>\n
\u2502   \u2514\u2500\u2500 module2.py<\/p>\n
\u2502<\/p>\n
\u2514\u2500\u2500 tests\/<\/p>\n
    \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py<\/p>\n
    \u2514\u2500\u2500 test_module1.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csrc<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0ctests<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Git\u8fdb\u884c\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u521d\u59cb\u5316Git\u4ed3\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
git init<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa.gitignore<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u5230Git\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
venv\/<\/p>\n
__pycache__\/<\/p>\n
*.pyc<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
git add .<\/p>\n
git commit -m "Initial commit"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u6709unittest<\/code>\u3001pytest<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528pytest<\/code>\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# tests\/test_module1.py<\/p>\n
import pytest<\/p>\n
from src.module1 import some_function<\/p>\n
def test_some_function():<\/p>\n
    assert some_function() == expected_value<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pytest<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u5de5\u5177\u5982Travis CI\u3001GitHub Actions\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u90fd\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6587\u6863\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982Sphinx<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5b89\u88c5Sphinx\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sphinx<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316Sphinx\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sphinx-quickstart<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u5199\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u751f\u6210HTML\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
make html<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u6253\u5305\u548c\u53d1\u5e03<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u9879\u76ee\u6253\u5305\u5e76\u53d1\u5e03\u5230PyPI\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u521b\u5efasetup.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from setuptools import setup, find_packages<\/p>\n
setup(<\/p>\n
    name="my_python_project",<\/p>\n
    version="0.1",<\/p>\n
    packages=find_packages(),<\/p>\n
    install_requires=[<\/p>\n
        "requests",<\/p>\n
    ],<\/p>\n
    entry_points={<\/p>\n
        "console_scripts": [<\/p>\n
            "my_command=my_python_project.main:main",<\/p>\n
        ],<\/p>\n
    },<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5305\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230PyPI\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
twine upload dist\/*<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8bf7\u968f\u65f6\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u521b\u5efaPython\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c\u8f93\u5165mkdir \u9879\u76ee\u540d\u79f0<\/code>\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cmy_python_project\u201d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u8f93\u5165mkdir my_python_project<\/code>\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528cd my_python_project<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u60a8\u7684Python\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406Python\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528chmod<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u7ed9\u4e88\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528chmod 755 \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u540d\u79f0<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u591a\u4eba\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7ba1\u7406Python\u9879\u76ee\uff1f<\/strong>
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