{"id":1080148,"date":"2025-01-08T12:27:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1080148.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:27:26","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:27:26","slug":"python%e9%87%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%8f%96%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1080148.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u91cc\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u91cc\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\"<\/p>\n

Python\u91cc\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9a71\u52a8\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u7b49\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 mysql-connector-python<\/code> \u9a71\u52a8\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08\u5982 with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5360\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5MySQL\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 mysql-connector-python<\/code> \u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install mysql-connector-python<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5982PostgreSQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 psycopg2<\/code> \u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install psycopg2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u673a\u5730\u5740\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3001\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
from mysql.connector import Error<\/p>\n
config = {<\/p>\n
    'host': 'localhost',<\/p>\n
    'user': 'your_username',<\/p>\n
    'password': 'your_password',<\/p>\n
    'database': 'your_database'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08\u5982 with<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\uff09\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with mysql.connector.connect(config) as connection:<\/p>\n
        if connection.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            print("Connection established")<\/p>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute("SELECT DATABASE();")<\/p>\n
            record = cursor.fetchone()<\/p>\n
            print("Connected to database:", record)<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error while connecting to MySQL", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 cursor<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with mysql.connector.connect(config) as connection:<\/p>\n
        if connection.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table;")<\/p>\n
            result = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            for row in result:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error while fetching data from MySQL", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with mysql.connector.connect(config) as connection:<\/p>\n
        if connection.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            insert_query = """INSERT INTO your_table (column1, column2) VALUES (%s, %s)"""<\/p>\n
            record = ('value1', 'value2')<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute(insert_query, record)<\/p>\n
            connection.commit()<\/p>\n
            print("Record inserted successfully")<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error while inserting data into MySQL", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with mysql.connector.connect(config) as connection:<\/p>\n
        if connection.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            update_query = """UPDATE your_table SET column1 = %s WHERE column2 = %s"""<\/p>\n
            record = ('new_value1', 'value2')<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute(update_query, record)<\/p>\n
            connection.commit()<\/p>\n
            print("Record updated successfully")<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error while updating data in MySQL", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with mysql.connector.connect(config) as connection:<\/p>\n
        if connection.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            delete_query = """DELETE FROM your_table WHERE column2 = %s"""<\/p>\n
            record = ('value2',)<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute(delete_query, record)<\/p>\n
            connection.commit()<\/p>\n
            print("Record deleted successfully")<\/p>\n
except Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error while deleting data from MySQL", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 try-except<\/code> \u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5e76\u5904\u7406 mysql.connector.Error<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with mysql.connector.connect(config) as connection:<\/p>\n
        if connection.is_connected():<\/p>\n
            cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
            cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table;")<\/p>\n
            result = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            for row in result:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
except mysql.connector.Error as e:<\/p>\n
    print("Error while connecting to MySQL", e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5SQLAlchemy\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6eSQLAlchemy\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
DATABASE_URL = "mysql+mysqlconnector:\/\/your_username:your_password@localhost\/your_database"<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine(DATABASE_URL)<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = session.execute("SELECT * FROM your_table;").fetchall()<\/p>\n
for row in result:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.execute("INSERT INTO your_table (column1, column2) VALUES ('value1', 'value2')")<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.execute("UPDATE your_table SET column1 = 'new_value1' WHERE column2 = 'value2'")<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.execute("DELETE FROM your_table WHERE column2 = 'value2'")<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u88c5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u786e\u4fdd\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u95ed\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\uff09\u548c\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MongoDB\uff09\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eMySQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u6216PyMySQL<\/code>\u5e93\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5bfc\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u51ed\u8bc1\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u4e3b\u673a\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002Python\u7684try-except<\/code>\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6355\u83b7\u8fde\u63a5\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u8f93\u51fa\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong>
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