{"id":1070045,"date":"2025-01-08T10:54:38","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T02:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1070045.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T10:54:40","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T02:54:40","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%ad%a6%e7%94%9f%e6%88%90%e7%bb%a9%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1070045.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Python\u521b\u5efa\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u5c55\u5f00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\uff1bMySQL\u548cPostgreSQL\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u50a8\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002SQLite \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002MySQL \u548c PostgreSQL \u5219\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u548c\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite \u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5907\u4efd\u548c\u8fc1\u79fb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cSQLite \u5728\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u548c\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u5982 MySQL \u548c PostgreSQL\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8005\u590d\u6742\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 MySQL \u6216 PostgreSQL \u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cb\u597d\u3001\u6613\u7528\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u529f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff08GUI\uff09\u5e93\u5982 Tkinter\u3001PyQt \u6216\u8005 Kivy \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63a7\u4ef6\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Tkinter \u662f Python \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u684c\u9762\u5e94\u7528\u3002PyQt \u548c Kivy \u5219\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684 GUI \u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u754c\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002PyQt \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u63a7\u4ef6\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002\u800c Kivy \u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0 GUI \u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u70b9\u89e6\u63a7\u548c\u624b\u52bf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\uff08CRUD\uff09\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6210\u7ee9\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5408\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7b49\u3002\u5220\u9664\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5220\u9664\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u79cd\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6309\u5b66\u751f\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u6309\u8bfe\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u6309\u6210\u7ee9\u8303\u56f4\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 SQLAlchemy \u8fd9\u6837\u7684 ORM \u5e93\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002SQLAlchemy \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u5199 SQL \u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd8\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u3002\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u6355\u83b7\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u754c\u9762\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u8868\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8868\u3001\u6210\u7ee9\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u5b66\u53f7\u3001\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u6027\u522b\u3001\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f\u7b49\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5b66\u5206\u7b49\u3002\u6210\u7ee9\u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u53f7\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7f16\u53f7\u3001\u6210\u7ee9\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

CREATE TABLE students (<\/p>\n
    student_id INT PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
    name VARCHAR(100),<\/p>\n
    gender CHAR(1),<\/p>\n
    birthdate DATE<\/p>\n
);<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE courses (<\/p>\n
    course_id INT PRIMARY KEY,<\/p>\n
    course_name VARCHAR(100),<\/p>\n
    credits INT<\/p>\n
);<\/p>\n
CREATE TABLE grades (<\/p>\n
    student_id INT,<\/p>\n
    course_id INT,<\/p>\n
    grade DECIMAL(5, 2),<\/p>\n
    PRIMARY KEY (student_id, course_id),<\/p>\n
    FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES students(student_id),<\/p>\n
    FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES courses(course_id)<\/p>\n
);<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0cstudents<\/code> \u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0ccourses<\/code> \u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cgrades<\/code> \u8868\u5b58\u50a8\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u4fe1\u606f\u3002grades<\/code> \u8868\u4e2d\u7684 student_id<\/code> \u548c course_id<\/code> \u662f\u5916\u952e\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5f15\u7528 students<\/code> \u8868\u548c courses<\/code> \u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u5bf9\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Tkinter\u3001PyQt \u6216 Kivy \u7b49 GUI \u5e93\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 Tkinter \u6784\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import tkinter as tk<\/p>\n
from tkinter import messagebox<\/p>\n
def add_student():<\/p>\n
    # \u6dfb\u52a0\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
def delete_student():<\/p>\n
    # \u5220\u9664\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
def update_student():<\/p>\n
    # \u66f4\u65b0\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
def query_student():<\/p>\n
    # \u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
root = tk.Tk()<\/p>\n
root.title("\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf")<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6309\u94ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n
add_button = tk.Button(root, text="\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b66\u751f", command=add_student)<\/p>\n
add_button.pack()<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6309\u94ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n
delete_button = tk.Button(root, text="\u5220\u9664\u5b66\u751f", command=delete_student)<\/p>\n
delete_button.pack()<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6309\u94ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n
update_button = tk.Button(root, text="\u66f4\u65b0\u5b66\u751f", command=update_student)<\/p>\n
update_button.pack()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6309\u94ae<\/strong><\/h2>\n
query_button = tk.Button(root, text="\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f", command=query_student)<\/p>\n
query_button.pack()<\/p>\n
root.mAI<\/a>nloop()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 Tkinter \u754c\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6309\u94ae\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\u90fd\u7ed1\u5b9a\u4e86\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\uff08CRUD\uff09\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 SQLAlchemy \u8fd9\u6837\u7684 ORM \u5e93\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 SQLAlchemy \u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Float, ForeignKey<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship<\/p>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
class Student(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'students'<\/p>\n
    student_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    gender = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    birthdate = Column(String)<\/p>\n
class Course(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'courses'<\/p>\n
    course_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    course_name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    credits = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
class Grade(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'grades'<\/p>\n
    student_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('students.student_id'), primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    course_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('courses.course_id'), primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    grade = Column(Float)<\/p>\n
    student = relationship("Student")<\/p>\n
    course = relationship("Course")<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/school.db')<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b66\u751f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
new_student = Student(student_id=1, name='\u5f20\u4e09', gender='\u7537', birthdate='2000-01-01')<\/p>\n
session.add(new_student)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
student = session.query(Student).filter_by(student_id=1).first()<\/p>\n
print(student.name)<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u5b66\u751f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
student.name = '\u674e\u56db'<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5b66\u751f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.delete(student)<\/p>\n
session.commit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 Student<\/code>\u3001Course<\/code> \u548c Grade<\/code> \u4e09\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94 students<\/code>\u3001courses<\/code> \u548c grades<\/code> \u4e09\u4e2a\u8868\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 SQLAlchemy \u7684 create_engine<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 sessionmaker<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7c7b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u53ca\u5176\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6545\u969c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6355\u83b7\u8fde\u63a5\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/school.db')<\/p>\n
    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
        print(f"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff1a{e}")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      def add_student(student_id, name, gender, birthdate):<\/p>\n
          if not student_id or not name or not gender or not birthdate:<\/p>\n
              print("\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574")<\/p>\n
              return<\/p>\n
          new_student = Student(student_id=student_id, name=name, gender=gender, birthdate=birthdate)<\/p>\n
          session.add(new_student)<\/p>\n
          session.commit()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u67e5\u8be2\u8d85\u65f6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u5b66\u751f\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5927\u6216\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u590d\u6742\u5bfc\u81f4\u67e5\u8be2\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6355\u83b7\u67e5\u8be2\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            student = session.query(Student).filter_by(student_id=1).first()<\/p>\n
        except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
            print(f"\u67e5\u8be2\u8d85\u65f6\uff1a{e}")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u529f\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u6210\u7ee9\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u6210\u7ee9\u5bfc\u5165\u5bfc\u51fa\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u6210\u7ee9\u7edf\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6309\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u6309\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u6309\u5b66\u671f\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u56fe\u8868\u6216\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u6210\u7ee9\u5bfc\u5165\u5bfc\u51fa<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c06\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u4ece Excel \u6587\u4ef6\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u5bfc\u51fa\u5230 Excel \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u603b\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0cPython\u521b\u5efa\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u66f4\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u826f\u597d\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
           \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5b66\u53f7\u548c\u6210\u7ee9\u7b49\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u5b58\u50a8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u3001\u5220\u3001\u67e5\u3001\u6539\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u754c\u9762\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff08\u5982Tkinter\uff09\u6765\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9bPython\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f<\/strong>
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          \u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u9690\u79c1\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
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