{"id":1066051,"date":"2024-12-31T16:22:53","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:22:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1066051.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T16:22:55","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T08:22:55","slug":"python3%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e9%98%9f%e5%88%97%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8e%bb%e9%87%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1066051.html","title":{"rendered":"python3\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u91cd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python3\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u91cd\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python3\u7684\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53bb\u91cd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u722c\u866b\u91cd\u590d\u6293\u53d6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u961f\u5217\uff08queue\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6563\u5217\u8868\uff08hash\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/strong>\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u53bb\u91cd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python3\u7684\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u53bb\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e14\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL<\/strong>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(1)\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u65b0URL\u65f6\u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u67e5\u8be5URL\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u96c6\u5408\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

visited_urls = set()<\/p>\n
def add_to_visited(url):<\/p>\n
    visited_urls.add(url)<\/p>\n
def is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
    return url in visited_urls<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2avisited_urls<\/code>\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3002add_to_visited<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u65b0\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u800cis_visited<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u96c6\u5408\u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2aURL\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u53d6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230visited_urls<\/code>\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from queue import Queue<\/p>\n
queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
visited_urls = set()<\/p>\n
def crawl(url):<\/p>\n
    if not is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
        # \u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
        # ...<\/p>\n
        add_to_visited(url)<\/p>\n
        # \u5c06\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d<\/p>\n
        # queue.put(new_url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u961f\u5217\uff08queue\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u961f\u5217\uff08queue\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5148\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\uff08FIFO\uff09\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c06\u521d\u59cbURL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f9d\u6b21\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51faURL\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u961f\u5217\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from queue import Queue<\/p>\n
queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
def add_to_queue(url):<\/p>\n
    queue.put(url)<\/p>\n
def get_from_queue():<\/p>\n
    return queue.get()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aqueue<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3002add_to_queue<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u800cget_from_queue<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u961f\u5217\u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u521d\u59cbURL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5faa\u73af\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51faURL\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from queue import Queue<\/p>\n
queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
visited_urls = set()<\/p>\n
def crawl(url):<\/p>\n
    if not is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
        # \u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
        # ...<\/p>\n
        add_to_visited(url)<\/p>\n
        # \u5c06\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d<\/p>\n
        # queue.put(new_url)<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u521d\u59cbURL\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
add_to_queue('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
while not queue.empty():<\/p>\n
    url = get_from_queue()<\/p>\n
    crawl(url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6563\u5217\u8868\uff08hash\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6563\u5217\u8868\uff08hash table\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6563\u5217\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u548c\u5b57\u5178\uff08dict\uff09\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u6563\u5217\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67e5\u627e\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u6563\u5217\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
visited_urls = {}<\/p>\n
def add_to_visited(url):<\/p>\n
    visited_urls[url] = True<\/p>\n
def is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
    return url in visited_urls<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2avisited_urls<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3002add_to_visited<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u65b0\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\uff0c\u800cis_visited<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2aURL\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u6563\u5217\u8868\u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u6bcf\u4e2aURL\u4e4b\u524d\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u53d6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230visited_urls<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from queue import Queue<\/p>\n
queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
visited_urls = {}<\/p>\n
def crawl(url):<\/p>\n
    if not is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
        # \u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
        # ...<\/p>\n
        add_to_visited(url)<\/p>\n
        # \u5c06\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d<\/p>\n
        # queue.put(new_url)<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u521d\u59cbURL\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
add_to_queue('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
while not queue.empty():<\/p>\n
    url = get_from_queue()<\/p>\n
    crawl(url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python3\u7684\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u53bb\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7efc\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
from queue import Queue<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\u548c\u96c6\u5408<\/strong><\/h2>\n
queue = Queue()<\/p>\n
visited_urls = set()<\/p>\n
def add_to_queue(url):<\/p>\n
    queue.put(url)<\/p>\n
def get_from_queue():<\/p>\n
    return queue.get()<\/p>\n
def add_to_visited(url):<\/p>\n
    visited_urls.add(url)<\/p>\n
def is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
    return url in visited_urls<\/p>\n
def crawl(url):<\/p>\n
    if not is_visited(url):<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
            soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
            print(f'\u6293\u53d6\u6210\u529f: {url}')<\/p>\n
            add_to_visited(url)<\/p>\n
            # \u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n
            for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):<\/p>\n
                new_url = link['href']<\/p>\n
                if not is_visited(new_url):<\/p>\n
                    add_to_queue(new_url)<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u521d\u59cbURL\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
add_to_queue('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\u53d6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
while not queue.empty():<\/p>\n
    url = get_from_queue()<\/p>\n
    crawl(url)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u6790HTML\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95eeURL\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fc7\uff0c\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u6293\u53d6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python3\u7684\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53bb\u91cd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u91cd\u590d\u6293\u53d6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u961f\u5217\uff08queue\uff09\u7ba1\u7406\u5f85\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684URL\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6563\u5217\u8868\uff08hash\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/strong>\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u53bb\u91cd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7efc\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u548c\u53bb\u91cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python3\u722c\u866b\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u53bb\u91cd\uff1f<\/strong>
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