{"id":1048215,"date":"2024-12-31T13:49:04","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:49:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1048215.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T13:49:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:49:06","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%b8%8e%e4%bb%a5%e5%a4%aa%e5%9d%8a%e7%a7%81%e6%9c%89%e9%93%be%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1048215.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Web3.py\u5e93\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3001\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u8bb2\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Web3.py\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Web3.py\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Web3.py\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Web3.py\u5e93\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install web3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from web3 import Web3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
web3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8545'))<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if web3.isConnected():<\/p>\n
    print("\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528HTTPProvider\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u672c\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\uff0cweb3.isConnected()<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56deTrue\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u662f\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u90e8\u7f72\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aSimpleStorage.sol<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;<\/p>\n
contract SimpleStorage {<\/p>\n
    uint256 storedData;<\/p>\n
    function set(uint256 x) public {<\/p>\n
        storedData = x;<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    function get() public view returns (uint256) {<\/p>\n
        return storedData;<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528solc\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u6216remix\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u7f16\u8bd1\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210ABI\u548c\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528solc\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
solc --abi --bin SimpleStorage.sol -o build\/<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0bPython\u4ee3\u7801\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from web3 import Web3<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
web3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8545'))<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u7f16\u8bd1\u540e\u7684ABI\u548c\u5b57\u8282\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('build\/SimpleStorage.abi', 'r') as abi_file:<\/p>\n
    abi = json.load(abi_file)<\/p>\n
with open('build\/SimpleStorage.bin', 'r') as bin_file:<\/p>\n
    bytecode = bin_file.read()<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u548cgas<\/strong><\/h2>\n
account = web3.eth.accounts[0]<\/p>\n
web3.eth.defaultAccount = account<\/p>\n
gas_estimate = web3.eth.estimateGas({'from': account, 'data': bytecode})<\/p>\n
\u90e8\u7f72\u5408\u7ea6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
SimpleStorage = web3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)<\/p>\n
tx_hash = SimpleStorage.constructor().transact({'from': account, 'gas': gas_estimate})<\/p>\n
tx_receipt = web3.eth.wAI<\/a>tForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5408\u7ea6\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/h2>\n
contract_address = tx_receipt.contractAddress<\/p>\n
print(f"\u5408\u7ea6\u90e8\u7f72\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5730\u5740\uff1a{contract_address}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u5df2\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n
simple_storage = web3.eth.contract(address=contract_address, abi=abi)<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u7684set\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
tx_hash = simple_storage.functions.set(42).transact({'from': account})<\/p>\n
tx_receipt = web3.eth.waitForTransactionReceipt(tx_hash)<\/p>\n
print(f"set\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u54c8\u5e0c\uff1a{tx_hash.hex()}")<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528\u5408\u7ea6\u7684get\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
stored_data = simple_storage.functions.get().call()<\/p>\n
print(f"get\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a{stored_data}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5408\u7ea6\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u76d1\u542c\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def handle_new_block(block):<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u65b0\u5757\uff1a{block['number']}")<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u65b0\u5757<\/strong><\/h2>\n
block_filter = web3.eth.filter('latest')<\/p>\n
block_filter.watch(handle_new_block)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
event DataStored(uint256 data);<\/p>\n
function set(uint256 x) public {<\/p>\n
    storedData = x;<\/p>\n
    emit DataStored(x);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u76d1\u542c\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u5df2\u90e8\u7f72\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/p>\n
simple_storage = web3.eth.contract(address=contract_address, abi=abi)<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542cDataStored\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
event_filter = simple_storage.events.DataStored.createFilter(fromBlock='latest')<\/p>\n
def handle_event(event):<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6570\u636e\uff1a{event['args']['data']}")<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    for event in event_filter.get_new_entries():<\/p>\n
        handle_event(event)<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8fde\u63a5\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3001\u8c03\u7528\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Web3.py\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884cpip install web3<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0e\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7RPC URL\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Web3.py\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u533a\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u8282\u70b9\u7684RPC URL\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a  <\/p>\n
from web3 import Web3\n\nw3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http:\/\/<your-private-chain-node>:<port>'))\nif w3.isConnected():\n    print("\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe")\nelse:\n    print("\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u66ff\u6362URL\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e3a\u60a8\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u6784\u5efa\u4ea4\u6613\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u7b7e\u540d\u4ea4\u6613\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
from web3 import Web3\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\nw3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider('http:\/\/<your-private-chain-node>:<port>'))\n\n# \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ea4\u6613\u53c2\u6570\ntransaction = {\n    'to': '<recipient_address>',\n    'value': w3.toWei(0.01, 'ether'),\n    'gas': 2000000,\n    'gasPrice': w3.toWei('50', 'gwei'),\n    'nonce': w3.eth.getTransactionCount('<your_address>'),\n}\n\n# \u7b7e\u540d\u4ea4\u6613\nsigned_txn = w3.eth.account.signTransaction(transaction, private_key='<your_private_key>')\n\n# \u53d1\u9001\u4ea4\u6613\ntxn_hash = w3.eth.sendRawTransaction(signed_txn.rawTransaction)\n\nprint(f"\u4ea4\u6613\u53d1\u9001\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u54c8\u5e0c\u4e3a\uff1a{txn_hash.hex()}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u5c06\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u60a8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u79c1\u94a5\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u79c1\u6709\u94fe\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Web3.py\u5e93\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u3001\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u5408\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4e92\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u533a\u5757\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1048224,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048215"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1048215"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1048226,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1048215\/revisions\/1048226"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1048224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1048215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1048215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1048215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}