{"id":1040977,"date":"2024-12-31T12:45:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T04:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1040977.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T12:45:26","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T04:45:26","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8c%89%e8%a1%8c%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1040977.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93sqlite3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93SQLAlchemy\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93sqlite3\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93sqlite3\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14Python\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u81ea\u5e26sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8esqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982SQLAlchemy\u6216Pandas\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
pip install pandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users<\/p>\n
                  (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
                   name TEXT NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
                   age INTEGER NOT NULL)''')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u4e24\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u6307\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
def insert_user(name, age):<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", (name, age))<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
insert_user('Alice', 30)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u6b21\u63d2\u5165\u591a\u884c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u63d2\u5165\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
def insert_users(users):<\/p>\n
    # \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/p>\n
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
    cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
    # \u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", users)<\/p>\n
    # \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
    conn.commit()<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    conn.close()<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u591a\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = [('Bob', 25), ('Charlie', 35), ('David', 40)]<\/p>\n
insert_users(users)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5e93sqlite3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u5668\uff08ORM\uff09\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/p>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def insert_user(name, age):<\/p>\n
    user = User(name=name, age=age)<\/p>\n
    session.add(user)<\/p>\n
    session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165<\/strong><\/h2>\n
def insert_users(users):<\/p>\n
    session.bulk_save_objects([User(name=name, age=age) for name, age in users])<\/p>\n
    session.commit()<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
insert_user('Alice', 30)<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u591a\u884c\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = [('Bob', 25), ('Charlie', 35), ('David', 40)]<\/p>\n
insert_users(users)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Pandas<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Pandas\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06DataFrame\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {'name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David'],<\/p>\n
        'age': [30, 25, 35, 40]}<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaDataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.DataFrame(data)<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df.to_sql('users', conn, if_exists='append', index=False)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5e93sqlite3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u591a\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u548cPandas\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u7ec4\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5728\u8bc4\u8bba\u533a\u7559\u8a00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u6309\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong>
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    \n
  1. \u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93\uff08\u5982sqlite3\u3001pymysql\u7b49\uff09\u3002  <\/li>\n
  2. \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002  <\/li>\n
  3. \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002  <\/li>\n
  4. \u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u6267\u884c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002  <\/li>\n
  5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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