{"id":1032637,"date":"2024-12-31T11:35:18","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:35:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1032637.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T11:35:21","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T03:35:21","slug":"python%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1032637.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u662fPython\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u3001\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u88ab\u7acb\u5373\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4f1a\u52a01\uff1b\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u4f1a\u51cf1\u3002\u5f53\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u53d8\u4e3a\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5360\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u56de\u6536\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u4e92\u5f15\u7528\u5bf9\u65b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0cPython\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5206\u4ee3\u56de\u6536\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ee3\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4ee3\uff1a\u7b2c0\u4ee3\u3001\u7b2c1\u4ee3\u548c\u7b2c2\u4ee3\u3002\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u7b2c0\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b58\u6d3b\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u5230\u7b2c1\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8<\/strong>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ee3\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u67d0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u4ee3\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u8f7b\u4ee3\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u8bb0-\u6e05\u9664\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u56de\u6536\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u8fbe\u5bf9\u8c61\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u201d\uff1b\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5c06\u672a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u201d\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u9664\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u5f15\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236\u662fPython\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002Python\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c06\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u548c\u5206\u914d\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08Small Object Allocator\uff09\u548c\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff08Big Object Allocator\uff09\u3002\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5668\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u5c0f\u4e8e256\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u5927\u4e8e256\u5b57\u8282\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u5b58<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u4e2d\u9884\u5148\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5185\u5b58\u788e\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u5206\u914d\u5668\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7533\u8bf7\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5206\u914d\u5927\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5982gc\u6a21\u5757\u3001sys\u6a21\u5757\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u76d1\u89c6\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. gc\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    gc\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7gc\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u7528\u6216\u7981\u7528\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u9608\u503c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    import gc<\/p>\n
    gc.collect()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. sys\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      sys\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sys.getrefcount()\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7sys.getsizeof()\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import sys<\/p>\n
      obj = [1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
      print(sys.getrefcount(obj)) # \u83b7\u53d6\u5f15\u7528\u8ba1\u6570<\/p>\n
      print(sys.getsizeof(obj)) # \u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e94\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u4f18\u5316\u6280\u5de7<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u7528\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u540c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u751f\u6210\u5668\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u9010\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
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