{"id":1026041,"date":"2024-12-31T10:39:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T02:39:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1026041.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T10:39:15","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T02:39:15","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%8c%96%e5%8f%96%e7%9f%ad%e8%a7%86%e9%a2%91%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1026041.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u6316\u53d6\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u6316\u53d6\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u6316\u53d6\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6316\u53d6\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5229\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u89c6\u9891\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6316\u53d6\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u53ca\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Python\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Scrapy\u3001BeautifulSoup\u548cSelenium\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u6293\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001Scrapy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install scrapy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scrapy startproject short_video_scraper<\/p>\n
cd short_video_scraper<\/p>\n
scrapy genspider example example.com<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4f55\u6293\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u67d0\u4e2a\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u5217\u8868\u548c\u8be6\u60c5\u9875\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import scrapy<\/p>\n
class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
    name = 'example'<\/p>\n
    start_urls = ['http:\/\/example.com\/videos']<\/p>\n
    def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
        for video in response.css('div.video'):<\/p>\n
            yield {<\/p>\n
                'title': video.css('h2::text').get(),<\/p>\n
                'url': video.css('a::attr(href)').get(),<\/p>\n
                'views': video.css('span.views::text').get(),<\/p>\n
            }<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001BeautifulSoup<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cBeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/videos'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
for video in soup.find_all('div', class_='video'):<\/p>\n
    title = video.find('h2').get_text()<\/p>\n
    url = video.find('a')['href']<\/p>\n
    views = video.find('span', class_='views').get_text()<\/p>\n
    print(f'Title: {title}, URL: {url}, Views: {views}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5229\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f9b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u83b7\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aAPI\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6ce8\u518cAPI Key<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u518c\u4e00\u4e2aAPI Key\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7533\u8bf7\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8d26\u53f7\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6API Key\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8c03\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6API Key\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684requests\u5e93\u6765\u8c03\u7528API\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u67d0\u4e2a\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u5e73\u53f0\u7684API\u63a5\u53e3\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
api_key = 'YOUR_API_KEY'<\/p>\n
url = f'http:\/\/example.com\/api\/videos?key={api_key}'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
data = response.json()<\/p>\n
for video in data['videos']:<\/p>\n
    title = video['title']<\/p>\n
    url = video['url']<\/p>\n
    views = video['views']<\/p>\n
    print(f'Title: {title}, URL: {url}, Views: {views}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u89c6\u9891\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u5e73\u53f0\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9bAPI\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216BeautifulSoup\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u6309F12\u952e\uff09\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5305\u542b\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u89e3\u6790\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7f16\u5199Python\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com\/videos'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
for video in soup.find_all('div', class_='video'):<\/p>\n
    title = video.find('h2').get_text()<\/p>\n
    url = video.find('a')['href']<\/p>\n
    views = video.find('span', class_='views').get_text()<\/p>\n
    print(f'Title: {title}, URL: {url}, Views: {views}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\u3001GeckoDriver\u7b49\uff09\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u7f16\u5199Selenium\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u9875\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # \u6216webdriver.Firefox()\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n
driver.get('http:\/\/example.com\/videos')<\/p>\n
videos = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, 'video')<\/p>\n
for video in videos:<\/p>\n
    title = video.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'h2').text<\/p>\n
    url = video.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, 'a').get_attribute('href')<\/p>\n
    views = video.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, 'views').text<\/p>\n
    print(f'Title: {title}, URL: {url}, Views: {views}')<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982CSV\u3001JSON\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff08\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\u6765\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
data = [<\/p>\n
    {'title': 'Video 1', 'url': 'http:\/\/example.com\/video1', 'views': '1000'},<\/p>\n
    {'title': 'Video 2', 'url': 'http:\/\/example.com\/video2', 'views': '2000'},<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
with open('videos.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:<\/p>\n
    writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=['title', 'url', 'views'])<\/p>\n
    writer.writeheader()<\/p>\n
    for row in data:<\/p>\n
        writer.writerow(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('videos.db')<\/p>\n
c = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS videos<\/p>\n
             (title TEXT, url TEXT, views INTEGER)''')<\/p>\n
data = [<\/p>\n
    ('Video 1', 'http:\/\/example.com\/video1', 1000),<\/p>\n
    ('Video 2', 'http:\/\/example.com\/video2', 2000),<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
c.executemany('INSERT INTO videos VALUES (?,?,?)', data)<\/p>\n
conn.commit()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
df = pd.read_csv('videos.csv')<\/p>\n
print(df.describe())<\/p>\n
print(df.groupby('views').size())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
df = pd.read_csv('videos.csv')<\/p>\n
df['views'].plot(kind='bar')<\/p>\n
plt.show()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6316\u53d6\u77ed\u89c6\u9891\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u9075\u5b88\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u722c\u866b\u534f\u8bae\uff08robots.txt\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u722c\u866b\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u722c\u866b\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
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