{"id":1009249,"date":"2024-12-27T11:10:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:10:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1009249.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T11:10:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T03:10:10","slug":"%e7%88%ac%e8%99%abpython%e8%84%9a%e6%9c%ac%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1009249.html","title":{"rendered":"\u722c\u866bpython\u811a\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25084241\/a308efe2-6b86-4bdd-985a-dfbd062e1450.webp\" alt=\"\u722c\u866bpython\u811a\u672c\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866bPython\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u5982BeautifulSoup\u3001Scrapy\u6216Requests\u7b49\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5b9a\u4e49\u76ee\u6807URL\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002Python\u62e5\u6709\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u53d8\u5f97\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Pythonic\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8981\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5Requests<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Requests\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5b89\u88c5Requests\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pip install requests<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6216Scrapy\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5BeautifulSoup\u548cRequests\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import requests<\/p>\n<p>from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com&#39;<\/p>\n<p>response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n<p>html_content = response.text<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, &#39;html.parser&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>data = soup.find_all(&#39;div&#39;, class_=&#39;target-class&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7f16\u5199\u5b8c\u6210\u5e76\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65e0\u8bef\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u4f60\u7684\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">python your_script_name.py<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u5982logging\u5e93\uff09\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u811a\u672c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u76d1\u63a7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5bf9\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7406\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664HTML\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u636e\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5c06\u6e05\u6d17\u540e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3aCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u50a8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u3001MySQL\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u6216\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e91\u5b58\u50a8\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866bPython\u811a\u672c\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5e93\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u5199\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u914d\u7f6ePython\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866bPython\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Python\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ecePython\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u7167\u63d0\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982BeautifulSoup\u548crequests\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8f93\u5165<code>pip install beautifulsoup4 requests<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5Python\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>python --version<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u5b9e\u65bd\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff08headers\uff09\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u9690\u85cf\u60a8\u7684\u771f\u5b9eIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u9020\u6210\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5e93\u5982Scrapy\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u5982pdb\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u4fee\u590d\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u7f29\u77ed\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866bPython\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684Python\u5e93\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u722c\u866b\u811a\u672c\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58 [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1009253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1009249"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1009249"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1009249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1009255,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1009249\/revisions\/1009255"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1009253"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1009249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1009249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1009249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}