{"id":1002255,"date":"2024-12-27T10:07:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:07:07","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:07:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:07:10","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e9%80%89%e6%8b%a9%e9%bb%98%e8%ae%a4%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1002255.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u5b9a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5728Linux\u548cmacOS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528update-alternatives<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u914d\u7f6e.bashrc<\/code>\u6216.zshrc<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5982pyenv<\/code>\u662f\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5207\u6362Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u7ea7\u522b\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528virtualenv<\/code>\u6216venv<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528pyenv<\/code>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002pyenv<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u4e13\u4e3aLinux\u548cmacOS\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5207\u6362\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u672c\u5730\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528pyenv<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5pyenv<\/code>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86pyenv<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Homebrew\u6216\u624b\u52a8\u514b\u9686\u5176GitHub\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\uff1a\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06pyenv<\/code>\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230shell\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982.bashrc<\/code>\u6216.zshrc<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u6267\u884csource<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5176\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5Python\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pyenv install<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff0cpyenv install --list<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pyenv global <version><\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u9ed8\u8ba4Python\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528pyenv local <version><\/code>\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u672c\u5730\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884cpython --version<\/code>\u6216python3 --version<\/code>\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u662f\u5426\u662f\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0cpyenv<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5207\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684Python\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362Python\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528UPDATE-ALTERNATIVES\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cupdate-alternatives<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff0c\u5305\u62ecPython\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u5207\u6362\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528update-alternatives<\/code>\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5982apt<\/code>\u6216yum<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684Python\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u6dfb\u52a0\u66f4\u65b0\u9009\u9879<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528update-alternatives --install<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9009\u9879\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0csudo update-alternatives --install \/usr\/bin\/python python \/usr\/bin\/python3.8 1<\/code>\u548csudo update-alternatives --install \/usr\/bin\/python python \/usr\/bin\/python3.9 2<\/code>\u5206\u522b\u4e3aPython 3.8\u548c3.9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      \u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884csudo update-alternatives --config python<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      \u9a8c\u8bc1\u66f4\u6539<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528python --version<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6709root\u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u4e8c\u3001\u4fee\u6539BASHRC\u6216ZSHRC\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u5bf9\u4e8eLinux\u548cmacOS\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539shell\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982.bashrc<\/code>\u6216.zshrc<\/code>\uff0c\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u597d\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u5236\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u6253\u5f00~\/.bashrc<\/code>\u6216~\/.zshrc<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u6dfb\u52a0\u522b\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u884c\u522b\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0calias python=python3.8<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u6b21\u542f\u52a8shell\u65f6\uff0cpython<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6307\u5411Python 3.8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        \u5237\u65b0\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884csource ~\/.bashrc<\/code>\u6216source ~\/.zshrc<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u66f4\u6539\u751f\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        \u9a8c\u8bc1\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u540c\u6837\u4f7f\u7528python --version<\/code>\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5f53\u524d\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d26\u6237\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528WINDOWS\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \u5728Windows\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          \u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        2. \n

          \u7f16\u8f91\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u53f3\u952e\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u6b64\u7535\u8111\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6211\u7684\u7535\u8111\u201d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u201d\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u201d\u6309\u94ae\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        3. \n

          \u4fee\u6539PATH\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5e76\u7f16\u8f91Path<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u9700Python\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u653e\u5728\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6700\u524d\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06C:\\Python39<\/code>\u8def\u5f84\u79fb\u5230Path<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        4. \n

          \u9a8c\u8bc1\u66f4\u6539<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff08cmd\uff09\u8fd0\u884cpython --version<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u624d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528VIRTUALENV\u6216VENV\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002virtualenv<\/code>\u548c\u5185\u7f6e\u7684venv<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            \u5b89\u88c5\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528pip install virtualenv<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5virtualenv<\/code>\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8ePython 3.3\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528python -m venv<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          2. \n

            \u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cvirtualenv venv<\/code>\u6216python -m venv venv<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3avenv<\/code>\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u72ec\u7acb\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          3. \n

            \u6fc0\u6d3b\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Linux\u548cmacOS\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd0\u884csource venv\/bin\/activate<\/code>\uff0c\u5728Windows\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd0\u884cvenv\\Scripts\\activate.bat<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          4. \n

            \u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528python --version<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5Python\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528pip<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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