{"id":1000969,"date":"2024-12-27T09:55:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1000969.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:55:43","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:55:43","slug":"python%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e6%95%b0%e7%bb%84%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8e%92%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1000969.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u5e8f\"<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528list\u7684sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684key\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684key\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7lambda\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49key\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SORTED()\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

sorted_list = sorted(object_list, key=lambda x: x.attribute)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0cobject_list<\/code>\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\uff0cattribute<\/code>\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u7528\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002key<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u4f7f\u7528lambda\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528lambda\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002lambda\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sorted_list = sorted(object_list, key=lambda x: x.name)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684name<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6392\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u4ee3\u66fflambda\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def get_sort_key(obj):<\/p>\n
    return obj.attribute<\/p>\n
sorted_list = sorted(object_list, key=get_sort_key)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528LIST\u7684SORT()\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684list\u5bf9\u8c61\u81ea\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2asort()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u5730\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u4e0esorted()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0csort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u8fd4\u56deNone\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
object_list.sort(key=lambda x: x.attribute)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4e0esorted()\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ea\u662fsort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684key\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0esorted()\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0csort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684key\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def get_sort_key(obj):<\/p>\n
    return obj.attribute<\/p>\n
object_list.sort(key=get_sort_key)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684KEY\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49key\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5904\u7406\u591a\u91cd\u6761\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u591a\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u91cd\u6761\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sorted_list = sorted(object_list, key=lambda x: (x.attribute1, x.attribute2))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u6839\u636eattribute1<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u679cattribute1<\/code>\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5219\u6839\u636eattribute2<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684key\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6bd4\u8f83\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\u7684\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def complex_sort_key(obj):<\/p>\n
    return some_complex_calculation(obj)<\/p>\n
sorted_list = sorted(object_list, key=complex_sort_key)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u5408REVERSE\u53c2\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002Python\u7684sorted()\u51fd\u6570\u548clist\u7684sort()\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u9012reverse=True\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sorted_list = sorted(object_list, key=lambda x: x.attribute, reverse=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u4f7f\u7528sort()\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
object_list.sort(key=lambda x: x.attribute, reverse=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u4ed6\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Student:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age, grade):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        self.grade = grade<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.2 \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
students = [<\/p>\n
    Student("Alice", 23, 88),<\/p>\n
    Student("Bob", 22, 75),<\/p>\n
    Student("Charlie", 23, 91),<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.3 \u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda x: x.grade)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u8fdb\u884c\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
students.sort(key=lambda x: x.age, reverse=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u6210\u7ee9\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u91cd\u6761\u4ef6\u6392\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda x: (x.age, x.grade))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49key\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528sorted()\u53casort()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u5e8f\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570key<\/code>\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4people<\/code>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aage<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u6392\u5e8f\uff1asorted(people, key=lambda person: person.age)<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0__lt__<\/code>\uff08\u5c0f\u4e8e\uff09\u3001__gt__<\/code>\uff08\u5927\u4e8e\uff09\u3001__eq__<\/code>\uff08\u7b49\u4e8e\uff09\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528sort()<\/code>\u6216sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9bkey<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u6839\u636ename<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49__lt__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u9006\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\uff1f<\/strong>
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