Joel Estacio

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-South La Union Campus, Institute of Community Health and Allied Medical Sciences, Faculty Member

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I am a faculty member at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University, La Union Philippines. I am Currently taking up Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing at Saint Louis University.
Address: Philippine, Philippines

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Papers by Joel Estacio

Cultural Competence Among Nursing Students in Three Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sigma Theta Tau International's 28th International Nursing Research Congress, Jun 29, 2017

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Bridge over troubled waters

Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1984

Altruistic Care Theory of Nursing (ACTON): Towards Health Equity through Nursing Practice

Philippine Journal of Nursing, 2018

Nursing as a complex system engages nurses at the heart of health care functions fostering their ... more Nursing as a complex system engages nurses at the heart of health care functions fostering their indispensable nature, especially in the public health environment. This paper is aimed at describing the Altruistic Care Theory of Nursing (ACTON), addressing the intricacy of nursing practice in health equity and health inequity matters. Nursing that is delivered as altruistic care can be performed by nurses through “internalizing and intervening behaviors” which include reflective processes that transcend traditional health care. “Nursing Interventions” are multifaceted and inclusive of individualized care. Altruistic Care Theory in Nursing may prove advantageous in addressing health inequity issues through human-to-human interactions with clients, co-workers, and other members of the health care team, and participating in collaborative and informed engagements.

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Health Equity in Nursing: A Concept Analysis

Rationale of the Study: The concept of primary health care has ignited efforts of health leaders ... more Rationale of the Study: The concept of primary health care has ignited efforts of health leaders to improve the health status of people worldwide. This impelled attempts to reduce inequities through policy changes and interagency collaborative participations. With nurses at the center of the healthcare delivery, they could contribute much to potentiate attainment of equity in health. However, little is known regarding the realization of the concept of health equity from the leaders in healthcare down to the healthcare workers. Research objectives/Problem statement: This concept analysis provides a thorough review of the concept of health equity in nursing and relatedness to healthcare and health practices. Methods: A concept analysis method described by Walker and Avant 1 was used to clarify the meaning of health equity in Nursing. The concept's attributes were determined through extensive literature search. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were constructed. Analysis was further done by identifying the antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of health equity. Results and Conclusions: Health Equity is attributed to adequate and appropriate distribution of health services which is closely linked to an opportunity to gain access to health services that is not affected by socioeconomic status or other factors. Establishment of relevant policies and effective promoting actions of health and non-health agencies are indispensable to realize health equity. Generally, it is believed that if there is health equity, there will be improvement of the heath status of people. It will yield greatest contributions to maintaining and preserving the rights of people in terms of their health and their right to be not deprived of services from vast network of health systems. Presence of which prevents disadvantaged groups to have greater disadvantage. The concept continues to be a major concern particularly in developing countries where socially disadvantaged population groups are at its highest. Implementation of universal healthcare may continue to be a challenge among health and non-health related organizations. Clearly, more intensive efforts are needed at various levels of policy development and implementation.

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Effect of Health Education on HbA1c Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

The Colors of Paradigms and Perspectives

Philippine Journal of Nursing, 2017

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Reflexivity and Research Methodology: A Second Glance

by Erlinda Palaganas and Joel Estacio

Philippine Journal of Nursing, 2021

As qualitative researchers, we are actively involved in the research process. We accept the fact ... more As qualitative researchers, we are actively involved in the research process. We accept the fact that we are the main instrument, thus are part of the social world we aim to understand. It entails self-awareness and as Parahoo (2006) posits, reflexivity, as a process, is an introspection on the role of subjectivity in the research that entails a continuous process of reflection by researchers on their values. It is also a process of recognizing, examining, and understanding how their "social background, location, and assumptions affect their research practice" Hesse-Biber, 2007, p.17). Reflexivity, as the abundant literature would indicate, is an elusive term, it is commonly used interchangeably with reflectivity, and even with critical reflection. In this paper, an attempt was made to rediscover how reflexivity has been utilized in various perspectives to define its position and role in the conduct of robust qualitative research. In the process, we would like to share and solicit perspectives on reflexivity as a process and as an output. This was done thru a review of literature and the integration and highlighting of reflexivity/reflexivities of various researchers arising from the various research that we have been involved with such as: the six-country multidisciplinary team lead by the Ottawa University based in Canada that undertook participatory research across Asia, Africa, and the Pacific to learn how poverty can be defined and measured; the five-country multidisciplinary team, led by the Australian National University, Australia; and various local interdisciplinary researches. These researches were conducted over three years or more, some in various stages using focused group interviews, key informant interviews, observations, ladder ranking using photographs, record reviews, surveys, and photovoice. We also included documented reflexivities of colleagues with whom we have worked with in various capacities. We analyzed these documents vis-à-vis the concern of the qualitative researcher to unravel how their personhood intersects with their experiences in the field. Indeed, revisiting reflexivity and research methods enlightens the rigor in traversing the pathways of knowledge generation in qualitative research.

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A Multicountry Perspective on Cultural Competence Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students

Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, Jan 29, 2017

To assess cultural competence among nursing students from nine countries to provide an internatio... more To assess cultural competence among nursing students from nine countries to provide an international perspective on cultural competence. A descriptive, cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of 2,163 nursing students from nine countries was surveyed using the Cultural Capacity Scale from April to November 2016. The study found a moderate range of cultural competence among the students. The ability to teach and guide other nursing colleagues to display culturally appropriate behavior received the highest competence rating, while the ability to discuss differences between the client's health beliefs or behaviors and nursing knowledge with each client received the lowest competence rating. Differences in cultural competence were observed between students from different countries. Country of residence, gender, age, year of study, attendance at cultural-related training, the experience of taking care of patients from culturally diverse backgrounds and patients belonging to spec...

Psychometric Evaluation of the Filipino Versions of the Duke University Religion Index and the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale in Filipino Hemodialysis Patients

Journal of religion and health, Jan 4, 2017

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Filipino versions of the Duke University ... more This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Filipino versions of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL-F) and the Spiritual Coping Strategies scale (SCS-F) for hemodialysis (HD) patients in the Philippines. A convenient sample of 162 HD patients was included in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The DUREL-F and SCS-F exhibited acceptable internal consistency and stability reliability, as well as excellent content and construct validity. The findings confirmed the soundness of the psychometric properties of the two scales. Thus, they can be used for timely and accurate assessment of religiosity and spiritual coping utilization among Filipino patients receiving HD.

Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study

Nurse Education Today, 2016

With the continued emigration of Filipino nurses and increasing globalization, there is a need fo... more With the continued emigration of Filipino nurses and increasing globalization, there is a need for globally competent nurses. Thus, the development of cultural competence among nursing students is critical in their preparation to assume their future responsibilities in the profession. This study investigated the predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines. This is a descriptive, cross-section study. This study included 332 Bachelor of Science in nursing students in three nursing schools situated in the northern Philippines. The Cultural Capacity Scale was used to gather data from the respondents. The demographic characteristics and cultural background of the students were entered in a regression analysis to predict their cultural competence. The respondents manifested appreciably good cultural competence with a mean score of 68.98±11.73. The ability to understand the beliefs of various cultural groups received the highest mean of 3.65±0.86, while the ability to identify the care needs of patients with diverse cultural backgrounds received the lowest (mean, 3.31±0.74). Living in an environment with culturally diverse people, prior diversity training, being in the latter years of the nursing program, and with experience of caring for patients from diverse cultures and special population groups, were identified as predictors, accounting for 68.1% of the variance of cultural competence. Nursing education should devise strategies to ensure future culturally competent Filipino nurses. Considering the fact that most of the Filipino nurses will potentially work overseas, they should be well prepared to provide competent care that is culturally sensitive.

The Colors of Paradigms and Perspectives: Recognizing Complexities, Contentions, and Transitions

Truth exists without question, but where and how to find it remains a challenge. In the course of... more Truth exists without question, but where and how to find it remains a challenge. In the course of history, people have been in a continuous quest to discover reality and meaning in existence, which is based on how the world actually is. In the realm of nursing, our scientific exploration has sparked evolution of paradigms and perspectives leading to processes of emerging complexities, contentions, and transitions throughout the previous decades. This paper aims to present my reflection on the development of paradigms and perspectives as a result of this unending academic expedition. In my seven years of work in the academe, I have always been passionate about human development, whose ultimate aim is to promote competency development that is appropriate and responds to the needs of the society. Working as an instructor in a university also opened up doors of opportunities and great challenges that allowed me to see beyond the world of nursing. Performing university functions together with those working in other disciplines and professionals in various areas of expertise provided rays of enlightenment in terms of commonalities and differences in knowledge. I view this as an opportunity for nursing to flourish given its current status as it seeks more independence in terms of establishing a strong and distinct theoretical foundation. Challenges among nurse scholars has been present for the past decades, but the recognition of these challenges can be the key to future developments that will enable continuous growth of knowledge base amidst the challenges. Nursing during the early times relied primarily on the fields of medicine and natural sciences. In the succeeding decades, most nurse scholars and nurse scientists have leaned on the positivist paradigm or the natural science model in their attempts to provide credible and acceptable contributions to this enlarging knowledge base. Positivism contends that the process of seeking new information is through the scientific method, and believes in one truth that can be searched best using an objective way (Holloway & Galvin, 2017; Denzin & Lincoln, 2013). The use of positivism in contributing to nursing science continues and is still evident until today. In

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Bridge over Troubled Waters

The demand for blood transfusion is a call of human survival and a response to the critical empha... more The demand for blood transfusion is a call of human survival and a response to the critical emphasis of replacement therapies dominating today's health care. As a widely practiced life-saving procedure, healthcare providers are guided to view this intervention as more than just a responsibility of checking blood bag numbers. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of persons who received blood transfusion therapy. This phenomenological study was conducted during the months of January and February 2013 using a face-to-face interview through a semistructured interview guide. Seven participants selected from patients in various hospitals in La Union, Philippines met the following criteria: 18 years old and above; medically stable; and those who voluntarily consent to the interview. Trustworthiness was established using the criteria by Lincoln and Guba (1985). Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analyzed using Benner's interpretive processes. Results highlighted major events that the recipients experienced such as their economic challenges represented in the clause "Building bridge over troubled waters" wherein like 'the troubled waters', the blood transfusion recipient, together with his family, becomes overwhelmed and with hopeful energy to move on is driven to search for available blood in different locations. The findings of the study are envisioned to foster quality human care for persons receiving replacement therapies. The potential benefit for healthcare workers as they strive to improve the quality of care through evidence-based practice is enhanced by their caring nursing encounters guided by the peculiar experiences of recipients of blood transfusions.

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Cultural Competence Among Nursing Students in Three Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sigma Theta Tau International's 28th International Nursing Research Congress, Jun 29, 2017

Download

Bridge over troubled waters

Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1984

Altruistic Care Theory of Nursing (ACTON): Towards Health Equity through Nursing Practice

Philippine Journal of Nursing, 2018

Download

Health Equity in Nursing: A Concept Analysis

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Effect of Health Education on HbA1c Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis