Papers by Marites Tiongco
Agricultural Economics, 2015
Ellefson/Improving Import Food Safety, 2012
ifpri.org
... central provinces (Nyikal et al. 2004; Azziz-Baumgartner et al. 2005; Probst et al 2007; Lewi... more ... central provinces (Nyikal et al. 2004; Azziz-Baumgartner et al. 2005; Probst et al 2007; Lewis et al. 2005; Stosnider et al. 2006; Siame and Nawa 2008). Acute aflatoxicosis can also occur in animals. In 1960, more than 100,000 ...
Mapping the flow of information along the poultry value chain is crucial for the identification o... more Mapping the flow of information along the poultry value chain is crucial for the identification of the actors to whom HPAI risks should be communicated. Each actor in the poultry sector, whether private and public, or formal or informal, has particular roles in the risk-communication process. Network mapping exercises help to identify the different actors involved in the poultry value chain, and to understand their roles, linkages, and influence in communicating disease risk information. Consequently, network mapping exercises were conducted with participants of multistakeholder workshops held in Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. The following questions were discussed: • What formal and informal actors, private/public, are involved in the live poultry value chain? • What are the flows of goods between various actors? • How does communication on disease information flow in the value chain? • Who in the value chain is influential in the communication of information about HPAI? • Wh...
T he world is entering a period of rapid change in how ani-mal products are produced, processed, ... more T he world is entering a period of rapid change in how ani-mal products are produced, processed, consumed, and marketed. Increasingly, the trends that have been observed in developed countries—scaling-up of production and increased concentration of large-scale operations with increased environ-mental problems—are becoming apparent in the developing coun-tries. With this trend, there has also been a movement of many small-scale producers out of the livestock sector. It is likely that developing countries will also experience the circumstance un-less policy makers can understand the negative consequence of allowing growth to occur in the same manner. It has been sug-gested that the reason for this is that small-scale producers can-This paper draws directly from Delgado and Narrod (2002) and Delgado, Narrod, and Tiongco (2003) and five underlying country reports by Costales et al., (2003), Mehta et al., (2003), Sharma et al. (2003), Poapongsakorn et al., (2003), and Camargo Barros et a...
Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics), 2011
Changes in livestock production, driven by both demand- and supply-side factors, have been signif... more Changes in livestock production, driven by both demand- and supply-side factors, have been significant worldwide. Though historically the developed world was a large supplier of meat and livestock for the developing world, the developing world has rapidly increased production and is meeting more of its growing domestic demand. Many regions of the developing world, however, do not produce enough currently to meet their domestic demand and continue to import more than they produce. There are exceptions, such as Brazil, Thailand, the People's Republic of China and India, where growth in livestock production has been rapid. It is anticipated that in the future many of the developing countries will increase domestic production to meet growing domestic demand. By 2030, beef will probably still be the most significant meat import of developing countries and milk will have more than doubled as a net export of the developed world.
Health and Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries, 2011
ABSTRACT Since its emergence, HPAI H5N1 strain has attracted considerable public and media attent... more ABSTRACT Since its emergence, HPAI H5N1 strain has attracted considerable public and media attention because the virus has been shown to be capable of causing fatal disease in humans. Although there is fear that the virus may mutate into a strain capable of sustained human-to-human transmission, the greatest impact to date has been on the highly diverse poultry industries in affected countries. In response to this, policies against HPAI have so far focused on implementing prevention, control, and eradication measures in poultry populations, with more than 175 million birds culled in Southeast Asia alone.
World's Poultry Science Journal, 2009
ABSTRACT This paper estimates the economic costs of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) to t... more ABSTRACT This paper estimates the economic costs of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) to the poultry industry at the farm and sub-sector levels, and examines the benefits of controlling and preventing the spread of HPAI in Ghana. The scare in 2006 and outbreaks in 2007 have affected consumption of poultry products such as chicken meat and eggs, which sharply dropped by 51% and 64%, respectively. Economic losses due to the HPAI threat, and outbreaks to rural and commercial poultry producers, including those of egg and live bird sellers, have been estimated at US$26.3 million. These losses are due to the destruction of infected eggs and day-old chicks and a drop in market prices (of up to 25%) of day-old chicks and eggs.A total of 40,727 birds from 35 farms died due to HPAI, of which 33% died naturally of the disease and 66% were culled. The Ghanan government spent US$160,000 in compensation paid to producers of culled birds; expenditures for containment of the disease at source and control measures to minimize risk of HPAI such as depopulation, decontamination. A ban on movement of poultry products between 2006 and 2007 amounted to US$ 4.3 million. These control measures eventually prevented the country losing 99.88% of its poultry stock, avoided economic losses valued at US$ 416 million.
Economics of Education Review, 2013
ABSTRACT This paper shows mutually consistent evidence to support female advantage in education a... more ABSTRACT This paper shows mutually consistent evidence to support female advantage in education and disadvantage in labor markets observed in the Philippines. We set up a model that shows multiple Nash equilibria to explain schooling and labor market behaviors for females and males. Our evidence from unique sibling data of schooling and work history and from the Philippine Labor Force Survey support that family arrangement to tighten commitment between daughters and parents keeps a high level of schooling investments in daughters. Because wage penalty to females in labor markets means that education is relatively important as a determinant of their earnings, parental investments in their daughters’ education has larger impacts on the income of their daughters than on their sons. Parents expect larger income shared from better-educated adult daughters. In contrast, males stay in an equilibrium, with low levels of schooling investment and income sharing.
EcoHealth, 2012
This article presents an integrated epidemiological and economic framework for assessing zoonoses... more This article presents an integrated epidemiological and economic framework for assessing zoonoses using a ''one health'' concept. The framework allows for an understanding of the cross-sector economic impact of zoonoses using modified risk analysis and detailing a range of analytical tools. The goal of the framework is to link the analysis outputs of animal and human disease transmission models, economic impact models and evaluation of risk management options to gain improved understanding of factors affecting the adoption of risk management strategies so that investment planning includes the most promising interventions (or sets of interventions) in an integrated fashion. A more complete understanding of the costs of the disease and the costs and benefits of control measures would promote broader implementation of the most efficient and effective control measures, contributing to improved animal and human health, better livelihood outcomes for the poor and macroeconomic growth.
Wide variations in climatic conditions from prolonged dry season to frequent occurrence of super ... more Wide variations in climatic conditions from prolonged dry season to frequent occurrence of super typhoons have significant impact on the Philippines, especially on rural poor households which depend heavily on agriculture and food production for subsistence and income. This paper provides a research framework that can be used to understand the dynamics between climate change and agriculture. The framework incorporates the effects of climate change on agricultural productivity, as well as the effects of agricultural activities and land use on climate change through the emission of greenhouse gasses. The framework uses three simulation models to analyse the impact of climate change: a global CGE model, a Philippine CGE model, and a Philippine poverty microsimulation model. JEL Classifications: C68, D58, Q540, O130
World Development, 2002
We investigate long-term productivity trends in a representative intensive rice cropping system u... more We investigate long-term productivity trends in a representative intensive rice cropping system using periodic farm level survey data spanning more than 20 years of the Green Revolution in two rice bowls of the Philippines. Estimation of production functions with year dummy variables shows substantial declines in productivity from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. Examination of secondary data shows, however, that the survey years were unrepresentative of long-term trends and were unduly influenced by exogenous yield shocks. Correction for these effects removes the productivity decline, but shows that productivity has stagnated. A renewed emphasis on increasing crop genetic yield potential may be necessary in order to improve productivity and restore the contribution of this important farming system to poverty alleviation. Ó
1 Effective January 2007, the Discussion Paper series within each division and the Director Gener... more 1 Effective January 2007, the Discussion Paper series within each division and the Director General's Office of IFPRI were merged into one IFPRI-wide Discussion Paper series. The new series begins with number 00689, reflecting the prior publication of 688 discussion papers within the dispersed series. The earlier series are available on IFPRI's website at www.ifpri.org/pubs/otherpubs.htm#dp. 2 IFPRI Discussion Papers contain preliminary material and research results. They have not been subject to formal external reviews managed by IFPRI's Publications Review Committee but have been reviewed by at least one internal and/or external reviewer. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment.
RIS is a New Delhi-based autonomous policy think-tank supported by the Government of India and de... more RIS is a New Delhi-based autonomous policy think-tank supported by the Government of India and devoted to trade and development issues. Its work programme focuses on policy research and capacity building on multilateral trade and financial negotiations, regional economic cooperation in Asia, South-South cooperation, new technologies and development, and strategic policy responses of developing countries to globalization, among other issues. The work of RIS is published in the form of research reports, books, discussion papers, policy briefs and journals.
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Papers by Marites Tiongco