This report present the results obained in the ROLL2RAIL project regarding radio channel characte... more This report present the results obained in the ROLL2RAIL project regarding radio channel characterization for T2T communications in railway environments.
2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017
Within the next decades the railway systems will change to fully autonomous high speed trains (HS... more Within the next decades the railway systems will change to fully autonomous high speed trains (HSTs). An increase in efficiency and safety and a reduction of costs would go hand in hand. Today's centralized railway management system and established regulations can not cope with trains driving within the absolute braking distance as it would be necessary for electronic coupling or platooning maneuvers. Hence, to ensure safety and reliability, new applications and changes in the train control and management are necessary. Such changes demand new reliable control communication links between train-to-train (T2T) and future developments on train-to-ground (T2G). T2G will be covered by long term evolution-railway (LTE-R) which shall replace today's global system for mobile communications-railway (GSM-R). The decentralized T2T communication is hardly investigated and no technology has been selected. This publication focuses on the wide band propagation for T2T scenarios and describes a extensive channel sounding measurement campaign with two HSTs. First results of T2T communication at high speed conditions in different environments are presented. Index Terms-train-to-train, high speed train, propagation, measurement.
Virtually-coupled Train Sets (VCTS), the equivalent of road vehicles platooning for railway, have... more Virtually-coupled Train Sets (VCTS), the equivalent of road vehicles platooning for railway, have attracted the attention in the last years of the industry due to their potential to increase the line capacity without massive investments in the infrastructure. The goal of this article is to reason out functional communication requirements for virtually-coupled train sets using a bottom-up approach and introduce challenges of the railway domain to readers of the communication community. Three different VCTS configurations in terms of sensor and communication concepts are presented and quantitative examples of communication requirements are given for different application scenarios. To conclude, the ability of some technologies candidates to fit these requirements is analyzed and compared in relation to each application scenarios. Index Termsvirtually-coupled train sets, communication requirements, real-time communication.
This paper presents an overview of communication systems in mainline railways and in particular t... more This paper presents an overview of communication systems in mainline railways and in particular the Train Communication Network TCN defined in IEC 61375. Current systems and ongoing developments are systematized by traffic, technological and organizational topics. TCN is displayed in detail with a prospect to possible future wireless extensions.
Train-to-train communication will be the key technology for future railway operation. An increase... more Train-to-train communication will be the key technology for future railway operation. An increase of safety and efficiency can be achieved by exchanging data between trains via ad hoc networks. For vehicle-to-vehicle communication the European standard is intelligent transport systems (ITS-G5). The usage of this standard for railways is hardly investigated. We investigate the performance of ITS-G5 for trainto-train communication at high speed conditions. ITS-G5 units were installed on two high speed trains and train-to-train (T2T) measurements were performed between Naples and Rome during four nights to cover different maneuvers. We present the analysis of the measurements data and resulting path loss models for tunnel and open field environments.
PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)
In this paper we present the results of satellite navigation multipath channel measurements for a... more In this paper we present the results of satellite navigation multipath channel measurements for aeronautical applications. For the most critical scenario-the final approach, we derived a statistical channel model which we describe in detail.
In this paper we present first statistical results of a high resolution measurement campaign, inv... more In this paper we present first statistical results of a high resolution measurement campaign, investigating the environment of satellite navigation receivers for land mobile applications, where reflections from buildings etc. decrease the accuracy of the positioning.
Real time curvature classification is crucial for all train localization problems. A reliable met... more Real time curvature classification is crucial for all train localization problems. A reliable method to detected the track taken by the train after a switch is necessary and essential for train collision avoidance systems. At a larger scale, this should be included in a global surveillance system. In this paper, we discuss three possible track curvature detection methods based on two accelerometers and one gyroscope. We define and analyze corresponding test statistics that determine the actual track curvature. Given system safety requirements, i.e., maximum allowable probabilities of false alert and miss-detection, we derive a minimum detectable curvature difference (MDCD) between two possible tracks and compare these values with standard curvatures used in Germany. In this paper, it is shown that these MDCDs strongly depend on the sensor quality (for which an analytical form of the Gaussian error overbound of the sensor error is derived) and on the train dynamics (velocity). This analysis shows for two detectors very promising results and suggests a possible optimal combination of their test statistics.
In 2002 the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) performed a measurement campaign of the land mobile mul... more In 2002 the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) performed a measurement campaign of the land mobile multipath channel. From this data a channel model was derived that is synthesising the measured channel impulse response. It allows the realistic simulation of the multipath channel by approximating every single reflection. This model includes time variant reflectors approaching and receding in dependency of the azimuth and elevation of the satellite. All the signal processing had been realised independently of the transmitted signal. Therefore the usability for both, navigation systems (GPS as well as GALILEO) and wideband communication systems is given.
Andreas Lehner was born in Gmunden, Austria in 1973. He studied Mechatronics at the Johannes Kepl... more Andreas Lehner was born in Gmunden, Austria in 1973. He studied Mechatronics at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz. Since 2001 he is a research scientist at the Institute for Communications and Navigation at the German Aerospace Center DLR. In 2007 he received a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. His research and project work focuses on analysis of multipath and interference effects in satellite navigation systems, and the design of inter-vehicle communication systems. Alexander Steingaß was born in Mettmann, Germany in 1969. He received his Dipl. Ing. diploma in Electrical Engineering in 1997 (University of Ulm, Germany). Since then he has been a research scientist at the German Aerospace Center DLR-Institute of Communications and Navigation. He has been involved in several projects in the area of satellite navigation and location-dependent mobile services. In 2002, he was promoted to Dr. Ing. at the University of Essen.
This report present the results obained in the ROLL2RAIL project regarding radio channel characte... more This report present the results obained in the ROLL2RAIL project regarding radio channel characterization for T2T communications in railway environments.
2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017
Within the next decades the railway systems will change to fully autonomous high speed trains (HS... more Within the next decades the railway systems will change to fully autonomous high speed trains (HSTs). An increase in efficiency and safety and a reduction of costs would go hand in hand. Today's centralized railway management system and established regulations can not cope with trains driving within the absolute braking distance as it would be necessary for electronic coupling or platooning maneuvers. Hence, to ensure safety and reliability, new applications and changes in the train control and management are necessary. Such changes demand new reliable control communication links between train-to-train (T2T) and future developments on train-to-ground (T2G). T2G will be covered by long term evolution-railway (LTE-R) which shall replace today's global system for mobile communications-railway (GSM-R). The decentralized T2T communication is hardly investigated and no technology has been selected. This publication focuses on the wide band propagation for T2T scenarios and describes a extensive channel sounding measurement campaign with two HSTs. First results of T2T communication at high speed conditions in different environments are presented. Index Terms-train-to-train, high speed train, propagation, measurement.
Virtually-coupled Train Sets (VCTS), the equivalent of road vehicles platooning for railway, have... more Virtually-coupled Train Sets (VCTS), the equivalent of road vehicles platooning for railway, have attracted the attention in the last years of the industry due to their potential to increase the line capacity without massive investments in the infrastructure. The goal of this article is to reason out functional communication requirements for virtually-coupled train sets using a bottom-up approach and introduce challenges of the railway domain to readers of the communication community. Three different VCTS configurations in terms of sensor and communication concepts are presented and quantitative examples of communication requirements are given for different application scenarios. To conclude, the ability of some technologies candidates to fit these requirements is analyzed and compared in relation to each application scenarios. Index Termsvirtually-coupled train sets, communication requirements, real-time communication.
This paper presents an overview of communication systems in mainline railways and in particular t... more This paper presents an overview of communication systems in mainline railways and in particular the Train Communication Network TCN defined in IEC 61375. Current systems and ongoing developments are systematized by traffic, technological and organizational topics. TCN is displayed in detail with a prospect to possible future wireless extensions.
Train-to-train communication will be the key technology for future railway operation. An increase... more Train-to-train communication will be the key technology for future railway operation. An increase of safety and efficiency can be achieved by exchanging data between trains via ad hoc networks. For vehicle-to-vehicle communication the European standard is intelligent transport systems (ITS-G5). The usage of this standard for railways is hardly investigated. We investigate the performance of ITS-G5 for trainto-train communication at high speed conditions. ITS-G5 units were installed on two high speed trains and train-to-train (T2T) measurements were performed between Naples and Rome during four nights to cover different maneuvers. We present the analysis of the measurements data and resulting path loss models for tunnel and open field environments.
PLANS 2004. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37556)
In this paper we present the results of satellite navigation multipath channel measurements for a... more In this paper we present the results of satellite navigation multipath channel measurements for aeronautical applications. For the most critical scenario-the final approach, we derived a statistical channel model which we describe in detail.
In this paper we present first statistical results of a high resolution measurement campaign, inv... more In this paper we present first statistical results of a high resolution measurement campaign, investigating the environment of satellite navigation receivers for land mobile applications, where reflections from buildings etc. decrease the accuracy of the positioning.
Real time curvature classification is crucial for all train localization problems. A reliable met... more Real time curvature classification is crucial for all train localization problems. A reliable method to detected the track taken by the train after a switch is necessary and essential for train collision avoidance systems. At a larger scale, this should be included in a global surveillance system. In this paper, we discuss three possible track curvature detection methods based on two accelerometers and one gyroscope. We define and analyze corresponding test statistics that determine the actual track curvature. Given system safety requirements, i.e., maximum allowable probabilities of false alert and miss-detection, we derive a minimum detectable curvature difference (MDCD) between two possible tracks and compare these values with standard curvatures used in Germany. In this paper, it is shown that these MDCDs strongly depend on the sensor quality (for which an analytical form of the Gaussian error overbound of the sensor error is derived) and on the train dynamics (velocity). This analysis shows for two detectors very promising results and suggests a possible optimal combination of their test statistics.
In 2002 the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) performed a measurement campaign of the land mobile mul... more In 2002 the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) performed a measurement campaign of the land mobile multipath channel. From this data a channel model was derived that is synthesising the measured channel impulse response. It allows the realistic simulation of the multipath channel by approximating every single reflection. This model includes time variant reflectors approaching and receding in dependency of the azimuth and elevation of the satellite. All the signal processing had been realised independently of the transmitted signal. Therefore the usability for both, navigation systems (GPS as well as GALILEO) and wideband communication systems is given.
Andreas Lehner was born in Gmunden, Austria in 1973. He studied Mechatronics at the Johannes Kepl... more Andreas Lehner was born in Gmunden, Austria in 1973. He studied Mechatronics at the Johannes Kepler University in Linz. Since 2001 he is a research scientist at the Institute for Communications and Navigation at the German Aerospace Center DLR. In 2007 he received a PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. His research and project work focuses on analysis of multipath and interference effects in satellite navigation systems, and the design of inter-vehicle communication systems. Alexander Steingaß was born in Mettmann, Germany in 1969. He received his Dipl. Ing. diploma in Electrical Engineering in 1997 (University of Ulm, Germany). Since then he has been a research scientist at the German Aerospace Center DLR-Institute of Communications and Navigation. He has been involved in several projects in the area of satellite navigation and location-dependent mobile services. In 2002, he was promoted to Dr. Ing. at the University of Essen.
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