{"id":23948,"date":"2026-04-01T19:44:51","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T17:44:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/?p=23948"},"modified":"2026-04-20T20:15:21","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T18:15:21","slug":"bosnascape-du-texte-au-territoire-un-gazetier-et-un-websig-pour-la-bosnie-ottomane-xve-xixe-siecles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/23948","title":{"rendered":"BosnaScape &#8211; Du texte au territoire, un gazetier et un WebSIG pour la Bosnie ottomane (XVe-XIXe si\u00e8cles)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Ce billet pr\u00e9sente bri\u00e8vement un des projets-c\u0153urs du consortium distam+. <\/em>[in English below]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce projet est port\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/research.flw.ugent.be\/en\/vincent.therouin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vincent Th\u00e9rouin<\/a>, actuellement postdoctorant \u00e0 l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 de Gand (Belgique) au sein du projet <a href=\"https:\/\/research.flw.ugent.be\/en\/projects\/islamic-endowments-waqf-and-state-formation-ottoman-empire-1450-1650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ERC OttoWaqf<\/a>. BosnaScape r\u00e9sulte d&#8217;un constat, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019une th\u00e8se et partag\u00e9 plus largement au sein de la communaut\u00e9 Distam : la reconstruction des paysages m\u00e9di\u00e9vaux ou modernes en contexte ar\u00e9al souffre de plusieurs \u00e9cueils dans sa cha\u00eene de traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019une part, l\u2019identification et la localisation des toponymes restent des processus manuels particuli\u00e8rement fastidieux et chronophages. Ces processus consistent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 croiser des sources textuelles (principal r\u00e9servoir de donn\u00e9es toponymiques) dat\u00e9es des \u00e9poques m\u00e9di\u00e9vale ou moderne, avec les premi\u00e8res cartes scientifiques (souvent coloniales), r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 partir du XIXe si\u00e8cle. D\u2019autre part, une fois les informations extraites de ces divers supports documentaires, les toponymes align\u00e9s et le paysage mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 dans un SIG, les donn\u00e9es ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement conserv\u00e9es qu\u2019en local et restent tributaires des outils propri\u00e9taires, largement diffus\u00e9s. Ainsi, le fruit d\u2019un long travail de reconstruction d\u2019un paysage pass\u00e9 demeure inaccessible \u00e0 la communaut\u00e9, et risque m\u00eame de faire l\u2019objet d\u2019un nouveau processus d\u2019extraction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure du big data et de la science ouverte, il est donc urgent de penser l\u2019automatisation de l\u2019extraction des toponymes (voire de leur alignement), tout en inscrivant la d\u00e9marche g\u00e9ohistorique dans une perspective FAIR, via la cr\u00e9ation de WebSIG libres adapt\u00e9s aux particularit\u00e9s des contextes ar\u00e9aux. Consid\u00e9rant une cha\u00eene de traitement dans son ensemble, le projet BosnaScape entend contribuer \u00e0 la lev\u00e9e de plusieurs verrous conceptuels ou techniques dans le cadre de distam+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le choix de la Bosnie ottomane (XVe-XIXe si\u00e8cle) n\u2019est pas anodin : partir des \u00e9tablissements habit\u00e9s (villes et villages) de ce territoire permet de disposer de deux corpus documentaires particuli\u00e8rement riches en information toponymique. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un corpus de textes (une s\u00e9rie de registres fiscaux), qui documentent finement le territoire \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode moderne, mais aussi d\u2019un corpus de cartes proposant une couverture int\u00e9grale de la r\u00e9gion (\u00e9chelle 1\/75000e, fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle), ce qui est exceptionnel pour un contexte ar\u00e9al. Alors que la majorit\u00e9 des projets en Digital Ottoman Studies portant sur l\u2019espace concerne essentiellement les p\u00e9riodes tardives (XIXe si\u00e8cle &#8211; d\u00e9but du XXe si\u00e8cle) et recourent massivement aux outils propri\u00e9taires, BosnaScape constitue donc un projet pionnier d\u2019extraction, d\u2019exposition et de valorisation d\u2019un corpus de donn\u00e9es ancr\u00e9es dans un temps plus long, et dont la disponibilit\u00e9 et la r\u00e9utilisation pourra contribuer \u00e0 promouvoir les approches spatiales en \u00e9tudes ottomanes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Volet 1 : BosnaCityscape<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Un premier volet a pour objectif d\u2019exposer et de rendre FAIR un SIG r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en local dans le cadre d\u2019une th\u00e8se (2020-2025) sur les processus d\u2019urbanisation et de recomposition territoriale men\u00e9s par les Ottomans en Bosnie entre le XVe si\u00e8cle et le XIXe si\u00e8cle. Les trajectoires urbaines de 4 sites ont \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9es : Sarajevo, Rogatica et Mrkonji\u0107 Grad (fond\u00e9es par les Ottomans) et Jajce (r\u00e9occupation d\u2019un site m\u00e9di\u00e9val). Les lieux de culte (mosqu\u00e9es congr\u00e9gationnelles, oratoires, \u00e9glises ou synagogues) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9s au centre de la collecte, de l\u2019alignement et de l\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es, car ils structuraient \u00e0 la fois les quartiers urbains et les r\u00e9seaux territoriaux. Guid\u00e9 par le recours \u00e0 un SIG, le travail a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 compiler, aligner puis spatialiser les donn\u00e9es architecturales, d\u00e9mographiques et \u00e9conomiques pour chaque quartier, dans le but d\u2019observer leur \u00e9volution sur le temps long et \u00e0 travers l\u2019espace. 4 SIG distincts ont donc \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans un environnement propri\u00e9taire (logiciel ArcGIS). BosnaCityscape apportera donc les donn\u00e9es n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la mise en place de la preuve de concept \u00ab G\u00e9oNakala \u00bb d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par distam+, puis d\u2019un WebSIG libre appuy\u00e9 sur cet entrep\u00f4t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Volet 2 : BosnaLandscape<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Un second volet entend quant \u00e0 lui r\u00e9appliquer \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble du territoire la m\u00e9thodologie jusqu\u2019alors employ\u00e9e en contexte urbain, pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment \u00e9voqu\u00e9e. BosnaLandscape a d\u2019ailleurs b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019un accompagnent num\u00e9rique de Distam (2025). Dans le cadre de ce second volet, il s\u2019agira de r\u00e9aliser l\u2019extraction automatique des toponymes et de s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux possibilit\u00e9s d\u2019une automatisation de leur alignement. \u00c0 partir des corpus cartographique (cadastre austro-hongrois) et textuel (registres fiscaux), il s\u2019agit de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019extraction de toponymes, lesquels se pr\u00e9sentent sous des formes distinctes, ottomane dans les registres fiscaux (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire transcrite en caract\u00e8res ottomans) et serbo-croate sur les cartes (en caract\u00e8res latins). L\u2019extraction a donc deux enjeux : d\u2019une part, d\u00e9velopper un mod\u00e8le ATR pour les registres fiscaux en ottoman (compos\u00e9 en \u00e9criture <em>siyakat<\/em>, dont l\u2019emploi se limite \u00e0 la documentation administrative) et, d\u2019autre part, adapter un mod\u00e8le OCR pour les cartes (pour rem\u00e9dier aux d\u00e9formations que ce support induit). Pour chaque registre fiscal et pour l\u2019ensemble des cartes, une table inventoriant les toponymes (gazetier) sera produite, mais restera encore un \u00e9l\u00e9ment isol\u00e9. Il faudra ensuite proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019alignement des toponymes, une op\u00e9ration qui pourrait \u00eatre automatis\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration automatique de translitt\u00e9rations. Finalement, l\u2019identification des lieux sur le temps long visera \u00e0 constituer le mat\u00e9riau de base d\u2019une future base de donn\u00e9es sur le territoire de la Bosnie ottomane, \u00e0 laquelle seront associ\u00e9es les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9mographiques des registres fiscaux. Ce projet entend produire une preuve de concept permettant d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer et de fiabiliser l\u2019identification des toponymes anciens en contexte ar\u00e9al, et s\u2019attachera \u00e0 rendre sa d\u00e9marche reproductible.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/files\/2026\/04\/illustration-500x340.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24768\" style=\"width:676px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/files\/2026\/04\/illustration-500x340.png 500w, https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/files\/2026\/04\/illustration-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/files\/2026\/04\/illustration-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/files\/2026\/04\/illustration-1536x1044.png 1536w, https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/files\/2026\/04\/illustration.png 1650w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Captures d&#8217;\u00e9cran des r\u00e9sultats des tests d&#8217;ATR sur les cartes austro-hongroises, r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par des \u00e9tudiants de Chahan Vidal-Gor\u00e8ne (\u00c9cole nationale des chartes &#8211; PSL), mai 2025<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objectifs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Apports scientifiques:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mise en ligne de jeux de donn\u00e9es spatialis\u00e9es (rasters et vecteurs) in\u00e9dites<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Participer \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019un WebSIG libre appelant les donn\u00e9es d\u00e9pos\u00e9es dans Nakala<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mise en place d\u2019une cha\u00eene de traitement consid\u00e9rant plusieurs supports (textes et cartes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contribuer \u00e0 la pr\u00e9cision de mod\u00e8le OCR latins existants via le support sp\u00e9cifique que constitue les cartes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9velopper un mod\u00e8le ATR pour l\u2019\u00e9criture <em>siyakat<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>R\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la transition d\u2019un alignement manuel des toponymiques \u00e0 une d\u00e9marche automatis\u00e9e, en pensant notamment \u00e0 la relation entre formes latinis\u00e9es et non-latines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jeux de donn\u00e9es:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Donn\u00e9es format raster : 4 plans parcellaires g\u00e9or\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s (Sarajevo, Jajce, Rogatica, Mrkonji\u0107 Grad)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Donn\u00e9es format vecteur : parcellaire fin XIXe s. vectoris\u00e9 (polygones), p\u00f4les de quartier de la p\u00e9riode moderne (points et table attributaire associ\u00e9e), donn\u00e9es d\u00e9mographiques par quartier (points et table attributaire associ\u00e9e) pour les 4 villes \u00e9tudi\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gazetier (format CSV) issu de cartes du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gazetiers (format CSV) issus de 7 registres fiscaux<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Base de toponymes align\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Domaines dans distam+ :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Acquisition, mod\u00e9lisation et partage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spatialit\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mots clefs :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>cartes, inventaires, gazetiers, SIG, territoire, Empire ottoman, Bosnie, p\u00e9riode m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, p\u00e9riode moderne<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Personnes r\u00e9f\u00e9rentes et institution de rattachement :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/research.flw.ugent.be\/en\/vincent.therouin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vincent Th\u00e9rouin<\/a> (Universit\u00e9 de Gand, ERC OttoWaqf)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BosnaScape \u2013 From Text to Territory: A Gazetteer and a WebGIS for Ottoman Bosnia (15th\u201319th Centuries)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This project is led by <a href=\"https:\/\/research.flw.ugent.be\/en\/vincent.therouin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vincent Th\u00e9rouin<\/a>, currently a postdoctoral researcher at Ghent University in the ERC project <a href=\"https:\/\/research.flw.ugent.be\/en\/projects\/islamic-endowments-waqf-and-state-formation-ottoman-empire-1450-1650\">Ottowaqf<\/a>. Bosnascape emerged from an observation, first made at the end of a doctoral dissertation and subsequently discussed within the Distam community, concerning the reconstruction of medieval and early modern landscapes in area studies contexts: the standard processing pipeline faces a number of recurring and significant obstacles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the one hand, identifying and geolocating toponyms remain particularly slow and labour-intensive manual tasks. They usally involve cross-referencing textual sources (which are the primary repository of toponymic data from the medieval and early modern periods) with the earliest scientific maps, which were often produced in colonial contexts, from the 19th century onwards. On the other hand, once the relevant information has been extracted, the toponyms aligned, and the landscape modelled within a GIS, the resulting datasets are generally kept locally and depend largelly on proprietary softwares. The outcome of what is often a lengthy reconstruction effort thus remains inaccessible to the wider research community, and risks being duplicated from scratch by other scholars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br \/>In an era of big data and open science, there is therefore a pressing need to automate toponym extraction (and ideally alignment), as well as incribing geohistorical research within a FAIR framework, through the development of open-source WebGIS platforms suited to area studies contexts. Considering the processing chain in its entirety, BosnaScape aims to contribute to address conceptual and technical constraints with the support of distam+.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br \/>Ottoman Bosnia (15th\u201319th centuries) presents a favourable environment, as starting from its settlements (cities and villages) gives access to two exceptionally rich documentary corpora. The first is a textual corpus consisting of fiscal registers that describe the territory in considerable detail throughout the early modern period. The second is a cartographic corpus providing full coverage of the region at a scale of 1:75,000 (late 19th century), which is remarkable for an area studies context. While most digital Ottoman studies projects focusing on spatial questions concentrate on the later periods (19th and early 20th century) and rely heavily on proprietary tools, BosnaScape undertakes a pioneering effort to extract and publish a set of data rooted in a longer time frame. Its openness and reusability will also help foster spatial approaches in Ottoman studies more broadly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br \/>Component 1: BosnaCityscape<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><br \/>The first component, called BosnaCityscape, aims to publish and make FAIR a GIS developed locally during a doctoral dissertation (2020\u20132025) focusing on Ottoman urbanisation and territorial reorganisation in Bosnia, between the 15th and 19th centuries. Urban trajectories of four sites were examined: Sarajevo, Rogatica, and Mrkoji\u0107 Grad (founded by the Ottomans) and Jajce (a reoccupied medieval site). Places of worship (such as congregational mosques, neighbourhood mosques, churches, and synagogues) were placed at the centre of data collection, alignment, and analysis, since they structured urban neighbourhoods as well as broader territorial networks. Using a GIS-based approach, the work involved compiling, aligning, and mapping architectural, demographic, and economic data for each neighbourhood, in order to trace their development over time and across space. Four separate GIS databases were produced in a proprietary environment (ArcGIS). BosnaCityscape will supply the data needed for the distam+ \u201cG\u00e9oNakala\u201d proof of concept and for the subsequent open-source WebGIS built on that repository.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br \/>Component 2: BosnaLandscape<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><br \/>The second component, called BosnaLandscape, extends the methodology developed in urban contexts to the territory as a whole. BosnaLandscape has received initial support from Distam in 2025. Its central objectives are the automatic extraction of toponyms and an exploration of how their alignment might likewise be automated. Working from both the cartographic corpus (the Austro-Hungarian cadastre) and the textual corpus (fiscal registers), the project aims to extract toponyms that appear in distinct languages and scripts: in Ottoman in the fiscal registers (written in <em>siyakat<\/em> script, used exclusively in administrative documents) and in Serbo-Croatian (in Latin characters) on the maps. Extraction therefore presents two distinct challenges: developing an ATR model for the Ottoman fiscal registers, and adapting existing OCR models for the maps. Each fiscal register and the full set of maps will provide inputs for a source-based index of toponyms (i.e. a gazetteer). This gazetteer will, however, stand as an isolated output. For this reason, a following step should be toponym alignment, a process that could be automated through the automatic generation of transliterations. The identification of place names on the <em>longue dur\u00e9e<\/em> will ultimately provide the foundation for a database on Ottoman Bosnian territory, linked to the demographic data contained in the fiscal registers. All in all, BosnaScape aims to produce a proof of concept that accelerates and improves the reliability of historical toponym identification in area studies contexts, and will be designed to be fully reproducible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br \/>Objectives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br \/>Scientific Contributions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Publishing original spatialised datasets (rasters and vectors)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contributing to the development of an open-source WebGIS drawing on data deposited in Nakala<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Building a processing pipeline that integrates multiple source types (texts and maps)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Refining existing Latin-script OCR models through the specific challenges posed by historical maps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Developing an ATR model for siyakat script<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exploring the transition from manual to automated toponym alignment, with particular focus on the relationship between Latinised and non-Latin forms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Datasets<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Raster data: 4 georeferenced cadastral plans (Sarajevo, Jajce, Rogatica, Mrkoji\u0107 Grad)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vector data: late 19th-century vectorised cadastral layer (polygons), neighbourhood centres from the early modern period (points and associated attribute tables), demographic data by neighbourhood (points and associated attribute tables) for the four cities studied<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gazetteer (CSV) derived from 19th-century maps<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gazetteers (CSV) derived from 7 fiscal registers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aligned toponym database<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Domains within distam+<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Acquisition, modelling, and sharing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spatiality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keywords<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Maps, inventories, gazetteers, GIS, territory, Ottoman Empire, Bosnia, medieval period, early modern period<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principal Investigator and Institutional Affiliation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/research.flw.ugent.be\/en\/vincent.therouin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vincent Th\u00e9rouin<\/a> (Ghent University, ERC OttoWaqf)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Banni\u00e8re: De gauche \u00e0 droite : d\u00e9tail du registre fiscal MC. Yz. O. 76, dat\u00e9 1468\/1469, f. 145r (\u0130MM Atat\u00fcrk Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131); capture d&#8217;\u00e9cran de la couche de points SIG \u00e9labor\u00e9e \u00e0 partir du m\u00eame registre; d\u00e9tail de la planche 64-62 &#8220;Zone 30. Col. XX. Rogatica&#8221;, K.u.K. Milit\u00e4rgeographisches Institut, 1912 (New York Public Library)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ce billet pr\u00e9sente bri\u00e8vement un des projets-c\u0153urs du consortium distam+. [in English below] R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Ce projet est port\u00e9 par Vincent Th\u00e9rouin, actuellement postdoctorant \u00e0 l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 de Gand (Belgique) au sein du projet ERC OttoWaqf. BosnaScape r\u00e9sulte d&#8217;un constat, r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019issue d\u2019une th\u00e8se et partag\u00e9 plus largement au sein de&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91828,"featured_media":24756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_license":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[680],"tags":[490,346],"ppma_author":[679],"class_list":["post-23948","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-projets-coeurs","tag-cartes","tag-sig"],"authors":[{"term_id":679,"user_id":91828,"is_guest":0,"slug":"nlucas","display_name":"nlucas","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/fcab1b2b5af9056149ab598a911a89a822e7452194c917c9f81d4338b59d4296?s=96&d=blank&r=g","1":"","2":"","3":"","4":"","5":"","6":"","7":"","8":""}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23948","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/91828"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23948"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24875,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23948\/revisions\/24875"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23948"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/distam.hypotheses.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=23948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}