Sn ringiaziamo ta l ealn o che, a uwis titoLo, harma sa[Iabar,ato aila realizzazianc deil'iniziaf... more Sn ringiaziamo ta l ealn o che, a uwis titoLo, harma sa[Iabar,ato aila realizzazianc deil'iniziafrits..
The River Po was also in Late Antiquity an important commercial route and, through its river netw... more The River Po was also in Late Antiquity an important commercial route and, through its river network, trade still reached northern Italian markets. However, between the 4th and 7th centuries trade was affected by the great political and socio-economic changes in place. New finds of amphorae from North Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Italy from excavations and survey conducted along the southern branch of the Po delta, connected to Ravenna and Classe by the fossa Augusta, and in the ager of Mutina (Modena), now contribute to better define some dynamics of this trade. The analysis of these two areas, which during the historical processes of the 4th and 7th centuries differed considerably, also allowed the highlighting of elements of continuity, crisis and change.
TRADE. Transformations of Adriatic Europe (2nd – 9th century), 2023
Issues related to the transformation of Late Antique fortresses on the east coast of the Adriatic... more Issues related to the transformation of Late Antique fortresses on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea: the example of the Benedictine monastery of Sts. Cosmas and Damian located on the hill Ćokovac, on the island of Pašman ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 134 Josipa Baraka Perica and Božana Maletić Stivanje field in Telašćica Nature Park-from Antiquity into the Middle Ages ����������������������������������������������144 Jona Petešić Crkvišće-Bukovlje near Generalski Stol-Late Antique hillfort. Results of the 2012-2015 excavations ��������148
Pondera antiqua et mediaevalia II (eds. by L. Delanaye and C. Doyen), 2022
This book benefited from a contribution of the Association Professeur Marcel Hoc, the Centre d'ét... more This book benefited from a contribution of the Association Professeur Marcel Hoc, the Centre d'étude des mondes antiques (CEMA), and the Institut des civilisations, arts et lettres (INCAL). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, adapted or translated, in any form or by any means, in any country, without the prior permission of Presses universitaires de Louvain.
Roman Pottery and Glass Manufactures. Production and trade in the Adriatic region and beyond. Proceedings of the 4th International Archaeological Colloquium (Crikvenica, 8-9 November 2017), 2022
To understand the productive and commercial success of some goods, such as ceramics, it is necess... more To understand the productive and commercial success of some goods, such as ceramics, it is necessary to observe more generally the economic context in which they are located. In order to balance the overall picture, particular attention should then be given to the goods that are most difficult to trace in the archaeological record, such as wool and textiles. Finally, the presence of supra-regional marketplaces can make the difference in outlining the economic dynamics. The case represented by Mutina (Modena), well-known for its wool and pottery production in Roman times, and by the Campi Macri (Magreta, Modena), seat of an important cattle fair in the Republican and Early Imperial age, offers the opportunity to investigate the relationships that have been established between production and marketing of these two goods as well as their evolution over time.
Drainages with amphorae are very widespread in the Roman world and even in Parma they are well do... more Drainages with amphorae are very widespread in the Roman world and even in Parma they are well documented. The excavation of one of these drainages, carried out along the road to the Roman harbour of Brixellum, has returned numerous transport containers, including amphorae from Northern Italy, Picenum and Istria. These are mainly Dressel 6A (for wine) and Dressel 6B (for oil), also with stamps and one with titulus pictus. In particular, the epigraphic-archaeological analysis of these containers allowed to explore aspects related to the activity of figlinae and marketing procedures, as well to learn more about the consumption of the Roman city and the size of goods’ distribution network in Northern Italy.
Itinéraires d’homme, trajectoires d’objects. Mélanges offerts à Daniele Vitali, 2021
The mobility of people, voluntary or induced, institutionally programmed or
left to personal init... more The mobility of people, voluntary or induced, institutionally programmed or left to personal initiative, with temporary or longer lasting effects, produced even in Cisalpine Gaul a constantly evolving socio-cultural context. From the beginning, spontaneous migratory flows joined the movements connected to the policy of colonization promoted by the Roman government. They also included individuals who circulated freely between the two banks of the Po river. Traces of mobility from the Transpadana have been identified in the city of Mutina (Modena), between the late Republic and the early Imperial period, thanks to the analysis of material culture when it’s properly contextualized. /
La mobilité des personnes, qu’elle soit volontaire ou induite, planifiée par les institutions ou laissée à l’initiative personnelle, avec des effets temporaires ou à plus long terme, a produit aussi en Gaule Cisalpine un contexte socioculturel en constante évolution. Aux mouvements effectués dans le cadre de la politique de colonisation promue par le gouvernement romain s’ajoutent dès le départ des flux migratoires spontanés, incluant également de personnes qui circulaient librement entre les deux rives du Pô. Grâce à l’analyse de la culture matérielle, convenablement contextualisée, des traces de mobilité depuis la Transpadane ont ainsi pu être clairement identifiées à Mutina (Modène), entre la fin de l’époque républicaine et le début de l’époque impériale.
Instrumenta inscripata VIII. Plumbum litteratum. Studia epigraphica Giovanni Mennella oblata, 2021
Inscriptions on lead weights and aequipondia, as, more generally, inscriptions on weighing instru... more Inscriptions on lead weights and aequipondia, as, more generally, inscriptions on weighing instruments, can be grouped mainly in four functional categories: official standard weights, inscriptions concerning the weight of the object, ownership inscriptions and production inscriptions. They well represent the complexity of the economic-commercial dynamics that toke shape in Augustan time, between the coexistence of marketplaces with different traditions and the desire for control and regulation by the central power.
Instrumenta inscripata VIII. Plumbum litteratum. Studia epigraphica Giovanni Mennella oblata, 2021
Various types of vessels were used to market medicamenta and aromata in Roman times. These includ... more Various types of vessels were used to market medicamenta and aromata in Roman times. These include also lead miniature amphorae, often decorated and inscribed, spread from the eastern Mediterranean to the northern provinces of the Empire. Many of these small vessels come from the antiquities market, so generally the archaeological context of finds and often the origin are unknown. For this reason, every new discovery, such as those from Modena area, can provide valuable input to define the aspects related to the production, marketing and especially dating of these objects.
Sn ringiaziamo ta l ealn o che, a uwis titoLo, harma sa[Iabar,ato aila realizzazianc deil'iniziaf... more Sn ringiaziamo ta l ealn o che, a uwis titoLo, harma sa[Iabar,ato aila realizzazianc deil'iniziafrits..
The River Po was also in Late Antiquity an important commercial route and, through its river netw... more The River Po was also in Late Antiquity an important commercial route and, through its river network, trade still reached northern Italian markets. However, between the 4th and 7th centuries trade was affected by the great political and socio-economic changes in place. New finds of amphorae from North Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Italy from excavations and survey conducted along the southern branch of the Po delta, connected to Ravenna and Classe by the fossa Augusta, and in the ager of Mutina (Modena), now contribute to better define some dynamics of this trade. The analysis of these two areas, which during the historical processes of the 4th and 7th centuries differed considerably, also allowed the highlighting of elements of continuity, crisis and change.
TRADE. Transformations of Adriatic Europe (2nd – 9th century), 2023
Issues related to the transformation of Late Antique fortresses on the east coast of the Adriatic... more Issues related to the transformation of Late Antique fortresses on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea: the example of the Benedictine monastery of Sts. Cosmas and Damian located on the hill Ćokovac, on the island of Pašman ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 134 Josipa Baraka Perica and Božana Maletić Stivanje field in Telašćica Nature Park-from Antiquity into the Middle Ages ����������������������������������������������144 Jona Petešić Crkvišće-Bukovlje near Generalski Stol-Late Antique hillfort. Results of the 2012-2015 excavations ��������148
Pondera antiqua et mediaevalia II (eds. by L. Delanaye and C. Doyen), 2022
This book benefited from a contribution of the Association Professeur Marcel Hoc, the Centre d'ét... more This book benefited from a contribution of the Association Professeur Marcel Hoc, the Centre d'étude des mondes antiques (CEMA), and the Institut des civilisations, arts et lettres (INCAL). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, adapted or translated, in any form or by any means, in any country, without the prior permission of Presses universitaires de Louvain.
Roman Pottery and Glass Manufactures. Production and trade in the Adriatic region and beyond. Proceedings of the 4th International Archaeological Colloquium (Crikvenica, 8-9 November 2017), 2022
To understand the productive and commercial success of some goods, such as ceramics, it is necess... more To understand the productive and commercial success of some goods, such as ceramics, it is necessary to observe more generally the economic context in which they are located. In order to balance the overall picture, particular attention should then be given to the goods that are most difficult to trace in the archaeological record, such as wool and textiles. Finally, the presence of supra-regional marketplaces can make the difference in outlining the economic dynamics. The case represented by Mutina (Modena), well-known for its wool and pottery production in Roman times, and by the Campi Macri (Magreta, Modena), seat of an important cattle fair in the Republican and Early Imperial age, offers the opportunity to investigate the relationships that have been established between production and marketing of these two goods as well as their evolution over time.
Drainages with amphorae are very widespread in the Roman world and even in Parma they are well do... more Drainages with amphorae are very widespread in the Roman world and even in Parma they are well documented. The excavation of one of these drainages, carried out along the road to the Roman harbour of Brixellum, has returned numerous transport containers, including amphorae from Northern Italy, Picenum and Istria. These are mainly Dressel 6A (for wine) and Dressel 6B (for oil), also with stamps and one with titulus pictus. In particular, the epigraphic-archaeological analysis of these containers allowed to explore aspects related to the activity of figlinae and marketing procedures, as well to learn more about the consumption of the Roman city and the size of goods’ distribution network in Northern Italy.
Itinéraires d’homme, trajectoires d’objects. Mélanges offerts à Daniele Vitali, 2021
The mobility of people, voluntary or induced, institutionally programmed or
left to personal init... more The mobility of people, voluntary or induced, institutionally programmed or left to personal initiative, with temporary or longer lasting effects, produced even in Cisalpine Gaul a constantly evolving socio-cultural context. From the beginning, spontaneous migratory flows joined the movements connected to the policy of colonization promoted by the Roman government. They also included individuals who circulated freely between the two banks of the Po river. Traces of mobility from the Transpadana have been identified in the city of Mutina (Modena), between the late Republic and the early Imperial period, thanks to the analysis of material culture when it’s properly contextualized. /
La mobilité des personnes, qu’elle soit volontaire ou induite, planifiée par les institutions ou laissée à l’initiative personnelle, avec des effets temporaires ou à plus long terme, a produit aussi en Gaule Cisalpine un contexte socioculturel en constante évolution. Aux mouvements effectués dans le cadre de la politique de colonisation promue par le gouvernement romain s’ajoutent dès le départ des flux migratoires spontanés, incluant également de personnes qui circulaient librement entre les deux rives du Pô. Grâce à l’analyse de la culture matérielle, convenablement contextualisée, des traces de mobilité depuis la Transpadane ont ainsi pu être clairement identifiées à Mutina (Modène), entre la fin de l’époque républicaine et le début de l’époque impériale.
Instrumenta inscripata VIII. Plumbum litteratum. Studia epigraphica Giovanni Mennella oblata, 2021
Inscriptions on lead weights and aequipondia, as, more generally, inscriptions on weighing instru... more Inscriptions on lead weights and aequipondia, as, more generally, inscriptions on weighing instruments, can be grouped mainly in four functional categories: official standard weights, inscriptions concerning the weight of the object, ownership inscriptions and production inscriptions. They well represent the complexity of the economic-commercial dynamics that toke shape in Augustan time, between the coexistence of marketplaces with different traditions and the desire for control and regulation by the central power.
Instrumenta inscripata VIII. Plumbum litteratum. Studia epigraphica Giovanni Mennella oblata, 2021
Various types of vessels were used to market medicamenta and aromata in Roman times. These includ... more Various types of vessels were used to market medicamenta and aromata in Roman times. These include also lead miniature amphorae, often decorated and inscribed, spread from the eastern Mediterranean to the northern provinces of the Empire. Many of these small vessels come from the antiquities market, so generally the archaeological context of finds and often the origin are unknown. For this reason, every new discovery, such as those from Modena area, can provide valuable input to define the aspects related to the production, marketing and especially dating of these objects.
Hellenistic trades in Cispadana : the amphorae from Rhodes · In the Hellenistic period Adriatic a... more Hellenistic trades in Cispadana : the amphorae from Rhodes · In the Hellenistic period Adriatic area played an important role in the commercial exchanges between the Italic peninsula and the eastern Mediterranean. In this context a certain relief, especially in the second century BC, had the importation of some products from the island of Rhodes, the wine above all. They were transported in amphorae of such a characteristic shape as to allow the immediate identification of the place of production. In this paper the finds coming from the Cispadana, the large area between the river Po in the north and the Apennines in the south, will be taken into consideration. If we consider the chronology of the Rhodian amphorae found in the Cispadana and we examine the map of the distribution of the finds (Fig. 2), it clearly emerges that in this area the importation of products coming from Rhodes and the process of romanization are two closely connected phenomena.
Scales and steelyards are widely used and spread in Roman times. However, many aspects related to... more Scales and steelyards are widely used and spread in Roman times. However, many aspects related to management and supervision are still little known. The two steelyards found in Parma in 1953, both with stamp, offered the opportunity to examine the functioning and production of this type of instrument. The epigraphic data, together with the archaeological and technical-functional analysis of Steelyards, have also allowed to reconsider the meaning of the rule of the mensores.
Purpureae Vestes VI. Textiles and Dyes in the Mediterranean Economy and Society, 2018
Bone needles are often recovered from archeological sites dating to Roman times. They are found i... more Bone needles are often recovered from archeological sites dating to Roman times. They are found in both settlements and in burials. Most bone needles have a single eye, but some have been identified with two or three holes. Were bone needles exclusively used for sewing, or does the occurrence of multi-eyed needles indicate their use in other crafts? This paper proposes that the bone needles, especially those with three holes, could have been used to make fabrics using the nålbinding technique. With this technique, many items could have been made without sewing, as it creates a very stretchy fabric, which would have been particularly useful for socks and other garments. To test our hypothesis, we conducted an experiment to create fabric using copies of Roman bone needles. Bone needles were very common, and their occurrence could be explained by use of the nalbinding technique to produce fabrics both in the familia and in textile workshops. The nålbinding technique would make it possible to diversify textile production, with important economic consequences.
Purpureae Vestes VI. Textiles and Dyes in the Mediterranean Economy and Society, 2018
The city of Mutina (Modena) was known throughout the Roman world for the quality of its wool and ... more The city of Mutina (Modena) was known throughout the Roman world for the quality of its wool and the textile production, in various way, was in Roman times an engine of economic development and social mobility. The literary and epigraphic sources are quite clear in this regard. Near the city, at the Campi Macri, starting from the beginning of the Imperial age the most important suburban cattle fair in Northern Italy took place. Here also went Turranius Niger, to whom Varro dedicated his book on ars pecuaria (VARRO rust. 2, praef. 6). The archaeological evidence related to this important productive sector of Mutina has been more elusive. Apart from the epigraphic data, the subject of interest have been loom weights of truncated pyramidal shape decorated using matrix stamps. No installation intended for sheep keeping has been so far identified. In the light of the review of old discoveries, it is however possible to suggest the presence of a textile workshop at the villa Scartazza, partially excavated in 1877. Of particular interest is the transformation of the residential part into a productive installation through the inclusion of dolia in the masonry and the presence of adjacent areas, of which at least one is interpretable as a tub with a drain channel, arranged on two levels. Interesting is also the finding of various balance weights and an aequipondium for scales of large dimensions, possibly usable for weighing of large quantities of wool or textiles. The villa is located in a favorable position for the implantation of a textile workshop, ca. 200 m south of the Via Aemilia and not far from the course of the river Panaro (Scultenna), on whose banks Strabo (STR. 5, 12) noted a pasture for sheep with precious wool.
Mutina was one of the main centers for the wool processing and trading, and, also, for the making... more Mutina was one of the main centers for the wool processing and trading, and, also, for the making of fabrics. These activities, which had a strong influence on the economic life of the city, are documented by the inscriptions, in particular by the Diocletian’s Edict on the prices, and by some literary source. Among these is a verse of Martialis, where, far from a simple literary topos, the Latin poet ironically claims that even a humble fullo in Mutina has enriched himself so much as to pay the expenses for a munus in the amphitheater. The archaeological investigations have identified two manufactories, one of which is certainly a fullonica, used for the wool processing. They are located immediately outside the city, in a geographically favorable position, close to via Aemilia and to the most important grazing lands.
The city of Mutina (Modena) was known throughout the Roman world for the quality of its wool and ... more The city of Mutina (Modena) was known throughout the Roman world for the quality of its wool and the textile production, in various way, was in Roman times an engine of economic development and social mobility. The literary and epigraphic sources are quite clear in this regard. Near the city, at the Campi Macri, starting from the beginning of the imperial age the most important suburban cattle fair in north Italy took place. Here also went Turranius Niger, to whom Varro dedicated his book on ars pecuaria (rust. 2, praef. 6). The archaeological evidence related to this important productive sector of Mutina has been more elusive. Apart from the epigraphic data, the subject of interest have been loom weights of truncated pyramidal shape decorated using matrix stamps. No installation intended for sheep keeping, or the various activities related to the processing of wool (lanariae, textrinae and fullonicae) has been so far identified. In the light of the review of old discoveries, it is however possible to suggest the presence of a textile workshop at the villa Scartazza, partially excavated in 1877. Of particular interest is the transformation of the residential part into a productive installation through the inclusion of dolia in the masonry and the presence of adjacent areas, of which at least one is interpretable as a tub with a drain channel, arranged on two levels. Interesting is also the finding of various balance weights and an aequipondium for scales of large dimensions, possibly usable for weighing of large quantities of wool or textiles. The villa is located in a favorable position for the implantation of a textile workshop, ca. 200 m south of the Via Aemilia and not far from the course of the river Panaro (Scultenna), on whose banks Strabo (5, 12) noted a pasture for sheep with precious wool. / La città di Mutina (Modena) era rinomata in tutto il mondo romano per la qualità delle sue lane e la produzione tessile, nei vari suoi aspetti, è stata in età romana un motore di sviluppo economico e di mobilità sociale. Le fonti letterarie ed epigrafiche sono piuttosto chiare al riguardo. Nei pressi della città, ai Campi Macri, si tenne inoltre fino alla prima età imperiale la più importante fiera extraurbana nord-italica di bestiame. Qui si recava anche Turranius Niger, a cui Varrone dedicò il suo libro sull’ars pecuaria (rust. 2, praef. 6). Il dato archeologico legato a questo importante settore produttivo di Mutina risulta invece più sfuggente. Oggetto di interesse sono stati soprattutto, accanto ai dati epigrafici, i pesi fittili da telaio di forma tronco-piramidale decorati a matrice. Nessun impianto destinato all’allevamento ovino o alle varie attività legate alla lavorazione della lana (lanariae, textrinae e fullonicae) è stato invece finora individuato. Appare invece possibile ipotizzare, alla luce del riesame di vecchi rinvenimenti, la presenza di un laboratorio tessile presso la villa della Scartazza, parzialmente scavata nel 1877. Di particolare interesse è la trasformazione della parte residenziale in impianto produttivo con l’inserimento di dolia nelle murature e la presenza di ambienti contigui, di cui almeno uno interpretabile come vasca con canaletta di scolo, disposti su due livelli. Interessante è inoltre il rinvenimento di vari pesi per bilancia e di un aequipondium per stadera di grosse dimensioni, utilizzabili per la pesatura anche di grossi quantitativi di lane o tessuti. La villa si trova infine in posizione favorevole all’impianto di un laboratorio tessile ca. 200 m a sud della via Aemilia e a poca distanza dal corso del fiume Panaro (Scultenna), presso le cui sponde Strabone (5, 12) ricorda il pascolo delle pecore dalla pregiatissima lana.
Needles bone are often found in the archeological sites of the Roman time. They both come from se... more Needles bone are often found in the archeological sites of the Roman time. They both come from settlements and burials. They are mostly one-eyed bone, but we can find also some of them with two or three holes. Do are they only used for sewing or they could used – expecially those three-eyed – for other handworks? Our proposal is that the three-eyed needles have been used in nålbinding technique, it is known since ancient times. With this technique, we can realize many garments and clothes without sewing, very stretchy and most used for socks and other clothing complements. To have the real answer to our hypothesys, we realized fabrics with roman needles copies. These kind of bone needles were very often found and that it should be explained by the nålbinding using to produce fabrics both in the familia and in textile laboratories. With this kind of technique would also get possible to diversify the textile production, with an important economic field. / Nei siti di età romana si trovano spesso aghi in osso. Essi provengono sia da insediamenti, che da sepolture. Generalmente si tratta di aghi con un solo foro, ma compaiono frequentemente anche esemplari con due e soprattutto tre fori. Si tratta in tutti i casi di aghi da cucito o questi oggetti, soprattutto gli esemplari a tre fori, potevano avere anche altri utilizzi? La nostra proposta è che questi aghi possano essere stati utilizzati anche per realizzare tessuti con la tecnica del nålbinding, conosciuta anche in età antica. Con questa tecnica si possono ottenere indumenti senza cuciture, estremamente elastici e adatti per realizzare importanti complementi dell’abbigliamento, come le calze. Per verificare questa nostra ipotesi sono stati realizzati tessuti utilizzando copie di aghi di età romana. La frequente presenza nei siti romani di aghi in osso potrebbe quindi essere spiegata proprio con l’uso del nålbinding per realizzare indumenti sia all’interno della familia, che nei laboratori tessili. La realizzazione di tessuti con questa tecnica avrebbe inoltre consentito di diversificare la produzione e rappresentato un'importante opportunità economica per il laboratorio tessile.
In 1981 in the delta of the Po river, in Valle Ponti near Comacchio, was found one the wreck of a... more In 1981 in the delta of the Po river, in Valle Ponti near Comacchio, was found one the wreck of a Roman ship with its cargo. The boat was engaged in small scale coastal shipping, but it was able also to transport by river. The shipwreck occurred around 12 BC along the north-western Adriatic coast, between two branches of the ancient Po. The ship’s cargo excavated by archaeologists includes a big variety of merchandise: lead ingots, some with the stamp of Agrippa, amphorae and ceramics of various type and provenance, lamps, boxwood logs, fourths of meat and various small objects, including several tiny lead foil votive temples. A turn-over steelyard for retail trade and a big stone weight are also found in the cargo. They were part of the ship’s equipment. The turn-over steelyard has two capacities and a stamp with the mention of one personage, probably the mensor who built the instrument in according to similar finds. The stone weight, a centussis (100 librae), was used instead for wholesale trade. This weight has an inscription too, which mentions in this case the magister navis, the shipmaster, as recently proposed. The finding of these measuring instruments on the Valle Ponti’s wreck provides an opportunity for some remarks about weighting procedure on Roman maritime and fluvial trade and about control of scales and weights.
Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 275 gemme incise di età romana della Galleri... more Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 275 gemme incise di età romana della Galleria Estense di Modena con schede introduttive sui soggetti (in italiano e francese): Zeus/Jupiter; Athena/Minerva; Apollo, Muse; Diana; Cerere; Mercurio; Dioniso/Bacco, personaggi del tiaso dionisiaco e Methe; Marte; Venere; Amorini/Eroti; Serapide, Arpocrate e Osiride canopo; Aequitas; Bonus Eventus; Fortune, sola o in associazione a Iside, Cerere, Minerva e Vittoria; Nemesi; Igea/Salus; Spes; Vittoria; Selene/Luna; Roma e il mito delle origini; Africa; Genius; Ercole; Onfale; Dioscuri/Castores; Leda; Diomede, Ulisse e il Palladio; divinità ed eroi a colloquio.
Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 83 gemme incise di età romana e 1 scarabo et... more Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 83 gemme incise di età romana e 1 scarabo etrusco della Galleria Estense di Modena con schede introduttive sui soggetti (in italiano e francese): scarabeo; gemme magiche e amuleti; oggetti e animali in composizioni simboliche (Gorgone, maschere e teste composite, composizioni umoristiche o burlesche, composizioni e oggetti simbolici, panoplia, gemme con simboli cristiani).
Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 41 gemme incise di età romana della Galleria... more Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 41 gemme incise di età romana della Galleria Estense di Modena con schede introduttive sui soggetti (in italiano e francese): busti e teste ritratto; iscrizioni; scene di genere; attività, arti e mestieri.
Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 123 gemme incise di età romana della Galleri... more Inquadramento iconografico-iconologico e catalogo di 123 gemme incise di età romana della Galleria Estense di Modena con schede introduttive sui soggetti (in italiano e francese): esseri e animali fantastici e mitologici; animali e astrologia: segni zodiacali e simboli astrali; animali; scene di lotta o caccia.
In the area of Ficarolo and Gaiba (Rovigo), object since the 17th century of several occasional a... more In the area of Ficarolo and Gaiba (Rovigo), object since the 17th century of several occasional archaeological finds, have taken place through time different excavations (1904, 1982, 1990-2000) and a high number of surveys. In particular, between 1992 and 2000 intense archaeological excavation activities, conducted by the University of Bochum (D), has interested the Roman settlement of Chiunsano (Gaiba). From 2010 have been planned by the University of Ferrara new research in connection with updating the archaeological map of the area. Following the acquisition of new data it was possible to expand the knowledge on ancient frequentation and, more generally, on the ancient settlement of this territory. 28 sites have been identified, 26 of which have returned materials from Roman times, including both settlements (FI 2, FI 4, FI 5, FI 10, FI 11, FI 12, GA 2, GA 3, GA 4, GA 6, GA 7, GA 8, GA 9, GA 14), sometimes with the presence of tombs (FI 5, GA 4), and burials (FI 1, FI 8, FI 13, GA 1, GA 5 and probably FI 9). Also two roads are archaeologically documented (FI 7, GA 13), one of which is visible in aerial photos. Among these most attention has been given to the analysis of the archaeological material found in the sites of the area of Trento (Ficarolo) and Sanguinara (Gaiba).
The first significant data emerged concerns the chronology of the peopling. The Roman presence manifests itself in fact already during the Republican time (2nd/1st century BC), but in three sites is also documented an earlier, pre-Roman frequentation. The Roman presence becomes significant in the Augustan age and continues until the full High Middle Ages, when it is built here the Parish Church of Santa Maria in Trenta/Trentum (Trento).
The remains of material culture well document the good quality of the standard of living achieved during the Roman period and the close relationship that developed between the settlements and the road network. From here passed a secondary branch of the Po and the area was affected by the passage of a road that from Mutina (Modena) and Bononia (Bologna) led to Aquileia, mentioned in the Itinerarium Antonini. The area is fully inserted in the long-range trades again in Late Antiquity. It also indicates the presence in the territory of discharged soldiers (Roman military diplomas) and Ostrogoths.
The data shows clearly the centrality of the area gravitating around Chiunsano-Trento.
Articles (Greek Dolls ; Roman Intaglio ; a stone Ship Weight from Comacchio, Copper Alloy figur... more Articles (Greek Dolls ; Roman Intaglio ; a stone Ship Weight from Comacchio, Copper Alloy figurines from Nothern Gaul, Gaulish deer antler medallions ; Bone artifact from Chersonesos Taurica, Modern Dividers, a Modern Token from Nîmes) ; Bibliography, Annoucements.
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left to personal initiative, with temporary or longer lasting effects, produced
even in Cisalpine Gaul a constantly evolving socio-cultural context. From the
beginning, spontaneous migratory flows joined the movements connected to
the policy of colonization promoted by the Roman government. They also
included individuals who circulated freely between the two banks of the Po
river. Traces of mobility from the Transpadana have been identified in the city
of Mutina (Modena), between the late Republic and the early Imperial period,
thanks to the analysis of material culture when it’s properly contextualized. /
La mobilité des personnes, qu’elle soit volontaire ou induite, planifiée par les
institutions ou laissée à l’initiative personnelle, avec des effets temporaires ou
à plus long terme, a produit aussi en Gaule Cisalpine un contexte socioculturel
en constante évolution. Aux mouvements effectués dans le cadre de la
politique de colonisation promue par le gouvernement romain s’ajoutent dès
le départ des flux migratoires spontanés, incluant également de personnes qui
circulaient librement entre les deux rives du Pô. Grâce à l’analyse de la culture
matérielle, convenablement contextualisée, des traces de mobilité depuis la
Transpadane ont ainsi pu être clairement identifiées à Mutina (Modène), entre
la fin de l’époque républicaine et le début de l’époque impériale.
left to personal initiative, with temporary or longer lasting effects, produced
even in Cisalpine Gaul a constantly evolving socio-cultural context. From the
beginning, spontaneous migratory flows joined the movements connected to
the policy of colonization promoted by the Roman government. They also
included individuals who circulated freely between the two banks of the Po
river. Traces of mobility from the Transpadana have been identified in the city
of Mutina (Modena), between the late Republic and the early Imperial period,
thanks to the analysis of material culture when it’s properly contextualized. /
La mobilité des personnes, qu’elle soit volontaire ou induite, planifiée par les
institutions ou laissée à l’initiative personnelle, avec des effets temporaires ou
à plus long terme, a produit aussi en Gaule Cisalpine un contexte socioculturel
en constante évolution. Aux mouvements effectués dans le cadre de la
politique de colonisation promue par le gouvernement romain s’ajoutent dès
le départ des flux migratoires spontanés, incluant également de personnes qui
circulaient librement entre les deux rives du Pô. Grâce à l’analyse de la culture
matérielle, convenablement contextualisée, des traces de mobilité depuis la
Transpadane ont ainsi pu être clairement identifiées à Mutina (Modène), entre
la fin de l’époque républicaine et le début de l’époque impériale.
century BC, had the importation of some products from the island of Rhodes, the wine above all. They were transported in amphorae of such a characteristic shape as to allow the immediate identification of the place of production. In this paper the finds coming from the Cispadana, the large area between the river Po in the north and the Apennines in the south, will be taken into consideration. If we consider the chronology of the Rhodian amphorae found in the Cispadana and we examine the map of the distribution of the finds (Fig. 2), it clearly emerges that in this area the importation of products coming from Rhodes and the process of romanization are two closely connected phenomena.
The literary and epigraphic sources are quite clear in this regard. Near the city, at the Campi Macri, starting from the beginning of the Imperial age the most important suburban cattle fair in Northern Italy took place. Here also went Turranius Niger, to whom Varro dedicated his book on ars pecuaria (VARRO rust. 2, praef. 6). The archaeological evidence related to this important productive sector of Mutina has been more elusive. Apart from the epigraphic data, the subject of interest have been loom weights of truncated pyramidal shape decorated using matrix stamps. No installation intended for sheep keeping has been so far identified. In the light of the review of old discoveries, it is however possible to suggest the presence of a textile workshop at the villa Scartazza, partially excavated in 1877. Of particular interest is the transformation of the residential part into a productive installation through the inclusion of dolia in the masonry and the presence of adjacent areas, of which at least one is interpretable as a tub with a drain channel, arranged on two levels. Interesting is also the finding of various balance weights and an aequipondium for scales of large dimensions, possibly usable for weighing of large quantities of wool or textiles. The villa is located in a favorable position for the implantation of a textile workshop, ca. 200 m south of the Via Aemilia and not far from the course of the river Panaro (Scultenna), on whose banks Strabo (STR. 5, 12) noted a pasture for sheep with precious wool.
The literary and epigraphic sources are quite clear in this regard. Near the city, at the Campi Macri, starting from the beginning of the imperial age the most important suburban cattle fair in north Italy took place. Here also went Turranius Niger, to whom Varro dedicated his book on ars pecuaria (rust. 2, praef. 6). The archaeological evidence related to this important productive sector of Mutina has been more elusive. Apart from the epigraphic data, the subject of interest have been loom weights of truncated pyramidal shape decorated using matrix stamps. No installation intended for sheep keeping, or the various activities related to the processing of wool (lanariae, textrinae and fullonicae) has been so far identified. In the light of the review of old discoveries, it is however possible to suggest the presence of a textile workshop at the villa Scartazza, partially excavated in 1877. Of particular interest is the transformation of the residential part into a productive installation through the inclusion of dolia in the masonry and the presence of adjacent areas, of which at least one is interpretable as a tub with a drain channel, arranged on two levels. Interesting is also the finding of various balance weights and an aequipondium for scales of large dimensions, possibly usable for weighing of large quantities of wool or textiles. The villa is located in a favorable position for the implantation of a textile workshop, ca. 200 m south of the Via Aemilia and not far from the course of the river Panaro (Scultenna), on whose banks Strabo (5, 12) noted a pasture for sheep with precious wool.
/
La città di Mutina (Modena) era rinomata in tutto il mondo romano per la qualità delle sue lane e la produzione tessile, nei vari suoi aspetti, è stata in età romana un motore di sviluppo economico e di mobilità sociale. Le fonti letterarie ed epigrafiche sono piuttosto chiare al riguardo.
Nei pressi della città, ai Campi Macri, si tenne inoltre fino alla prima età imperiale la più importante fiera extraurbana nord-italica di bestiame. Qui si recava anche Turranius Niger, a cui Varrone dedicò il suo libro sull’ars pecuaria (rust. 2, praef. 6).
Il dato archeologico legato a questo importante settore produttivo di Mutina risulta invece più sfuggente. Oggetto di interesse sono stati soprattutto, accanto ai dati epigrafici, i pesi fittili da telaio di forma tronco-piramidale decorati a matrice. Nessun impianto destinato all’allevamento ovino o alle varie attività legate alla lavorazione della lana (lanariae, textrinae e fullonicae) è stato invece finora individuato.
Appare invece possibile ipotizzare, alla luce del riesame di vecchi rinvenimenti, la presenza di un laboratorio tessile presso la villa della Scartazza, parzialmente scavata nel 1877. Di particolare interesse è la trasformazione della parte residenziale in impianto produttivo con l’inserimento di dolia nelle murature e la presenza di ambienti contigui, di cui almeno uno interpretabile come vasca con canaletta di scolo, disposti su due livelli. Interessante è inoltre il rinvenimento di vari pesi per bilancia e di un aequipondium per stadera di grosse dimensioni, utilizzabili per la pesatura anche di grossi quantitativi di lane o tessuti.
La villa si trova infine in posizione favorevole all’impianto di un laboratorio tessile ca. 200 m a sud della via Aemilia e a poca distanza dal corso del fiume Panaro (Scultenna), presso le cui sponde Strabone (5, 12) ricorda il pascolo delle pecore dalla pregiatissima lana.
These kind of bone needles were very often found and that it should be explained by the nålbinding using to produce fabrics both in the familia and in textile laboratories. With this kind of technique would also get possible to diversify the textile production, with an important economic field.
/
Nei siti di età romana si trovano spesso aghi in osso. Essi provengono sia da insediamenti, che da sepolture. Generalmente si tratta di aghi con un solo foro, ma compaiono frequentemente anche esemplari con due e soprattutto tre fori. Si tratta in tutti i casi di aghi da cucito o questi oggetti, soprattutto gli esemplari a tre fori, potevano avere anche altri utilizzi? La nostra proposta è che questi aghi possano essere stati utilizzati anche per realizzare tessuti con la tecnica del nålbinding, conosciuta anche in età antica. Con questa tecnica si possono ottenere indumenti senza cuciture, estremamente elastici e adatti per realizzare importanti complementi dell’abbigliamento, come le calze. Per verificare questa nostra ipotesi sono stati realizzati tessuti utilizzando copie di aghi di età romana.
La frequente presenza nei siti romani di aghi in osso potrebbe quindi essere spiegata proprio con l’uso del nålbinding per realizzare indumenti sia all’interno della familia, che nei laboratori tessili. La realizzazione di tessuti con questa tecnica avrebbe inoltre consentito di diversificare la produzione e rappresentato un'importante opportunità economica per il laboratorio tessile.
The ship’s cargo excavated by archaeologists includes a big variety of merchandise: lead ingots, some with the stamp of Agrippa, amphorae and ceramics of various type and provenance, lamps, boxwood logs, fourths of meat and various small objects, including several tiny lead foil votive temples.
A turn-over steelyard for retail trade and a big stone weight are also found in the cargo. They were part of the ship’s equipment. The turn-over steelyard has two capacities and a stamp with the mention of one personage, probably the mensor who built the instrument in according to similar finds. The stone weight, a centussis (100 librae), was used instead for wholesale trade. This weight has an inscription too, which mentions in this case the magister navis, the shipmaster, as recently proposed.
The finding of these measuring instruments on the Valle Ponti’s wreck provides an opportunity for some remarks about weighting procedure on Roman maritime and fluvial trade and about control of scales and weights.
The first significant data emerged concerns the chronology of the peopling. The Roman presence manifests itself in fact already during the Republican time (2nd/1st century BC), but in three sites is also documented an earlier, pre-Roman frequentation. The Roman presence becomes significant in the Augustan age and continues until the full High Middle Ages, when it is built here the Parish Church of Santa Maria in Trenta/Trentum (Trento).
The remains of material culture well document the good quality of the standard of living achieved during the Roman period and the close relationship that developed between the settlements and the road network. From here passed a secondary branch of the Po and the area was affected by the passage of a road that from Mutina (Modena) and Bononia (Bologna) led to Aquileia, mentioned in the Itinerarium Antonini. The area is fully inserted in the long-range trades again in Late Antiquity. It also indicates the presence in the territory of discharged soldiers (Roman military diplomas) and Ostrogoths.
The data shows clearly the centrality of the area gravitating around Chiunsano-Trento.
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