Student’s Guide

to the Q GCSE
German
Specification

2007 onwards
The specification will
will be published annually
annually on the AQA Website (www.aqa.org.uk).
(www.aqa.org.uk). If there are
are any
changes to the specification centres
centres will be notified in print as well as on the Website. In the case of
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 Welcome to your help-yourself guide to
the AQA GCSE German Specifications

This guide will help you with

! Vocabulary
All the vocabulary listed in the specification, plus some extra words, arranged in
Themes/Modules andand alphabetically. We’ve given yyou
ou the meanings too.

! Language Tasks
A check-list of what you should be able to do for each Theme/Module, and how -
listening, speaking, reading or writing, with room for your own notes.

! Communication Strategies
How to work out thethe answer even if you don’t know a allll the words! Lots of useful
hints and tips on how to get by without needing a dictionary.

! Grammar
Lots of useful reminders about nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions – how to
make sentences that make sense.

The
you! contents page will tell you where to find the information you need – the rest is up to

3
 CONTENTS

Pages

! Vocabulary 7

! Language Tasks Record 66

! Communication Strategies 96

! Grammar 110

4
 VOCABULARY
All the vocabulary listed in the specification, plus some extra words,
arranged in Themes/Modules and alpha alphabetically.
betically. We’ve given you
the meanings too.

5
Vocabulary in the Specification – by Themes/Modules
RUBRICS AND INSTRUCTIONS
Beantworte die Fragen auf Deutsch! Answer the questions in German
Beschreib…! Describe…
Bringe…(z.B. die Bilder)…in die richtige Reihenfolge! Put (e.g. the pictures) in the correct
order
Ergänze die Sätze! Complete the sentences.
Frag…! Ask…
Fülle die Lücken aus! Fill in the gaps.
Fülle die Tabelle aus! Fill in the table.
Gib Gründe warum… Give reasons why…
Gib zwei Beispiele! Give two examples.
Hör gut zu! Listen carefully.
Ist das positiv, negativ oder positiv und negativ? Is it positive, negative or positive
and negative?
Lies den Brief! Read the letter.
Lies die Sätze! Read the sentences.
Lies den Text! Read the text.

Mach
Sag…!eine Liste! Make
Say…a list.
Schreib A, B, C oder D! Write A, B, C or D.
Schreib die richtige Nummer! Write the correct number.
Schreib den richtigen Buchstaben ins Kästchen! Write the correct letter in the box.
Schreib den richtigen Namen! Write the correct name.
Schreib den/einen Artikel auf Deutsch! Write the/an article in German.
Schreib den/einen Brief auf Deutsch! Write the/a letter in German.
Schreib die/eine E-Mail auf Deutsch! Write the/an e-mail in German.
Schreib die richtige Antwort! Write the correct answer.
Schreib die richtigen Buchstaben in die Kästchen! Write the correct letters in the
t he boxes.
Schreib eine Liste! Write a list.
Schreib eine Postkarte! Write a postcard.
Schreib einen Satz! Write a sentence.
Schreib R (richtig), F (falsch) oder NT (nicht im Text)! Write R (true), F (false) or NT (not in
text).
Schreib zwei Dinge! Write two things.
Unterstreiche die richtige Antwort! Underline the correct answer.
Wähle das passende Bild! Choose the correct picture.
Wähle den passenden Satz! Choose the correct sentence.
Wähle die richtige Antwort! Choose the correct answer.
Was ist richtig? What is correct?
Was passt zusammen? What matches up?/What goes
together?
Welche Sätze sind richtig? Which sentences are correct?
Wer…? Who?

6
GENERAL NOTIONS ja yes
können to be able to
1 Existential nein no
nicht not
(a) Existence, non-existence stattfinden to take place
vielleicht perhaps
es gibt there is/are wahrscheinlich probably
nicht not wieder again
nicht mehr no more/no longer zufällig by chance

nichts
nie nothing
never (e) Demonstration
niemand nobody
sein to be der/die/das andere the other
sterben to die dieser this
werden to become jener that

(b) Presence, absence 2 Space

allein alone (a) Location

dort/da there
fehlen to be missing an + acc/dat at / on
hier here auf + acc/dat on / onto
ja yes auf der anderen Seite on the other side
jetzt now aus + dat out of
mit + dat with außen outside
nein no außer + dat out of, except
nicht da sein not to be present bei + dat by, at the house of
noch still bis + acc until
ohne + acc without da there
zusammen together dort there
drüben over there
(c) Availability, non-availability durch + acc through
für + acc for
alles everything entlang + acc/dat along
brauchen to need gegen + acc towards/against
dürfen to be allowed gegenüber + dat opposite

erlaubthaben
genug permitted
to have hier
hinten here
at the back, behind
enough/sufficient hinter + acc/dat behind
haben to have in + acc/dat in/into
möglich possible innen inside
sonst otherwise/else links to the left
unmöglich impossible mit + dat with
verboten forbidden/prohibited mitten in the middle
vielleicht perhaps nach + dat to, after
wollen to want to neben + acc/dat next to
der Norden North
(d) Occurrence, non-occurrence oben above
ohne + acc without
bestimmt certain der Osten East
bitte please rechts to the right
gar nicht not at all seit + dat since
geschehen to happen der Süden South

7
über + acc/dat over/above zurück back
überall everywhere zurückfahren to travel back
um + acc (a)round zurückgehen to go back
unten down
unter + acc/dat under (d) Direction
von + dat from
vor + acc/dat in front of alle Richtungen all directions
vorne at the front direkt direct
der Westen West geradeaus straight ahead

wohnen
zu + dat to live
to links
rechts to the
to the right
left
zwischen + acc/dat between
(e) Origin
(b) Distance
aus/von welcher
das Kilometer (-) kilometre Richtung? from which direction?
die Meile (-n) mile von + dat from
das Meter (-) metre wovon from where
nächste next, nearest
nah near (f) Motion with person or thing
in der Nähe in the vicinity, near
neben + acc/dat next to anziehen to put on
überall everywhere einen Ausflug to go on an outing
unterwegs on the way machen
weit far begleiten to accompany
wie weit ist es? how far is it? fahren to travel, go, drive
folgen + dat to follow
(c) Motion mitbringen to bring (something)
with one
abfahren to depart mitnehmen to take (something)
abholen to pick up, collect with one
ankommen to arrive nehmen to take
drehen to turn
fahren to travel (g) Places
die Fahrt(-en) journey
fallen to fall der Berg(-e) mountain

fliegen
gehen to fly
to go das Fluss(“e)
der Dorf( “er) village
river
her towards das Gebiet(-e) region
hin away from die Gegend(-en) landscape, region
hinausgehen to go out die Küste(-n) coast
hineingehen to go in das Land(“er) country
hinuntergehen to go down die Landschaft(-en) landscape
kommen to come der See(-n) lake
laufen to run die See(-n) sea
die Reise(-n) journey die Stadt(“e) town
steigen to climb die Stadtmitte(-n) town centre
überqueren to cross das Tal(“er) valley
verlassen to leave der Vorort(-e) suburb
weggehen to go away das Zentrum(Zentren) centre
weiterfahren to continue zu Hause at home
(on one’s way)

8
 die Fastenzeit Lent
(h) Dimensions der Feiertag holiday
die Ferien pl. holidays
breit wide das Jahr(-e) year
dick fat, thick die Jahreszeit(-en) season
dünn thin der Monat(-e) month
eng narrow das Neujahr New Year
flach flat Ostern Easter
groß large der Tag(-e) day

hoch
klein high
small um +
der acc
Urlaub at
holiday
kurz short Weihnachten Christmas
lang long die Woche(-n) week
mittelgroß medium sized das Wochenende(-n) weekend
schmal narrow
weit far, wide (b) Clock
das Zentimeter(-) centimetre
Numbers 1-60
3 Time
ab + dat from
(a) Calendar früh early
halb half
months: die Minute(-n) minute
Januar January der Mittag midday, noon
Februar February
Mitternacht midnight
März March
nach past
April April
spät late
Mai May
später later
Juni June
die Stunde(-n) hour
Juli July
um wie viel Uhr? at what time?
August August
ungefähr approximately
September September
Viertel quarter
Oktober October
vor to/before
November November
Dezember December
(c) Point in time

days: der Abend(-e)

am nächsten/ evening
the next/
Montag Monday
Dienstag Tuesday
folgenden Tag following day
Mittwoch Wednesday
der Anfang( “e) beginning,
start
Donnerstag Thursday
Freitag Friday
der Augenblick(-e) moment
Samstag Saturday
bald soon
Sonnabend Saturday
damals then, at that time
Sonntag Sunday
das Datum date
das Ende end
seasons:
erst first
der Frühling Spring
früh early
der Sommer Summer
gestern yesterday
gleich same
der Herbst
Winter Autumn
Winter heute today
heute Morgen this morning
heutzutage nowadays

9
kürzlich shortly nochmal again
der Moment(-e) moment normalerweise usually
morgen tomorrow nur only
morgens in the morning oft often
der Nachmittag(-e) afternoon selten seldom
die Nacht(“e) night täglich daily
neulich recently von Zeit zu Zeit from time to time
sofort at once wie bitte? pardon?
spät late wieder again

übermorgen
die Uhr(-en) day after tomorrow
clock wiederholen
wie oft? to repeat
how often?
unterwegs on the way
vor + dat to, before (f) Sequence
vorgestern the day before
yesterday damals then, at that time
vor kurzem a short time ago dann then
während + gen during dritte third
endlich finally
(d) Length of time erste first
erstens firstly
der Abend(-e) evening der/die/das/letzte the last
dauern to last -mal -times
bis + acc until das Mal time
das Jahr(-e) year nach + dat after
kurz shortly nachher afterwards
lang long seit + dat since
wie lange? how long? später later
die Minute(-n) minute und and
der Morgen(-) morning vorher beforehand
der Nachmittag(-e) afternoon zweite second
seit + dat since
die Sekunde(-n) second (g) Imminence
die Stunde(-n) hour
der Tag(-e) day am Montag etc on Monday etc
der Vormittag morning bald soon
die Weile while bis bald see you later

die Wochenende(-n)week
dasWoche(-n) weekend bis morgen
diesmal untiltime
this tomorrow
die Zeit time im Voraus in advance
noch nicht not yet
(e) Frequency plötzlich suddenly
sofort at once
alle X Minuten every X minutes vor kurzer Zeit a short time ago
erst first ziemlich quite
gewöhnlich usually zu spät too late
immer always
jeden Tag every day
-mal - times
manchmal sometimes
montags etc. on Mondays etc.
nächst next
nie never
noch einmal once again

10
 dünn thin
(h) Rapidity groß large, tall
die Größe(-n) size, height
X Kilometer pro X Kilometres per das Kilo(-s) kilo
Stunde hour das Kilometer(-) kilometre
langsam slowly klein small
mit Vollgas at full throttle messen to measure
plötzlich suddenly das Meter(-) metre
schnell quickly mittelgroß medium sized

(i) Contemporaneousness schlank

wie? slim
how?
wiegen to weigh
gerade just now wie viel? how much?
gleich immediately das Zentimeter(-) centimetre
jetzt now
nun now (b) Age
schon already
sofort at once alt old
während + gen during das Alter age
zur gleichen Zeit at the same time älter older
ehemalig former
(j) Begin, continue and end der Erwachsene(-n) grown-up, adult
früher earlier
der Anfang(“e) beginning, start geboren am…. born on…..
anfangen to begin das Jahr(-e) year
anhalten to stop jung young
beenden to end, finish der Junge(-n) boy
der Beginn beginning jünger younger
beginnen to begin das Kind(-er) child
das Ende end lebendig lively, living
enden to end modern modern
endlich finally neu new
fortführen continue, carry on
nicht mehr no more (c) Appearance
schließen to close
sich verabschieden to say goodbye aussehen to look, appear

weitermachen
zu Ende to continue
finished erscheinen
fest to appear,
solid, firm seem
zumachen to close frisch fresh
zurück back genau exact
hart hard
(k) Change and permanence hässlich ugly
hübsch pretty
bleiben to stay leer empty
immer noch still nett nice
wechseln to change ordentlich tidy
werden to become sauber clean
schmutzig dirty
4 Qualities and Characteristics schön beautiful, pretty
schwer heavy
(a) Size stark strong
streng strict, severe
dick fat trocken dry

11
 (f) Temperature
(d) Quantity
der Grad(-e) degree
all all heiß hot
alles everything kalt cold
beide both das Klima climate
bisschen, ein a bit, a little kühl cool
die Dose(-n) tin die Temperatur temperature
das Dutzend dozen warm warm

ein/eine/ein
einige a, an
some (g) Quality
ein paar a few
ein Paar a pair amüsant amusing
einzeln individual angenehm pleasant
etwas something ausgezeichnet excellent
fast almost ausreichend adequate
die Flasche(-n) bottle bequem comfortable
genug enough berühmt famous
das Glas( “er) glass besser better
das Gramm gram am besten best of all
jeder every einfach simple
der Karton(s) carton enorm enormous
das Kilo(-s) kilo fantastisch fantastic
der/das Liter(-) litre freundlich friendly
mehr more frisch fresh
mehrere several froh happy, cheerful
eine Menge a quantity furchtbar terrible
mindestens at least gefährlich dangerous
nicht mehr no longer geschwätzig talkative
nichts nothing gut good
noch still herrlich marvellous
nur only hervorragend outstanding
das Paket(-e) packet klasse great, marvellous
das Pfund(-e) pound klug clever
pro per komisch funny
die Schachtel(-n) box kompliziert complicated

die
sehrScheibe(-n) slice
very leicht
lustig easy,
funny light
selten seldom mies rotten
das Stück( “e) piece mühsam laborious
das Stückchen(-) little piece nett nice
die Tüte(-n) bag nützlich useful
viel/viele much/many nutzlos useless
voll full praktisch practical
welcher which prima great, fantastic
wenig little/few schlecht bad
zu viel too much schlimm bad
schrecklich terrible
(e) Shape schwach weak
Spaß fun
der Kreis(-e) circle Spitze first class, great
das Quadrat(-e) square toll great
total total

12
typisch typical O.K. OK
wichtig important perfekt perfect
witzig funny die Pflicht(-en) duty
wunderbar wonderful richtig right, correct, true
schlecht bad
(h) Access schlimm bad
aufmachen to open unbedingt absolutely
aufschliessen to unlock ungerecht unjust, unfair
besetzt occupied
fertig ready, finished (k) Nationality
frei free
geschlossen closed Nationalities:
verboten forbidden, prohibited amerikanisch American
völlig completely der Amerikaner(-) American man
die Amerikanerin(-nen) American woman
(i) Value belgisch Belgium
das Angebot(-e) offer
der Belgier(-) Belgian man
arm poor
die Belgierin(-nen) Belgian woman
ausverkauft sold out
britisch British
gut/schlecht well/badly paid
der Brite (-n) British man
bezahlt die Britin(-nen) British woman
billig cheap
deutsch German
der Deutsche(-n) German man
der Euro(-) Euro die Deutsche(-n) German woman
der Franken(-) Swiss franc
frei free
englisch English
das Gehalt(“er) salary
der Engländer(-) English man
das Geld(-er) money
die Engländerin(-nen) English woman
herabgesetzt reduced
französisch French
der Lohn(“e) salary
der Franzose(-n) French man
nichts nothing
die Französin(-nen) French woman
das Pfund pound
griechisch Greek
der Preis(-e) price
der Grieche(-n) Greek man
preiswert good value
die Griechin(-nen) Greek woman
der Rappen Swiss centime
holländisch Dutch
reich rich
der Holländer(-) Dutch man
der Schein(-e) bank note
die Holländerin(-nen) Dutch woman
das Stück(-e) piece, coin irisch Irish
das Taschengeld pocket money
der Ire(-n) Irish man
teuer expensive
die Irin(-nen) Irish woman
wert worth
italienisch Italian
der Italiener(-) Italian man
(j) Correctness die Italienerin (-nen) Italian woman
das Land(“er) the country
aus diesem Grund for this reason der Niederländer(-) Dutch man
falsch false, wrong die Niederländerin (-nen) Dutch woman
der Fehler(-) mistake niederländisch Dutch
genau exact österreichisch Austrian
gerecht just der Österreicher(-) Austrian man
in Ordnung all right, ok die Österreicherin(-nen) Austrian woman
korrigieren to correct portugiesisch Portuguese
möglich possible der Portugiese(-n) Portuguese man
nötig necessary, needed die Portugiesin(-nen) Portuguese woman
notwendig necessary schottisch Scottish

13
der Schotte(-n) Scottish man (l) Facility
die Schottin(-nen) Scottish woman
schweizerisch Swiss helfen +dat to help
der Schweizer(-) Swiss man können to be able to
die Schweizerin(-nen) Swiss woman leicht easy
spanisch Spanish natürlich naturally
der Spanier(-) Spanish man das Problem(-e) problem
die Spanierin(-nen) Spanish woman schwer difficult
türkisch Turkish die Schwierigkeit(-en) difficulty
der Türke(-n)
die Türkin(-nen) Turkish man
Turkish woman versuchen to try, attempt
walisisch Welsh (m) Interest
der Waliser(-) Welsh man
die Waliserin(-nen) Welsh woman abhängig dependent
am liebsten best of all
Countries and continents: beschäftigt occupied
Afrika Africa besonders especially
das Ausland abroad bitte please
Belgien Belgium bloß bare, mere
Deutschland Germany dumm stupid
England England einverstanden agreed
die EU the E.U. enorm enormous
Europa Europe Erfolg haben to be successful
Frankreich France extra extra
Griechenland Greece fabelhaft fantastic
Großbritannien Great Britain sich freuen to be happy, pleased
Irland Ireland sich fühlen to feel
Italien Italy es geht not too bad, I’m
die Niederlande the Netherlands alright
Österreich Austria gern gladly
Portugal Portugal gern geschehen it is/was a pleasure
Schottland Scotland gewaltig huge
die Schweiz Switzerland großartig magnificent
Spanien Spain gute Idee good idea
die Türkei Turkey hassen to hate
die USA USA heftig violent

Wales Wales interessant

das Interesse(-n) interesting
interest
Geographical locations: sich interessieren
Basel Basle für +acc to be interested in
Bern Bern langweilig boring
Bonn Bonn lebendig lively, brisk
der Kanal English Channel lebhaft lively, animated
Köln Cologne leidenschaftlich passionate
das Mittelmeer Mediterranean Sea lieber rather, prefer
München Munich Lieblings… favourite…
die Nordsee North Sea mies rotten
die Ostsee Baltic Sea mit Freude with joy
der Rhein Rhine mögen to like
Salzburg Salzburg satt haben to have enough
Wien Vienna stimmt agreed
Zürich Zurich super super

14
(n) Emotion lecker tasty
gut/schlecht riechen to smell good/bad
Angst haben to be afraid das Salz salt
beschämen to shame scharf sharp, hot (i.e spicy)
böse angry schmecken to taste
einsam lonely süß sweet
entschuldigen to excuse der Zucker sugar
sich entschuldigen to apologise
erfolgreich successful (r) Colour
sich
gernfreuen
haben to be pleased
to like blau
blond blue
blonde
glücklich happy braun brown
Gott! God! bunt brightly coloured,
hassen to hate colourful
schaden to damage, harm dunkel dark
sich schämen to be ashamed die Farbe(-n) colour
schwärmen für to be mad about gelb yellow
traurig sad grau grey
verflixt awkward, damned grün green
vorziehen to prefer hell pale
zufrieden contented kastanienbraun chestnut
lila lilac
(o) Strength orange orange
rosa pink
arm poor rot red
sich besser fühlen to feel better schwarz black
ganz ordentlich pretty good weiß white
gesund healthy welche Farbe? which colour?
die Gesundheit health
in Höchstform in peak condition (s) Personal Characteristics
krank sick, ill
müde tired aktiv active
nutzlos useless auf die Nerven to get on one’s
reich rich gehen nerves
schwach weak ausgleichen to even out
stark strong blöd stupid

(p) Materials der

doofBlödsinn rubbish
stupid, dumb
dumm stupid
aus + dat made of faul lazy
die Baumwolle cotton fleißig hard working
das Glas glass freundlich friendly
das Holz wood geduldig patient
das Leder leather gemein nasty, mean
das Papier paper glücklich happy
die Plastik plastic hilfsbereit helpful
die Wolle wool höflich polite
intelligent intelligent
(q) Taste and Smell klug clever
komisch funny
der Geruch smell launisch moody
der Geschmack taste laut loud
köstlich delicious lebendig lively

15
leise quiet (b) Communication
lieb nice
lustig funny anrufen to call, telephone
müde tired die Antwort(-en) answer
nett nice antworten to answer
optimistisch optimistic der Brief(-e) letter
die Persönlichkeit personality danke thanks
pessimistisch pessimistic sich entschuldigen to apologise
schüchtern shy Entschuldigung excuse, apology

sportlich
streng sporty
strict erzählen
die Frage(-n) to tell
question
sympathisch nice, likeable fragen to ask, question
unfreundlich unfriendly heißen to be called
ungeduldig impatient lachen to laugh
unglücklich unhappy sagen to say, tell
unhöflich impolite schreiben to write
unzufrieden dissatisfied schwätzen to chat
die Sprache(-n) language
(t) Audibility sprechen to speak, talk
die Stimme(-n) voice
hören to hear verstehen to understand
der Lärm noise das Wort(“er) word
laut loud zeigen to show
ruhig quiet, peaceful
still silent, quiet (c) Expression
die Stille quiet, silence
wiederholen to repeat danken + dat to thank
zuhören to listen to gefallen + dat to like something
hoffen to hope
(u) Degree, manner leider unfortunately
wissen to know
am besten best of all wollen to want to
besser better sich wünschen to wish
insbesondere especially,
particularly (d) Reflection
sicher safe, certainly

vor allem
wichtig above all
important denken
sich entscheiden to think
to decide
wirklich really sich erinnern to remember
die Erinnerung(-en) memory
5 Mental Notions finden to find
glauben to believe
(a) Senses die Idee(-n) idea
meinen to think, mean
sich ansehen to look at oneself meiner Meinung in my opinion
berühren to touch nach
der Blick(-e) look, view die Meinung(-en) opinion
hören to hear vergessen to forget
Durst haben to be thirsty die Wahl(-en) choice
Hunger haben to be hungry wählen to choose
noch einmal sehen to look again
sehen to look, see

16
6 Relations schlafen to sleep
schwimmen to swim
(a) Logical sitzen to sit
spazieren gehen to go for a walk
aber but spielen to play
also therefore stehen bleiben to stop, to come to a halt
auch also suchen to look for
das heißt that is ( to say) tanzen to dance
deshalb for that reason, tragen to carry, to wear
because of that treffen to meet
einschließlich including trinken to drink
nicht mehr no more, no longer tun to do
nie never unterschreiben to sign
während + gen during vergleichen to compare
warum why verkaufen to sell
wegen + gen because of verlieren to lose
weil because vorbereiten to prepare
wenn if, when, whenever sich waschen to wash oneself
wie how Zeit verbringen to spend time
wo where ziehen to pull

(b) Action (c) Question words

sich amüsieren to enjoy oneself bitte? pardon? please?

arbeiten to work wann? when?
aufstehen to get up warum? why?
aufwachen to wake up was? what?
bekommen to get, receive was für? what sort of?, what kind
benutzen to use of?
bereiten to prepare welcher…? which?
besuchen to visit wer? who?
bezahlen to pay wie? how?
einladen to invite wie bitte? pardon?
essen to eat wie viel? how much?
fahren to travel, go, drive wie viele? how many?
fehlen to be missing, lack wo? where?

finden
geben to find
to give woher?
wohin? where
w from?
here to?
gehen to go
ins Bett gehen to go to bed (d) Indefinites
gewinnen to win
kaufen to buy aber but
lernen to learn die Art(-en) sort, kind
lesen to read besonders especially
machen to make, do doch but
nehmen to take es gibt there is/are
passieren to happen, to take etwa about, approximately
place etwas/irgendetwas something
rauchen to smoke jemand/ someone, somebody
reisen to travel irgendjemand
reservieren to reserve die Leute (pl.) people
schicken to send man one
schieben to push nichts nothing

17
niemand nobody (h) Ownership
null nought
oder or besitzen to own, possess
sehr very eigen own
selbst self es gehört it belongs to
so so haben to have
sogar even
die Sorte(-n) sort (i) Similarity and difference
und and
ungefähr
wirklich
approximately
really also
anders
therefore
different
ziemlich quite, fairly anders als different from
auch also
(e) Referring to the future außerdem as well as, besides
fast almost
für for ganz quite
gehen + infinitive to go das Gegenteil opposite
hoffen to hope getrennt separated
hoffentlich hopefully der/die/das gleiche the same
ich möchte + infinitive I would like mehr als more than
in der Zukunft in the future der Nachteil(-e) disadvantage
nächste… next… der Unterschied difference
wollen to want to vor / gegen sein to be for/against
der Vorteil(-e) advantage
Present tense + future time reference wenn nicht if not
+ 3c General Notions zur gleichen Zeit at the same time

(f) Referring to the present + regular comparatives

Present tense 7 Abbreviations

+ 3c General Notions
d.h. (das heißt) i.e.
(g) Referring to the past gem. (gemischt) mixed
usw. (und so weiter) etc.
ein Jahr früher a year earlier z.B. (zum Beispiel) e.g.
es gab there was / were

es war Samstag
letzten it was
last Saturday Numbers
1-1000 + million
schon already + possessive adjectives and pronouns
am vorigen/ the previous
vorhergehenden Saturday
Samstag
seit + dat since
in der Vergangenheit in the past
vor X Jahren X years ago

+ Past tenses
+ 3c General Notions

18
THEME/MODULE 1 MY WORLD der Familienname (-n) surname, family
name
1A Self, Family and Friend
Friends
s das Fleisch meat
der Fleischer(-)/ butcher
das Alter age die Fleischerin(-nen)
der/die Angestellte(-n) employee die Frau(-en) woman
die Arbeit(-en) work der Freund(-e)/ friend
arbeiten to work die Freundin(-nen)
arbeitslos unemployed die Freundschaft friendship
der Wiederhören!
auf
doctor
Arzt(“e)/die Ärztin(-nen)goodbye! (on the der Gast(“e)
die Gastfreundschaft
guest
hospitality
telephone) geboren born
auf Wiedersehen! goodbye! die Geburt birth
das Auge(-n) eye der Geburtstag(-e) birthday
aussehen to look geschieden divorced
das Baby(-s) baby die Geschwister pl. brothers & sisters
der Bäcker(-)/ baker getrennt separated
die Bäckerin(-nen) das Glück luck
der Bart(“e) beard glücklich happy
der Bauer(-n) / farmer die Großeltern pl. grandparents
die Bäuerin(-nen) die Großmutter(“) grandmother
der Beamte(-n)/ official der Großvater(“) grandfather
die Beamtin(-nen) Grüß Gott! hello!
der Beruf(-e) job, occupation Guten Abend good evening
der Besitzer(-)/ owner Guten Tag hello
die Besitzerin(nen) das Haar(-e) hair
bestimmt particular, certain der Halbbruder(“) half brother
besuchen to visit die Halbschwester(-n) half sister
bleiben to stay Hallo Hello/hallo
der Brieffreund(-e)/ penfriend der Hamster(-) hamster
die Brieffreundin(-nen) die Hausfrau(-en) housewife
der Briefträger(-)/ postman/woman der Hausmann(!er) househusband
die Briefträgerin(-nen) die Hausnummer(-n) house number
die Brille(-n) glasses das Haustier(-e) pet
der Bruder( “) brother hereinkommen to come in
buchstabieren to spell der Herr gentleman

das Cousin(-s)/
der Büro(-s) office
cousin herzlich
der Hund(-e) warm, sincere
dog
die Cousine(-n) das Jahr(-e) year
die Dame(-n) lady der Junge(-n) boy
danke thanks das Kaninchen(-) rabbit
danken + dat to thank der Kassierer(-) / cashier
der Direktor(-en)/ director die Kassiererin(-nen)
die Direktorin(-nen) die Katze(-n) cat
die Einladung(-en) invitation der Kaufmann(“er) / businessman/
das Einzelkind(-er) only child die Kauffrau(-en) woman
die Eltern pl. parents der Kellner(-) / waiter/waitress
der/die Erwachsene(-n) grown-up, adult die Kellnerin(-nen)
der Fahrer(-)/ driver kennen to know
die Fahrerin (-nen) das Kind(-er) child
die Familie family der Krankenpfleger(-)/ nurse
der/die Familienangehörige family member die Krankenpflegerin(-nen)/
die Krankenschwester (-n)

19
die Kusine(-n) cousin der Vetter(n) cousin
ledig single der Vogel(“) bird
der Lehrer(-) / teacher der Vorname(-n) first/Christian name
die Lehrerin(-nen) vorstellen to introduce
das Mädchen(-) girl der Wellensittich(-e) budgerigar
der Mann(“er) man wie geht’s? how are you?
die Maus(“e) mouse willkommen heißen to welcome
der Mechaniker(-)/ mechanic wohnen to live
die Mechanikerin(-nen) der Wohnort(-e) place of residence
das Metzger(-)/
der Meerschweinchen(-) guinea pig
butcher der
dieZahnarzt(“e)/
Zahnärztin(-nen)
dentist
die Metzgerin(-nen) der Zwilling(-e) twin
die Mutter(“) mother
Mutti mum 1B Interests a
and
nd Hobbies
Hobbies
die Nacht(“e) night
der Name(-n) name angeln to fish
die Nase(-n) nose ausgehen to go out
die Oma(-s) gran(ny) das Badminton badminton
Omi gran der Basketball basketball
der Onkel(-) uncle der Besuch(-e) visit
der Opa(-s) granddad besuchen to visit
Opi grandpa die Briefmarke(-n) stamp
das Pferd(-e) horse das Buch(“er) book
der Polizist(-en) / policeman/ die CD(-s) CD
die Polizistin(-nen) woman der CD-Spieler(-) CD player
der Schnurrbart(“e) moustache der Computer(-) computer
der Schwager(!) / brother/sister-in- die Disko(-s) disco
die Schwägerin(-nen) law das Endspiel final
die Schwester(-n) sister der Fan(-s) fan
die Schwiegermutter(“) mother-in-law fernsehen to watch TV
der Schwiegervater(“) father-in-law der Film(-e) film
die Sekretärin(-nen) secretary das Fitnesszentrum fitness centre
Servus! Hello! / Bye! (-zentren)
sich setzen to sit down das Foto(-s) photo
der Sohn(“e) son der Fotoapparat(-e) camera
die Staatsangehörig- nationality fotografieren to take a photo

keit(-en)
die Stadt(“e) town das Freibad(“er) open air
swimming pool
die Stewardess(-en) stewardess die Freizeit free time
Stief..... step…. der Freund(-e)/ friend
(e.g.Stiefvater stepfather) die Freundin(-nen)
die Straße(-n) street der Fußball football
der Streit(-e) argument gewinnen to win
streiten to argue die Gruppe(-n) group
die Tante(-n) aunt die Gymnastik physical exercise,
das Tier(-e) animal gymnastics
die Tochter(“) daughter das Hallenbad(“er) indoor swimming
Tschüs Bye pool
der Vater(“) father das Hobby(-s) hobby
Vati dad das Hockey hockey
verheiratet married das Instrument(-e) instrument
der Verkäufer(-)/ sales assistant der Jugendklub(-s) youth club
die Verkäuferin(-nen)

20
die Karte(-n) card die Autobahn (-en) motorway
die Kassette(-n) cassette das Bad(“er) bath
kegeln to bowl das Badezimmer(-) bathroom
das Kino(-s) cinema der Bahnhof(“e) railway station
das Klavier(-e) piano der Balkon(-e) balcony
das Konzert(-e) concert der Baum(“e) tree
lesen to read der Berg(-e) mountain
die Mannschaft(-en) team das Bett(-en) bed
das Mitglied member der Blitz lightning
mitkommen
die Musik
to come too/as well
music blitzen to flash with
lightning
der Park(-s) park die Blume(-n) flower
das Pferd(-e) horse die Brücke(-n) bridge
programmieren to programme der Bungalow(-s) bungalow
Rad fahren to cycle die Burg(-en) castle
reiten to ride (a horse) der Bus(-se) bus
der Rollschuh(-e) roller skate der Busbahnhof(“e) bus station
das Rugby rugby das Denkmal(“er) monument
sammeln to collect der Dom(-e) cathedral
Schlittschuh laufen to skate der Donner thunder
das Schwimmbad(“er) swimming pool donnern to thunder
schwimmen to swim das Doppelhaus(“er) semi detached
segeln to sail das Dorf(“er) village
ski fahren to ski die Dusche(-n) shower
spazieren gehen to go for a walk die Ecke(-n) corner
das Spiel(-e) game, play das Einfamilienhaus(“er) detached house
spielen to play der Einwohner(-) inhabitant
der Spielplatz(“e) playground das Einzelhaus(“er) detached house
der Sport sport das Erdgeschoss(-e) ground floor
das Stadion(Stadien) stadium das Esszimmer(-) dining room
die Stadt(“e) town die Fachhochschu
Fachhochschule(-n)
le(-n) college (for specialist
tanzen to dance subjects)
das Tennis tennis die Fahrkarte(-n) ticket
das Theater(-) theatre das Fahrrad(“er) bicycle
das Tischtennis table tennis der Fahrschein(-e) ticket
trainieren to train das Feld(-er) field
treffen treiben
(Sport)
to meet
to do, to go in for das Fernseher(-)
der Fenster(-) window
TV
(Sport) der Flur(-e) corridor
üben to practise der Fluss(“e) river
der Verein(-e) club frieren to freeze
das Videospiel(-e) video game der Frost frost
der Volleyball volleyball zu Fuß on foot
der Walkman walkman die Fußgängerzone(-n) pedestrian
der Wettbewerb(-e) competition precinct
das Wochenende(-n) weekend die Garage(-n) garage
die Zeitschrift(-en) magazine der Garten(“) garden
das Gebäude(-) building
1C Home and Local Env
Environment
ironment die Gegend(-en) region, landscape
das Geschäft(-e) shop
die Adresse(-n) address geschlossen closed
die Aussicht(-en) view das Gewitter storm
das Auto(-s) car die Grundschule(-n) primary school

21
der Hafen(“) harbour der Regen rain
die Haltestelle(-n) bus/tram stop regnen to rain
das Handy(-s) mobile phone das Reihenhaus(“er) terraced house
der Hauptbahnhof(“e) main railway station die Reise(-n) journey
die Hauptstraße(-n) main street das Schlafzimmer(-) bedroom
die Hauptverkehrszeit(-en) rush hour das Schaf(-e) sheep
das Haus(“er) house der Schauer(-) shower (of rain)
der Herd(-e) cooker das Schloss(“er) castle, palace
historisch historic der Schnee snow
die Industrie(-n)
der Keller(-)
industry
cellar
schneien
die Schule(-n)
to snow
school
der Kellner(-) / waiter/waitress sehenswert worth seeing
die Kellnerin(-nen) die Sehenswürdigkeit(-en) sights
der Kindergarten nursery school der Sessel(-) easy chair
die Kirche(-n) church das Sofa(-s) sofa, settee
der Kleiderschrank(“e) wardrobe die Sonne sun
das Krankenhaus(“er) hospital sonnig sunny
die Kreuzung(-en) crossroads, der Spiegel(-) mirror
crossing die Spülmaschine(-n) dishwasher
die Küche(-n) kitchen die Stadtmitte(-n) town centre
die Kuh(“e) cow der Stadtplan(“e) town plan
der Kühlschrank(“e) fridge der Stadtrand(“er) outskirts
die Küste(-n) coast die Stereoanlage(-n) stereo system
der Laden(“) shop der Strand(“e) beach
die Lampe(-n) lamp der Stuhl(“e) chair
die Landschaft(-en) landscape der Sturm storm
die Luft air stürmisch stormy
der Markt(“e) market der Supermarkt(“e) supermarket
der Marktplatz(“e) market place die Tankstelle(-n) petrol station
das Meer sea teilen to share
die Mikrowelle(-n) microwave das Telefon(-e) telephone
die Möbel(pl.) furniture der Teppich(-e) carpet
das Mofa(-s) moped der Tisch(-e) table
das Motorrad(“er) motor bike die Toilette(-n) toilet
das Museum(Museen) museum die Treppe(-n) stairs
der Nachbar (-n) neighbour die Tür(-en) door
nass
der Nebel
wet
fog die U-Bahn(-en)
umsteigen
underground train
to change
neblig foggy der Verkehr traffic
die Oberstufe sixth form der Vorhang(“e) curtain
der Park(-s) park der Vorort(-e) suburb
parken to park der Wagen(-) car
der Parkplatz(“e) car park, parking die Wand(“e) wall
place die Waschmaschine(-n) washing machine
die Pflanze(-n) plant der Wecker(-) alarm clock
der Platz(“e) place, seat, das Wetter weather
square der Wind wind
das Poster(-) poster windig windy
die Postleitzahl (PLZ) postcode der Wohnblock(“e) tower block
das Rad(“er) bike wohnen to live
das Radio(-s) radio die Wohnung(-en) flat
der Rasen(-) lawn das Wohnzimmer(-) living room
das Rathaus(“er) town hall wolkig cloudy

22
die Zentralheizung central heating 1E School and Future Plans (up to age 18)
das Zimmer(-) room
der Zoo(-s) zoo das Abitur School leaving
der Zug(“e) train exam and
University
1D Daily Routine entrance
qualification
das Abendessen(-) evening meal die Anmeldung(-en) reception
aufstehen to get up das Arbeitspraktikum work experience
aufwachen
der Braten(-)
to wake up
roast
(-praktika)
aufmachen to open
das Butterbrot(-e) slice of bread and die Aula(Aulen) assembly hall
butter der Austausch exchange
sich duschen to shower die Band(-s) band (musical)
einkaufen to shop, to buy beschreiben to describe
essen to eat die Bibliothek (-en) library
das Fleisch meat die Biologie Biology
die Freizeit leisure time der Bleistift(-e) pencil
der Fruchtsaft(“e) fruit juice das Buch(“er) book
das Frühstück breakfast buchstabieren to spell
frühstücken to eat breakfast die Chemie Chemistry
die Hausaufgabe(-n) homework der Chor(“e) choir
die Kantine(-n) canteen Deutsch German
die Kleidung clothing die Disziplin discipline
klingeln to ring das Drama Drama
kochen to cook Englisch English
der Kuchen(-) cake die Erdkunde Geography
die Mahlzeit(-en) meal das Fach(“er) subject
die Milch milk das Fenster(-) window
das Mittagessen midday meal, lunch die Ferien (pl.) holidays
die Mittagszeit lunch time fertig sein to be ready, be
müssen to have to finished
das Obst fruit eine Frage stellen to ask a question
die Pommes frites chips Französisch French
putzen to clean der Füller(-) fountain pen
schlafen to sleep gemischt mixed
der Schultag(-e)
sollen
school day
should, have to die Gesamtschule(-n) comprehensive
school
die Suppe(-n) soup die Geschichte history
der Tee(-s) tea der/das Gummi(-s) rubber
der Toast toast das Gymnasium grammar school
trinken to drink (Gymnasien)
die Uniform(-en) uniform die Hausaufgabe(-n) homework
verlassen to leave das Heft(-e) exercise book
sich waschen to wash oneself der Hof(“e) yard
das Wasser water die Informatik IT
der Wecker(-) alarm clock die Internatschule(-n) boarding school
der Kassettenrekorder cassette recorder
die Klassenfahrt(-en) school trip
das Klassenzimmer(-) classroom
der Klub(-s) club

23
kopieren to copy die Tafel(-n) blackboard
der Kugelschreiber(-) ballpoint pen die Technologie technology
der Kuli(-s) biro der Test(-s) test
die Kunst Art das Trimester term
das Labor(-s) laboratory das Turnen P.E.
lernen to learn, study die Turnhalle(-n) gym
lesen to read die Umfrage(-n) survey
das Lineal(-e) ruler der Unterricht(-e) lesson
die Mappe(-n) school bag vorsichtig sein to be careful
die Mittagspause(-n)
die Mathe(matik) Maths
midday break
Werken handicrafts,
woodwork
die Naturwissenschaft(-en) natural
natural sciences das Wörterbuch(“er) dictionary
die Note(-n) grade, (musical) zeichnen to draw
note das Zeichnen drawing
die Oberstufe sixth form zuhören to listen
das Orchester(-) orchestra die Zukunft future
der Ordner(-) file zumachen to close, shut
das Papier(-e) paper
der Partner(-)/ male/female THEME/MODULE 2 HOLIDAY TIME A
AND
ND
die Partnerin(-nen) partner TRAVEL
die Pause(-n) break
das Pflichtfach(“er) compulsory 2A Travel, Transport and Finding the
the Way
subject
die Physik Physics abfahren to depart
der Plan(“e) plan die Abfahrt(-en) departure
das Projekt(e) project die Ampel(-n) traffic light
die Prüfung(-en) exam ankommen to arrive
die Realschule(-n) secondary school die Ankunft(“e) arrival
without 6th Form der Ausgang(“e) exit
die Religion Religion die Auskunft(“e) piece of information
das Resultat(-e) result aussteigen to get out
schreiben to write die Autobahn(-en) motorway
die Schularbeiten school work der Bahnsteig(-e) platform
der Schuldirektor/ male/female die Bushaltestelle(-n) bus stop
die Schuldirektorin headteacher direkt direct
die Schule(-n) school der D-Zug(“e) express train
der
dieSchüler(-)/
Schülerin(-nen)
male/female pupil die Ecke(-n)
der Eilzug(“e)
corner
stopping train
der Schultag(-e) school day die Einbahnstraße(-n) one way street
die Seite(-n) page einfach simple, single
singen to sing die Einfahrt(-en) entry
sitzen bleiben to have to repeat einsteigen to get in
a year entschuldigen to excuse
Spanisch Spanish die Fahrkarte(-n) ticket
der Sport Sport der Fahrkartenschalter(-) ticket window
das Sportzentrum(-zentren) sports centre der Fahrplan(“e) timetable
die Sprechstunde (-n) consultation hours der Fahrschein(e) ticket
der Student University student die Fahrt(-en) journey
studieren to study (at der Flug (“e) flight
University) der Flughafen(“) airport
das Studium (Studien) course of study das Flugzeug(-e) aeroplane
die Stunde(-n) lesson, hour das Gepäck luggage
der Stundenplan(“e) timetable die Gepäckaufbewah
Gepäckaufbewahrung
rung left luggage

24
das Gleis(-e) platform der/die Fremde(-n) stranger
die Haltestelle(-n) bus/tram stop freundlich friendly
die Hauptstraße(-n) main street frieren to freeze
hin und zurück return der Frost frost
die Imbissstube(-n) snack bar das Gewitter(-) thunderstorm
der Intercity-Zug(“e) intercity train die Information(-en) information (desk)
die Klasse(-n) class das Informationsbüro(-s) information office
das Krankenhaus(“er) hospital Köln Cologne
die Kreuzung crossroads, die Liste(-n) list
crossing München Munich
die Landkarte(-n) map nass wet
die Linie(-n) route der Nebel fog
der Nahverkehrszug(“e) local train neblig foggy
der Notausgang(“e) emergency exit die Nordsee North Sea
parken to park die Ostsee Baltic Sea
der Personenzug(“e) slow passenger der Prospekt(-e) brochure
train der Regen rain
rauchen to smoke regnen to rain
die Reise(-n) journey das Reisebüro(-s) travel agent
der Reisebus(-se) coach der Rhein Rhine
der/die Reisende traveller die Rundfahrt(-en) round trip
der Reisepass(“e) passport der Schauer(-) shower (of rain)
das Reiseziel destination das Schiff(-e) ship
die Reservierung reservation der Schnee snow
die Richtung direction schneien to snow
die Rückfahrkarte(-n) return ticket der See(-n) lake
der Schaffner(-) conductor die See(-n) sea
die S-Bahn(-en) city train sehenswert worth seeing
die Seite(-n) side die Sehenswürdigkeit(-en) sights
der Stadtplan(“e) town plan die Sonne sun
die Straßenbahn(-en) tram sonnig sunny
die Tankstelle(-n) petrol station der Stadtbummel(-) stroll round town
die U-Bahn(-en) underground die Stadtrundfahrt(-en) sight seeing tour
railway der Sturm(“e) storm
umsteigen to change stürmisch stormy
der (Verkehrs)kreisel roundabout der Tourist(-en) tourist
der Zug(“e)
zurückkommen
train
to come back die Touristeninformation
trocken
Tourist Information
dry
der Zuschlag supplement der Urlaub holiday
das Wetter weather
2B Tourism der Wetterbericht(-e) weather report
die Wettervorhersage(-n) weather forecast
die Alpen Alps Wien Vienna
der Ausflug(“e) outing, excursion der Wind wind
die Auskunft(“e) piece of information windig windy
der Blitz lightning wolkig cloudy
blitzen to flash with
lightning 2C Accommodation
das Boot(-e) boat
die Broschüre(-n) brochure der Anfang(“e) beginning, start
das Camping(-s) camping die Anmeldung(-en) reception
der Donner thunder der Aufzug(“e) lift
donnern to thunder das Bad(“er) bath

25
das Badetuch(“er) bath towel bezahlen to pay
der Balkon(-e) balcony das Bier beer
das Bauernhaus(“er) farmhouse die Bockwurst(“e) bockwurst
besetzt occupied die Bratwurst(“e) fried/grilled sausage
bestätigen to confirm, endorse das Brot bread
der Campingplatz(“e) camp site das Brötchen(-) bread roll
das Doppelzimmer(-) double room die Butter butter
die Dusche(-n) shower das Café(-s) café
das Einzelzimmer(-) single room die Cola(-s) cola
der Empfang
der Fahrstuhl(“e)
reception
lift
die Currywurst(“e) curry sausage with
spicy ketchup
das Familienzimmer(-) family room der Durst thirst
der Flur(-e) corridor durstig thirsty
frei free das Ei(-er) egg
der Gang(“e) corridor das Eis(-) ice cream
das Gasthaus(“er) pub, restaurant die Erdbeere(-n) strawberry
die Halbpension half board der Essig vinegar
das Handtuch(“er) hand towel der Fisch(-e) fish
das Hotel(-s) hotel die Gabel(-n) fork
inbegriffen included das Getränk(-e) drink
inklusive inclusive das Glas(“er) glass
die Jugendherberge(-n) youth hostel das Hähnchen(-) chicken
der Lift(-s) lift Herr Ober! Waiter!
die Mehrwertsteuer VAT der Hunger hunger
die Person(-en) person hungrig hungry
die Rechnung(-en) bill der Imbiss(-e) snack
reservieren to reserve der/das Joghurt(-s) yoghurt
die Reservierung(-en) reservation der Kaffee coffee
das Restaurant(-s) restaurant die Kartoffel(-n) potato
der Schlüssel(-) key die Kasse(-n) check out, cash desk
die Seife(-n) soap kegeln to bowl
der Speisesaal(säle) dining room die Kirsche(-n) cherry
übernachten to stay overnight der Kuchen(-) cake
die Übernachtung(-en) overnight stay die Limo(nade)(-n) lemonade
die Unterkunft(“e) accommodation der Löffel(-) spoon
die Vollpension full board das Menü(-s) set meal
das WC
der Wohnwagen(-)
WC
caravan
dasMilch
die Messer(-) knife
milk
die Zahnbürste(-n) toothbrush das Mineralwasser mineral water
die Zahnpasta(-ten) toothpaste der Nachtisch(-e) dessert
das Zelt(-e) tent der Orangensaft(“e) orange juice
das Zimmer(-) room der Pfeffer pepper
die Pommes (pl.) fries
2D Holiday Activities die Pommes frites(pl.) chips
die Portion(-en) portion
der Apfelsaft(“e) apple juice probieren to try, taste
die Badehose(-n) swimming trunks reichen to be enough, to
der Ball(“e) ball pass, to hand
die Bar(-s) bar der Reis rice
der Becher(-) pot, mug die Rundfahrt(-en) round trip
die Bedienung service der Saft(“e) juice
das Beefsteak steak, beefburger die Sahne cream
bestellen to order der Salat(-e) salad

26
das Salz salt brechen to break
die Schokolade(-n) chocolate der Brief(-e) letter
schwimmen to swim der Briefkasten letter box
das Segelboot(-e) sailing boat die Briefmarke(-n) stamp
segeln to sail die Brieftasche(-n) wallet
die Selbstbedienung self service drücken to press
der Senf mustard der Durchfall diarrhoea
servieren to serve einwerfen to post
die Serviette(-n) serviette sich erbrechen to be sick
Ski fahren
sich sonnen
to go skiing
to sunbathe
sich erkälten
der Erste-Hilfe-Kasten
to catch a cold
first aid cabinet
die Sonnenbrille(-n) sunglasses die Feuerwehr fire service
die Sonnencreme suncream das Fieber fever
das Souvenir(-s) souvenir der Finger(-) finger
spazieren gehen to go for a walk das Freizeichen dialling tone
die Speisekarte(-n) menu sich fühlen to feel
das Spiegelei(-er) fried egg das Fundbüro(-s) lost property
der Sprudel sparkling mineral office
water der Fuß(“e) feet
stimmen to be right, correct die Gefahr(-en) danger
die Suppe(-n) soup gefährlich dangerous
das Tagesmenü(-s) set menu of the day das Geld money
die Tasse(-n) cup der Geldwechsel exchanging of
der Tee tea money
der Teller(-) plate geöffnet open
die Torte(-n) cake, gateau geschlossen closed
die Tour(-en) tour gesund healthy
der Volleyball volleyball die Grippe flu
die Vorspeise(-n) starter der Hals throat
wandern to ramble, hike die Hand(“e) hand
der Wein(e) wine heben to lift, raise
das Wiener Schnitzel wiener schnitzel helfen + dat to help
der Wintersport winter sports die Hilfe(-n) help
die Wurst(“e) sausage der Hörer(-) receiver, listener
das Würstchen(-) small sausage inklusiv inclusive
zahlen to pay das Kleingeld small change
der
+ 3BZucker
sugar das Knopf(“e)
der Knie(-) knee
button
der Kopf(“e) head
2E Services der Körper body
kostenlos free of charge
Achtung! watch out krank ill
anrufen to ring up der Krankenwagen(-) ambulance
die Apotheke chemist’s shop leihen to lend
der Arm(-e) arm der Magen(“) stomach
auflegen to put on, hang up das Medikament(-e) medicine
aufpassen to look or watch out mieten to rent
das Auge(-n) eye müde tired
die Bank(-en) bank der Mund(“er) mouth
das Bargeld cash die Münze(-n) coin
der Bauch stomach die Nase(-n) nose
das Bein(-e) leg der Notruf emergency call
das Boot(-e) boat die Öffnungszeit(-en) opening hours

27
das Ohr(-en) ear einkaufen to go shopping
das Paket(-e) parcel Fasching Carnival
die Pastille(-n) pastille feiern to celebrate
die Polizei police das Fest(-e) celebration
die Post post office, mail die Gartenarbeit gardening
die Postkarte(-n) post card das Geschirr crockery
die Postleitzahl(-en)/PLZ post code der Haushalt household
der Regenschirm(-e) umbrella der Karneval carnival
der Reisescheck(-s) traveller’s cheque die Mülltonne(-n) dustbin
die Rettung rescue Neujahr New Year
der Rücken(-) back Ostern Easter
die Schachtel(-n) box putzen to clean
schicken to send die Seife(-n) soap
der Schlafsack(“e) sleeping bag staub saugen to vacuum
die Schmerzen pain Weihnachten Christmas
der Schnupfen(-) head cold die Zahnbürste(-n) toothbrush
der Sicherheitsgurt(-e) seat-belt die Zahnpasta toothpaste
der Sirup(-e) syrup
der Sonnenbrand sunburn 3B Healthy Living
die Sparkasse(-n) savings bank
die Tablette(-n) tablet die Ananas pineapple
die Tasche(-n) bag der Apfel(“) apple
telefonieren to telephone der Appetit appetite
die Telefonkarte(-n) telephone card die Aprikose(-n) apricot
die Telefonnummer(-n) telephone number die Banane(-n) banana
die Telefonzelle(-n) telephone booth das Beefsteak steak, beefburger
unterschreiben to sign das Bier(-e) beer
die Unterschrift signature die Birne(-n) pear
verbinden to connect der Blumenkohl cauliflower
verletzt injured die grüne Bohne(-n) green beans
Vorsicht! be careful, watch der Bratensaft gravy
out! die Bratwurst(“e) fried / grilled
die Vorwahlnummer(-n) dialling code sausage
wählen to choose, to dial das Brot(-e) bread
wechseln to change das Brötchen(-) roll
die Wechselstube bureau de die Butter butter
change die
der Cola
cola
weh tun to hurt Duft(“e) scent
der Zahn(“e) tooth das Ei(-er) egg
die Zahnpasta toothpaste das Eis(no pl.) ice cream
zurückziehen to draw back die Erbse(-n) pea
die Erdbeere(-n) strawberry
THEME/MODULE 3 WORK AND der Essig vinegar
LIFESTYLE das Fett fat
fettig fatty
3A Home Life fit fit
das Gemüse vegetables
abspülen to wash up, rinse off das Getränk(-e) drink
abtrocknen to dry up das Hähnchen(-) chicken
aufpassen to look or watch out der Hamburger(-) hamburger
aufräumen to tidy up die Hauptspeise main dish
bügeln to iron das Kalbfleisch veal
decken to lay (the table) der/das Joghurt(-s) yoghurt

28
die Karotte(-n) carrot ausrichten to tell someone
die Kartoffel(-n) potato something
der Käse(-) cheese austragen to deliver
die Kirsche(-n) cherry babysitten to babysit
der Kohl cabbage der Babysitter babysitter
die Lebensmittel(-) food der Beruf(-e) job, occupation
die Limo(nade)(-n) lemonade das Büro(-s) office
die Meeresfrüchte (pl.) seafood der Chef(-s) chief, head
mischen to mix erlauben to permit
der Nachtisch dessert die Fabrik(-en) factory
das Öl oil die Firma(Firmen) company
das Omelett(-en) omelette fotokopieren to photocopy
der Pfeffer pepper Hallo hello/hallo
der Pfirsich(-e) peach das Handy(-s) mobile phone
der Pilz(-e) mushroom der Kunde(-n)/ customer
die Pizza(-s/Pizzen) pizza die Kundin(-nen)
der Reis rice der Lehrgang(“e) course
das Rezept(-e) recipe liefern to deliver
das Rindfleisch beef der Lohn(“e) pay
die Sahne cream die Maschine(-n) machine
der Salat(-e) salad die Nachricht(-en) news, message
das Salz salt organisieren to organise
die Schale(-n) bowl, skin sparen to save
der Schinken ham die Stelle(-n) job, position
schneiden to cut das Taxi(-s) taxi
die Schokolade(-n) chocolate teilen to share
das Schweinefleisch pork der Teilzeitjob(-s) part-time job
der Senf mustard die Telefonnummer(-n) telephone number
die Spaghetti spaghetti verdienen to earn
die Spezialität(-en) speciality verschieden different
das Steak(-s) steak wissen to know
die Süßigkeit(-en) sweet die Zeitung(-en) newspaper
die Tomate(-n) tomato zurückrufen to call back
unfit unfit
ungesund unhealthy 3D Leisure
die Vanille vanilla
der
dieVegetarier(-) /
Vegetarierin(-nen)
vegetarian der Abenteuerfilm(-e)
annehmen
adventure film
to accept, take
das Vitamin(-e) vitamin die Anzeige(-n) advertisement
der Wein(-e) wine der Ausflug(“e) trip
die Weintraube(-n) grape ausgehen to go out
die Wurst(“e) sausage ausverkauft sold out
die Zitrone(-n) lemon der Ausweis(-e) identity card
der Zucker sugar bedauern to regret, feel
sorry for
3C Part-Time Jobs and Work Experience
Experience bestimmt particular, certain
der Dokumentarfilm(-e) documentary film
die Antwort(-en) answer einladen to invite
der Apparat(-e) apparatus, die Einladung(-en) invitation
appliance der Eintritt(-e) entrance
die Arbeit(-en) work das Eintrittsgeld entrance money
das Arbeitspraktikum work experience der Film(-e) film
(-praktika) der Freizeitpark(-s) leisure park

29
der Grund(“e) reason die Apotheke(-n) dispensing
der Horrorfilm(-e) horror film chemist
das Informationsbüro(-s) information office der Aufzug(“e) lift
die Karte(-n) card ausgeben to distribute, give
klassisch classical out
die Komödie(-n) comedy die Bäckerei bakers
das Konzert(-e) concert der Badeanzug(“e) swimsuit
der Krimi(-s) crime film die Badehose(-n) swimming trunks
der Liebesfilm(-e) romance film die Banane(-n) banana
das Lied(-er) song die Bank(-en) bank
die Liste(-n) list die Baumwolle cotton
die Nachrichten(pl.) news bekommen to receive, get
der Pop pop die Birne(-n) pear
das Programm(-e) programme, die Bluse(-n) blouse
channel das Bonbon(-s) sweet
der Prospekt(-e) brochure die Brieftasche(-n) wallet
der Sänger(-) / singer das Brot(-e) bread
die Sängerin(-nen) das Brötchen(-) roll
der Schauspieler(-)/ actor die Buchhandlung(-en) bookshop
die Schauspielerin(-nen) die Butter butter
die Sciencefiction science fiction die CD(-s) CD
der Sciencefictionfilm(-e) science fiction film die Chips(pl.) crisps
das Segelboot(-e) sailing boat die Dose(-n) tin
die Sendung(-en) programme die Drogerie chemist’s shop,
die Serie(-n) series drugstore
sicherlich certainly das Einkaufszentrum shopping centre
der Sitz(-e) seat (-zentren)
der Sportplatz(“e) playing field das Erdgeschoss(-e) ground floor
das Sportzentrum(-zentren) sports centre die Etage(-n) floor
der Tanz(“e) dance die Flasche(-n) bottle
das Theaterstück(-e) play der Fotoapparat(-e) camera
die Touristeninformation tourist information der Geldbeutel(-) purse
(-en) das Gemüse vegetables
die Überraschung(-en) surprise geöffnet open
unglücklich unhappy das Geschäft(-e) shop
der Untertitel(-) subtitle die Geschäftszeit(-en) shop opening
die Versammlung(-en) assembly,
meeting das Geschenk(-e)
hours
present
vorschlagen to suggest geschlossen closed
die Vorstellung(-en) performance gratis free
warten auf +acc to wait for die Größe(-n) size
der Zettel(-) bill, receipt der Handschuh(-e) glove
der Zirkus(-se) circus das Hemd(-en) shirt
die Hose(-n) trousers
3E Shopping der Hut(“e) hat
die Jacke(-n) jacket
die Abteilung(-en) department die Jeans(-) jeans
anbieten to offer die Kamera(-s) camera
das Angebot(-e) offer der Käse cheese
anprobieren to try on die Kassette(-n) cassette
der Apfel(“) apple kaufen to buy
die Apfelsine(-n) orange das Kaufhaus(“er) department store
der Kaugummi chewing gum

30
der Keks(-e) biscuit das Sonderangebot(-e) special offer
das Kleid(-er) dress die Sonnenbrille(-n) sun glasses
die Kleidung clothing die Sonnencreme sun cream
die Konditorei cake shop das Souvenir(-s) souvenir
der Korb(“e) basket sparen to save
kostenlos free of charge der Stock(“e) floor
die Krawatte(-n) tie der Supermarkt(“e) supermarket
die Kreditkarte(-n) credit card das Süßwarengeschäft(-e) sweet shop
der Kunde(-n) / customer das Sweatshirt(-s) sweatshirt
die Kundin(-nen) die Tabakwaren (pl.) tobacco
der Laden(“) shop die Tasche(-n) bag, pocket
das Lebensmittel/ food/grocery shop das Taschengeld pocket money
geschäft(-e) die Tomate(-n) tomato
das Leder leather das T-Shirt(-s) T-shirt
der Lift(-s) lift die Tüte(-n) bag
der Mantel(“) coat der Umschlag(“e) envelope
der Markt(“e) market das Untergeschoss basement
die Metzgerei butcher der Verbrauchermarkt(“e) hypermarket
das Möbel(-) furniture verschließen to close
die Mode(-n) fashion wasserdicht waterproof
die Nahrung food die Zeitschrift(-en) magazine
das Obst fruit
offen open THEME/MODULE 4 THE YOUN
YOUNG
G PERSON
öffnen to open IN SOCIETY
die Öffnungszeit(-en) opening time
die Orange(-n) orange 4A Character and Personal Relationships
Relationships
das Paar pair
die Packung(-en) packet dumm stupid
das Päckchen(-) small parcel die Erlaubnis(-se) permission
das Paket(-e) parcel, bundle humorlos humourless
das Parfum(-s) perfume klug clever
der Pfirsich(-e) peach kritisieren to criticise
das Picknick(-s) picnic die Liebe love
die Praline(-n) filled chocolate der Mensch(-en) human being
der Pulli(-s) pullover der Streit(-e) argument
der Pullover(-) pullover streiten to argue
der Pyjama(-s)
der Regenschirm(-e)
pyjamas
umbrella
das Verhältnis(-se)
verstehen
relationship
to understand
der Ring(-e) ring
der Rock(“e) skirt 4B The Environment
die Schachtel(-n) box
der Schal(-s/-e) scarf der Abfall(“e) rubbish
der Scheck(-s) cheque bauen to build
der Schinken ham das Doppelhaus(“er) semi-detached
der Schlafanzug(“e) pyjamas house
schließen to close das Einzelhaus(“er) detached house
der Schlips(-e) tie das Erdgeschoss(-e) ground floor
der Schmuck jewellery die Fußgängerzone(-n) pedestrian
der Schnurrbart(“e) moustache precinct
die Schreibwaren (pl.) stationery das Gas(-e) gas
der Schuh(-e) shoe das Gebäude(-) building
die Shorts(-) shorts die Gefahr(-en) danger
die Socke(-n) sock der Gehsteig(-e) pavement

31
die Hauptverkehrszeit peak traffic time die Mode(-n) fashion
der Lärm noise das Nachsitzen detention
der Lastwagen(-) lorry, truck das Pflichtfach(“er) compulsory
der Lebensraum habitat subject
die Luft air plaudern to chat
der Nachbar(-) / neighbour praktisch practical
die Nachbarin(-nen) die Realschule(-n) secondary school
th
obdachlos homeless without 6 form
öffentlich public die Regel(-n) rule
öffentlicher public transport das Resultat(-e) result
Personenverkehr schick chic, smart
das Problem(-e) problem der Schmuck jewellery
rauchen to smoke der Schutz protection
das Recycling recycling schützen to protect
das Reihenhaus(“er) terraced house die Sicherheit safety, security
der (Verkehrs)stau(-e) traffic jam sorgen für+acc to care for
die Umwelt(-en) environment die Strafarbeit extra work (as
die Umweltverschmutzung environmental punishment)
pollution der Student(-en) student
die Unterkunft(“e) accommodation studieren to study
der Verkehr (no pl.) traffic das Studium (Studien) course of study
wegwerfen to throw away tragen to wear
die Welt(-en) world die Uniform(-en) uniform
die Wohnung(-en) flat die Universität(-en) university
der soziale Wohnungsbau public sector unterstützen to support
housing der Vandalismus vandalism
das Wahlfach(“er) optional subject
4C Education
4D Careers and Future Plans
das Abitur School leaving
exam and der Beruf(-e) job, occupation
University entrance im Freien in the open air
qualification der Handel trade
altmodisch old fashioned der Lohn(“e) pay, salary
angreifen to attack das Marketing marketing
die Ausbildung training der Tourismus tourism
die Berufsausbildung vocational die Verantwortung(-en) responsibility
training
die Disziplin discipline + jobs as appropriate
die Fachhochsch
Fachhochschule(-n)
ule(-n) specialist college
die Gesamtschule(-n) comprehensive 4E Social Issu
Issues,
es, Choic
Choices
es and
school Responsibilities
die Gewalt(-en) power, force
d as Graffiti graffiti der Alkohol alcohol
die Grundschule(-n) primary school arbeitslos unemployed
das Gymnasium(-ien) grammar school bekannt geben to announce
die Hochschule(-n) university betrunken drunk
das Internat(-e) boarding school das Bild(-er) picture
der Kindergarten(!) nursery school die Droge(-n) drug
korrigieren to correct der Drogensüchtige drug addict
die Lehre(-n) apprenticeship sich gewöhnen an +acc to get used to
der Lehrling(-e) apprentice die Krankheit(-en) illness
das Make-up make up der Krebs cancer

32
das Image(-s) image
rauchen to smoke
das Stellenangebot offer of a job
die Sucht addiction
die Süchtigkeit addiction
der Tabak tobacco
die Werbung(-en) advertisement
die Zigarette(-n) cigarette

33
Additional Vocabulary - by Themes/Modules
THEME/MODULE 1 MY WORLD
1A Self, Family & Friends 1E School & Future Plans (Up to 18)

die Autorität(-en) authority der Abschluss German School

die Glatze bald head leaving certificate
der Nachname(-n) surname die Arbeitsgruppe(n) school club, society
die Nationalität(-en) nationality (AG)
der Programmierer(-)/ programmer ausfallen to be cancelled
die Programmiererin (-nen) malen to paint
der Schluss(“e) end die Privatschule(-n)
independent school
der Streit(-s) argument das Schulsystem school system
der / die Verwandte(-n) relation schwer difficult, hard,
heavy
1B Interests & Hobbies schwierig difficult
sitzen bleiben to have to repeat a
anstrengend hard work, year
taxing die Sporthalle(-n) sports hall
das Ausdauertraining stamina training die Versammlung(en) assembly
joggen
die Kapelle(-n) to jog orchestra
band, das Zeugnis(-se) report
die Leichtathletik athletics THEME/MODULE 2 HOLIDAY
der Schläger(-) racket TIME & TRAVEL
das Taschenbuch(“er) paperback book
2A Travel, Transp
Transport
ort & Finding the
1C Home & Local Environment Way
der Dachboden attic biegen to turn, bend
die Eisbahn(-en) icerink die Dauer(-n) length, duration
die Eissporthalle(-n) ice stadium die Fähre(-n) ferry
der Flohmarkt(“e) flea market die Fahrtdauer length of the
die Galerie(-n) gallery journey
die Grünanlage(-n) green space lösen to solve, to buy a
die Kneipe(-n) bar, pub ticket
das Kuscheltier(-e) soft toy das Parkhaus(“er) multi-storey car
park
1D Daily Routine der Parkschein(-e) parking ticket
das Schild(-er) sign
sich duschen to shower der Stau(-s) traffic jam
der Honig honey die Tiefgarage(-n) underground car
der Kakao cocoa park
die Marmelade jam der Tierpark(-s) zoo
das Müsli muesli verpassen to miss
sich rasieren to shave verspätet delayed
die Süßigkeit(-en) sweet Verspätung haben to be delayed, late

34
2B Tourism das Fundbüro(-s) lost property office
die Gefahr(-en) danger
das Abenteuer adventure der Heuschnupfen hay fever
bewölkt cloudy der Husten cough
feucht damp das Kanu(-s) canoe
die Gastfamilie(-n) host family die Kaution(-en) deposit
hageln to hail der Kurs(-e) exchange rate, course
heiter fine
die Pension(-en) guest house niesen
die Panne(-n) to sneeze
breakdown
regnerisch rainy die Reifenpanne(-n) flat tyre, puncture
schwül sultry, close die Salbe(-n) ointment, cream
der Schalter(-) counter, switch
2C Accommodation stehlen to steal
der Stiefel(-) boot
der Aufenthalt(-e) stay, stop der Termin(-e) appointment, date
der Aufenthaltsraum(“e) day room der Unfall(“e) accident
belegt full vermissen to miss
der Fernsehraum(“e) TV room die Versicherung insurance
der Föhn hairdryer der Zeuge(-n) witness
gebucht booked
kaputt broken
THEME/MODULE 3 WORK &
der Waschraum(“e)
der day room
Tagesraum(“e) washing-room LIFESTYLE
das Wohnmobil(-e) motor caravan
3A Home Life
2D Daily Routine die Feier(-n) celebration
der Feiertag(-e) public holiday
der Blumenkohl cauliflower
das Feuerwerk firework
die Bohne(-n) beans
gießen to water, pour
draußen outside
gratulieren to congratulate
die Eisdiele(-n) ice-cream parlour
der Haushalt household
die Erbse(-n) pea
die Hausordnung house rules
das Fax fax
der Heiligabend Christmas Eve
die Forelle(-n) trout
die Kerze(-n) candle
die Grillstube(-n) grill restaurant
der Namenstag name-day, saint’s
das Kännchen(-) small pot day
die Kultur culture
die Regel(-n) rule
das Rindfleisch beef
Rosenmontag day before Shrove
der Ruhetag(-e) closing day
Tuesday
die Terrasse(-n) terrace
Silvester New Year’s Eve
das Trinkgeld(-er) tip
der Umzug(“e) procession
vegetarisch vegetarian
3B Healthy Living
2E Services
der Auflauf soufflé
der Abschleppdienst breakdown
backen to bake
recovery service
der Champignon(-s) mushroom
blass pale
hacken to chop
der Dienst(-e) work, service
einlösen to cash halbieren to cut in half
das Hauptgericht(-e) main meal
der Euroschein(-e) euro note

35
das Kraut cabbage 3E Shopping
die Möhre(-n) carrot
schälen to peel alles unter einem everything under
schlagen to whip, beat Dach one roof
die Traube(-n) grape angucken to watch
die Vorbereitung(-en) preparation der Ausverkauf sale
würzen to season sich befinden to be situated
sich beschweren to complain
zugeben
die Zutat(-en) to add
ingredient das Elektrogerät(-e) electrical appliance
die Zwiebel(-n) onion empfehlen to recommend
die Figur(-en) figure, shape
3C Part-time Jobs & Work Experience funktioniert functioned
das Gedränge crowd, pushing and
die Anzeige(-n) advertisement, shoving
report die Information(-en) information
aufregend exciting das Internet internet
besprechen to discuss, talk das Internetshopping internet shopping
about die Klamotte(-n) gear, clothing
der Betrieb(-e) business die Parfümerie perfumery
der Betriebsleiter(-)/ manager die Rolltreppe(-n) escalator
die Betriebsleiterin(-nen) der Spezialladen(“) specialist shop
der Bewerbungsbrief(-e) application
letter
das Stress
der Spielzeug(-e) toy
stress
die Bezahlung pay umtauschen to exchange
diszipliniert disciplined zuerst first of all
der Friseur(-e)/Frisör(-e)/ hairdresser
die Friseurin(-nen)/Frisörin(-nen) THEME/MODULE 4 THE YOUNG
im Freien in the open air PERSON IN SOCIETY
das Interview interview
jobben to do odd jobs 4A Character & Personal
kontaktfreudig sociable Relationships
die Nachricht(-en) news
die Natur nature das Abwaschen washing up
selbstständig independent ähnlich similar
verbessern to improve
angeberisch boastful,
pretentious
3D Leisure arrogant arrogant
attraktiv attractive
die Gameshow(-s) game show die Beziehung(-en) relationship
die Lust pleasure, joy die Ehrlichkeit honesty
die Rundfahrt round trip einander each other, one
spannend exciting another
der Spielfilm(-e) feature film eingebildet conceited
die Tagesschau TV News engagiert committed
die Talkshow(-s) talk show frech cheeky
teilnehmen to take part das Geheimnis(-se) secret
das Tor(-e) goal gesellig sociable
das Training training gut gelaunt in a good mood
der Trickfilm(-s) cartoon heiraten to marry
der Humor humour

36
die Karriere(-n) career sauer sour
launisch moody das Schwefeldioxid sulphur dioxide
lässig casual die Spraydose(-n) aerosol can
liebevoll loving der Strom electricity, river,
locker loose, laid back current
miteinander together, with each die Tierarten animal species
other umweltfeindlich environmentally

die Nachdenklichkeitthoughtful
nachdenklich thoughtfulness umweltfreundlich unfriendly
environmentally
oberflächlich superficial friendly
pünktlich punctual der Umweltschutz environmental
romantisch romantic protection
rücksichtsvoll considerate, das Verkehrsmittel(-)means of transport
thoughtful die Verpackung(-en)packaging
schlecht gelaunt in a bad mood verpesten to pollute
selbstbewusst self conscious verschmutzen to get dirty, pollute
selbstsüchtig selfish die Verschmutzung pollution
solo solo verwenden to use
tolerant tolerant wachsen to grow
treu true, faithful der Weg(-e) path, way
der Typ type
untreu unfaithful 4C Education
verantwortlich responsible
das Vertrauen trust, confidence der Abschluss German school
weinen to cry leaving certificate
zuverlässig reliable allgemein general
autoritär authoritarian
4B The Environment die Clique clique
der Gegenstand object
anbauen to cultivate, grow kaum hardly
die Auspuffgase(pl.) exhaust fumes die Lehre(-n) apprenticeship
autofrei no cars allowed der Leistungsdruck pressure to achieve
das Benzin petrol modisch fashionable
das Blatt(“er) leaf, sheet nerven to get on someone’s
bleifrei unleaded nerves
die Einwegflasche(-n) non-returnable das Schulgelände school grounds
bottle der Streber(-) swot
das Fahrrad(“er) bicycle überhaupt in general
feindlich hostile verständnisvoll understanding
die Großstadt(“e) city
die Heimatstadt(“e) home town 4D Careers & Future
Future Plan
Plans
s
das Hochhaus(“er) high rise building (Post age 18)
das Kraftwerk(-e) power station
der Müll rubbish der Alltag daily routine
die Mülltonne(-n) dustbin der Altenpfleger(-)/ geriatric nurse
organisch organic die Altenpflegerin(-nen)
das Pestizid pesticide der Anstreicher(-) (house) painter
die Pfandflasche(-n) returnable bottle die Anstreicherin(-nen)
das Produkt(-e)
produzieren
produce
to produce der Au-Pair-Junge
das male aupair
Au-Pair-Mädchen female aupair

37
der Bauingenieur(-e)/ civil engineer der Rechtsanwalt(“e)/ lawyer
die Bauingenieurin(-nen) die Rechtsanwältin(-nen)
bereit ready das Schichtsystem shift system
der Blumenhändler(-) /florist die Schulbildung education, schooling
die Blumenhändlerin(-nen) selbstständig independent
dagegen against something stark in strong in, good at
der Dolmetscher(-)/ interpreter der Studienplatz(“e) university/college

diedie Dolmetscherin(-nen)
Ehe(-n) marriage der Tischler(-) / place
joiner
ehrgeizig ambitious die Tischlerin(-nen)
die Eigenschaft(-en) quality tüchtig efficient
der Florist(-en) / florist übersetzen to translate
die Floristin(-nen) die Verantwortlichkeit responsibility
der Führerschein driving licence sich verloben to become engaged
der Gärtner(-) / gardener warmherzig warm-hearted
die Gärtnerin(-nen)
geschickt skilful 4E Social Issues,
Issues, Choice &
herumreisen to travel around Responsibilities
der Kollege(-n) / colleague
die Kollegin(-nen) der Ausländer(-) / foreigner
der Kosmetiker(-) / beautician die Ausländerin(-nen)
die Kosmetikerin(-nen) behindert
die Dummheit
handicapped
stupidity
der Kurs(-e) course
der Lebenslauf(“e) c.v. ekelhaft disgusting
der Lohn(“e) wage, pay entspannend relaxing
der Modezeichner(-) / fashion designer erwachsen grown up
die Modezeichnerin(-nen) die Pfeife(-n) pipe
die Qualifikation qualification reizvoll charming, delightful
qualifiziert qualified schädlich harmful
wahnsinnig insane, mad

38
 Vocabulary in the Specification – Alphabetical
ab + dat from angeln to fish
der Abend(-e) evening angenehm pleasant
das Abendessen(
Abendessen(-)-) evening meal der/die Angestellte(-n) employee
der Abenteuerfilm(-e) adventure film angreifen to attack
aber but Angst haben to be afraid
abfahren to depart anhalten to stop
die Abfahrt(-en) departure ankommen to arrive
der Abfall(“e) rubbish die Ankunft(“e) arrival
abhängig dependent die Anmeldung(-en) reception
das Abitur German School annehmen to accept, take
leaving certificate anprobieren to try on
abspülen to wash up, rinse off anrufen to call, telephone
die Abteilung(-en) department sich ansehen to look at oneself
abtrocknen to dry up die Antwort(-en) answer
Achtung! watch out! antworten to answer
die Adresse(-n) address die Anzeige(-n) advertisement
Afrika Africa anziehen to put on
aktiv active der Apfel(“) apple
der Alkohol alcohol der Apfelsaft(“e) apple juice
all all die Apfelsine(-n) orange

allein
alle X Minuten alone
every X minutes die
der Apotheke(-n)
Apparat(-e) chemist’s
apparatus,shop
appliance
alles everything der Appetit appetite
die Alpen Alps die Aprikose(-n) apricot
also therefore April April
alt old die Arbeit (-en) work
das Alter age arbeiten to work
älter older arbeitslos unemployed
altmodisch old fashioned das Arbeitspraktikum work experience
(-praktika)
am besten best of all arm poor
am nächsten / the next / following der Arm(-e) arm
folgenden Tag …day die Art(-en) sort, kind
am vorigen/ the previous der Arzt(“e)/die Ärztin(- doctor
vorhergehenden
Samstag
Saturday nen)
auch also
Amerika America auf + acc/dat on, onto
der Amerikaner American man auf der anderen Seite on the other side
die Amerikanerin American woman auf Wiedersehen! goodbye!
amerikanisch American auflegen to put on, hang up
die Ampel(-n) traffic light aufmachen to open
amüsant amusing aufpassen to look or watch out /
sich amüsieren to enjoy oneself to pay attention
an + acc/dat at, on, onto aufräumen to tidy up
die Ananas pineapple aufschließen to unlock
anbieten to offer aufstehen to get up
der/die/das andere the other aufwachen to wake up

anders als different, differently

different from der Aufzug(“e)
das Auge(-n) lift
eye
anfangen to begin
das Angebot(-e) offer
39
der Augenblick moment die Bank(-en) bank
August August die Bar(-s) bar
die Aula(Aulen) assembly hall das Bargeld cash
aus + dat out of der Bart(“e) beard
die Ausbildung training Basel Basle
der Ausflug(“e) outing, excursion der Basketball basketball
einen Ausflug machen to go on an outing / der Bauch stomach
excursion bauen to build
der Ausgang(“e) exit das Bauernhaus(“er) farmhouse
ausgeben to distribute, give der Baum(“e) tree
out die Baumwolle cotton
ausgehen to go out der Beamte(-n) / official
ausgezeichnet excellent die Beamtin(-nen)
ausgleichen to even out der Becher(-) carton, pot, tub, mug
die Auskunft(“e) piece of information bedauern to feel sorry for,
das Ausland abroad regret
ausreichend adequate, sufficient die Bedienung service
ausrichten to tell someone das Beefsteak steak, beefburger
something beenden to end, finish
aussehen to look, appear der Beginn beginning
außen outside beginnen to begin
außer + dat except begleiten to accompany
außerdem as well as, besides bei + dat at the house of
die Aussicht view beide both
aussteigen to get out das Bein(-e) leg
der Austausch exchange bekannt geben to announce
austragen to deliver bekommen to receive, get
ausverkauft sold out Belgien Belgium
der Ausweis(-e) identity card der Belgier(-) Belgian man
das Auto(-s) car die Belgierin(-nen) Belgian woman
die Autobahn(-en) motorway belgisch Belgian
benutzen to use
das Baby(-s) baby bequem comfortable
babysitten to babysit bereiten to prepare
der Babysitter babysitter der Berg(-e) mountain

der Bäcker(-)
Bäckerin / die
(-nen) Baker Bern
der Beruf(-e) Bern
job, occupation
die Bäckerei bakery die Berufsausbildung vocational training
das Bad(“er) bath berühmt famous
der Badeanzug(“e) swimsuit berühren to touch
die Badehose(-n) swimming trunks beschäftigt occupied
das Badetuch(“er) bath towel beschreiben to describe
das Badezimmer(-) bathroom besetzt occupied
das Badminton badminton besitzen to own, possess
der Bahnhof(“e) railway station der Besitzer(-) / die owner
der Bahnsteig(-e) platform Besitzerin(nen)
bald soon besonders especially
der Balkon(-e) balcony besser better
der Ball(“e) ball sich besser fühlen to feel better
die Banane(-n) banana
die Band(-s) band

40
bestätigen to confirm, endorse die Briefmarke(-n) stamp
bestellen to order die Brieftasche(-n) wallet
am besten best of all die Briefträger(-) / postman/woman
bestimmt particular, certain die Briefträgerin(-nen)
der Besuch(-e) visit die Brille(-n) glasses
besuchen to visit der Brite(-n) British man
betrunken drunk die Britin(-nen) British woman
das Bett(-en) bed britisch British
bezahlen to pay die Broschüre(-n) broschure
gut/schlecht bezahlt good / badly paid das Brot(e) bread
die Bibliothek(-en) library das Brötchen(-) bread roll
das Bier(-e) beer die Brücke(-n) bridge
das Bild(-er) picture der Bruder( “) brother
billig cheap das Buch(“er) book
die Biologie Biology die Buchhandlung(-en) bookshop
die Birne(-n) pear buchstabieren to spell
bis + acc until bügeln to iron
bis bald see you soon der Bungalow(-s) bungalow
bis morgen see you tomorrow bunt brightly coloured,
bisschen a bit, a little colourful
bitte? pardon? please? die Burg(-en) castle
blau blue das Büro(-s) office

bleiben
der Bleistift(-e) to stay
pencil der Busbahnhof(“e)
Bus(-se) bus
bus station
der Blick(-e) look, view die Bushaltestelle(-n) bus stop
der Blitz lightning die Butter butter
blitzen to flash with das Butterbrot(-e) slice of bread and
lightning butter
blond blonde das Café(-s) café
bloß bare, mere das Camping camping
die Blume(-n) flower der Campingplatz(“e) camp site
der Blumenkohl cauliflower die CD(-s) CD
die Bluse(-n) blouse der CD-Spieler(-) CD player
die Bockwurst(“e) bockwurst der Chef(-s) chief, head
das Bonbon(s) sweet die Chemie Chemistry
Bonn Bonn die Chips(pl.) crisps
böse angry der Chor(“e) choir
der Braten(-) roast die Cola cola
der Bratensaft gravy der Computer(-) computer
die Bratwurst(“e) fried / grilled der Cousin(-s) / cousin
sausage die Cousine(-n)
brauchen to need die Currywurst(“e) curry sausage
braun brown with spicy ketchup
brechen to break
breit wide d.h. (das heißt) i.e.
der Brief(-e) letter da there
der Brieffreund(-e) / penfriend damals then, at that time
die Brieffreundin (-nen) die Dame(-n) lady
(-nen) danke thanks
der Briefkasten(“) letter box danken + dat to thank

41
dann then der Durst thirst
dauern to last Durst haben to be thirsty
decken to lay (the table) durstig thirsty
denken to think die Dusche(-n) shower
das Denkmal(“er) monument duschen to shower
deshalb for that reason, das Dutzend dozen
because of that
Deutsch German die Ecke(-n) corner
der Deutsche(-n) German man ehemalig former
die Deutsche(-n) German woman das Ei(-er) egg
Deutschland Germany eigen own
Dezember December der Eilzug(“e) stopping train
dick fat, thick ein / eine / ein a, an
Dienstag Tuesday die Einbahnstraße(-n) one way street
dieser this eine Frage stellen to ask a question
diesmal this time einfach simple, single
direkt direct die Einfahrt(-en) entry
der Direktor(-en) / director das detached house
die Direktorin (-nen) Einfamilienhaus(“er)
die Disko(-s) disco einige some
die Disziplin discipline ein Jahr früher a year earlier
doch but einkaufen to go shopping
der Dokumentarfilm (-e) documentary film das Einkaufszentrum, shopping centre
der Dom(-e) cathedral (-zentren)
der Donner thunder einladen to invite
donnern to thunder die Einladung(-en) invitation
Donnerstag Thursday ein paar a few
doof stupid, dumb einsam lonely
das Doppelhaus(“er) semi-detached einschließlich including
house einsteigen to get in
das Doppelzimmer(-) double room der Eintritt(-e) entrance
das Dorf( “er) village das Eintrittsgeld entrance money
dort/da there einverstanden agreed
die Dose(-n) tin einwerfen to post
das Drama Drama der Einwohner(-) inhabitant
drehen to turn das Einzelhaus(“er) detached house
dritte third das Einzelkind(-er) only child
die Droge(-n) drug einzeln individual
der Drogensüchtige drug addict das Einzelzimmer(-) single room
die Drogerie chemist das Eis(no pl.) ice cream
drüben over there die Eltern pl. parents
drücken to press der Empfang reception
der Duft(“e) scent das Ende end
dumm stupid zu Ende finished
dunkel dark enden to end
dünn thin endlich finally
durch + acc through das Endspiel final
der Durchfall diarrhoea eng narrow

dürfen to be allowed England

der Engländer(-) England
the English man

42
die Engländerin(-nen) English woman die Fahrkarte(-n) ticket
Englisch English der Fahrkartenschalter ticket window
enorm enormous der Fahrplan(“e) timetable
entlang + acc/dat along das Fahrrad(“er) bicycle
sich entscheiden to decide der Fahrschein(e) ticket
entschuldigen to excuse der Fahrstuhl(“e) lift
sich entschuldigen to apologise die Fahrt(-en) journey
Entschuldigung excuse, apology fallen to fall
sich erbrechen to be sick falsch false, wrong
die Erbse(-n) pea die Familie family
die Erdbeere(-n) strawberry der/die Familienan- family member
das Erdgeschoss(-e) ground floor gehörige(-n)
die Erdkunde Geography der Familienname surname, family
Erfolg haben to be successful name
erfolgreich successful das Familienzimmer(-) family room
sich erinnern to remember der Fan(-s) fan
die Erinnerung(-en) memory fantastisch fantastic
sich erkälten to catch a cold die Farbe(-n) colour
erlauben to permit Fasching Carnival
die Erlaubnis(-se) permission fast almost
erlaubt permitted die Fastenzeit Lent
erscheinen to appear, seem faul lazy
erste first Februar February
der Erste-Hilfe-Kasten first aid cabinet fehlen to be missing, lack
erstens firstly der Fehler(-) mistake
der/die Erwachsene (-n) grown-up, adult feiern to celebrate
erzählen to tell der Feiertag holiday
es gab there was / were das Feld(-er) field
es gehört it belongs to das Fenster(-) window
es gibt (nicht) there is/are (not) die Ferien pl. holidays
es war it was fernsehen to watch TV
essen to eat der Fernseher(-) TV
der Essig vinegar fertig finished, ready
das Esszimmer(-) dining room fertig sein to be ready, be
die Etage(-n) floor finished
etwa about, fest solid, firm
approximately das Fest(-e) celebration
etwas something das Fett fat
die EU the EU fettig fatty
der Euro(-) Euro die Feuerwehr fire service
Europa Europe das Fieber fever
extra extra der Film(-e) film
finden to find
fabelhaft fantastic der Finger(-) finger
die Fabrik(-en) factory die Firma(Firmen) company
das Fach(“er) subject der Fisch(-e) fish
die Fachhochsch
Fachhochschule(-n)
ule(-n) college ( for fit fit
specialist das Fitnesszentrum fitness centre
Subjects)
fahren to travel (-zentren)
der Fahrer(-) / driver
die Fahrerin (-nen)

43
flach flat frühstücken to eat breakfast
die Flasche(-n) bottle sich fühlen to feel
das Fleisch meat der Füller(-) fountain pen
der Fleischer(-) / die butcher für + acc for
Fleischerin(-nen) furchtbar terrible
fleißig hard working der Fuß(“e) foot
fliegen to fly der Fußball football
der Flug(“e) flight die Fußgängerzone(-n) pedestrian precinct
der Flughafen(“) airport
das Flugzeug(-e) aeroplane die Gabel(-n) fork
der Flur(-e) corridor der Gang(“e) corridor
der Fluss(“e) river ganz quite
folgen + dat to follow ganz ordentlich pretty good
fortführen to carry on, continue die Garage(-n) garage
das Foto(-s) photo der Garten(“) garden
der Fotoapparat(-e) camera die Gartenarbeit gardening
fotografieren to take a photo das Gas(-e) gas
fotokopieren to photocopy der Gast(“e) guest
die Frage(-n) question die Gastfreundschaft hospitality
fragen to ask, question das Gasthaus(“er) pub, restaurant
der Franken Swiss franc das Gebäude(-) building
Frankreich France geben to give
der Franzose(-n) French man das Gebiet(-e) region
die Französin(-nen) French woman geboren am….. born on the….
Französisch French die Geburt birth
die Frau(-en) woman der Geburtstag(-e) birthday
frei free geduldig patient
das Freibad(“er) open air swimming gefallen + dat to like something
pool gegen + acc towards / against
im Freien in the open air die Gegend landscape, region
Freitag Friday das Gegenteil opposite
das Freizeichen dialling tone gegenüber + dat opposite
die Freizeit leisure time das Gehalt salary
der Freizeitpark(-s) leisure park gehen to go
der/die Fremde(-n) stranger der Gehsteig(-e) pavement
mit Freude with joy es geht not too bad, I’m
sich freuen to be happy, pleased alright
sich freuen auf + acc to look forward to gelb yellow
der Freund(-e) / friend das Geld money
die Freundin(-nen) der Geldbeutel purse
freundlich friendly der Geldwechsel exchange of money
die Freundschaft(-en) friendship gem. (gemischt) mixed
frieren to freeze gemein nasty, mean
frisch fresh das Gemüse vegetables
froh happy, cheerful genau exact
der Frost frost genug enough
der Fruchtsaft(“e) fruit juice genug haben to have
früh early enough/sufficient

früher
der Frühling earlier
Spring geöffnet
das Gepäck open
luggage
das Frühstück breakfast

44
die Gepäckaufbe- left luggage Griechenland Greece
wahrung die Griechin Greek woman
gerade straight, just now griechisch Greek
geradeaus straight ahead die Grippe flu
gerecht just groß large
gern gladly großartig magnificent
gern geschehen it is / was a pleasure Großbritannien Great Britain
gern haben to like die Größe(-n) size, height
der Gesamtschule(-n)
die Geruch smell
comprehensive
die Großeltern
die Großmutter(“)pl. grandparents
grandmother
school der Großvater(“) grandfather
das Geschäft(-e) shop grün green
die Geschäftszeit(-en) shop opening hours aus diesem Grund for this reason
geschehen to happen der Grund(“e) reason
das Geschenk(-e) present die Grundschule(-n) primary school
die Geschichte history, story die grüne Bohne(-n) green beans
geschieden divorced die Gruppe(-n) group
das Geschirr crockery Grüß Gott! hello!
geschlossen closed der Gummi(-s) rubber
der Geschmack taste gut good
geschwätzig talkative gut / schlecht riechen to smell good / bad
die Geschwister pl. brothers and sisters Guten Abend good evening
gestern yesterday Guten Tag hello
gesund healthy das Gymnasium grammar school
die Gesundheit health (Gymnasien)
das Getränk(-e) drink die Gymnastik physical exercise
getrennt separated
die Gewalt(-en) power, force das Haar(-e) hair
gewaltig huge haben to have
gewinnen to win der Hafen(“) harbour
das Gewitter(-) thunderstorm das Hähnchen(-) chicken
sich gewöhnen an to get used to halb half
+ acc der Halbbruder(“) half brother
gewöhnlich usually die Halbpension half board
das Glas( “er) glass die Halbschwester(-n) half sister
glauben
gleich
to believe
same, equal, das Hallenbad(“er)
Hallo
indoor swimming pool
hello/hallo
immediately der Hals throat
der/die/das gleiche the same die Haltestelle(-n) bus/tram stop
das Gleis(-e) platform der Hamburger(-) hamburger
das Glück luck der Hamster(-) hamster
glücklich happy die Hand(“e) hand
Gott! God! der Handel trade
der Grad(-e) degree der Handschuh(-e) glove
das Graffiti graffiti das Handtuch(“er) hand towel
das Gramm gram das Handy (-s) mobile phone
gratis free hart hard
grau grey hassen to hate
der Grieche Greek man hässlich ugly
der Hauptbahnhof(“e) main railway station
die Hauptspeise main dish

45
die Hauptstraße(-n) main street hoffentlich hopefully
die Hauptverkehrszeit rush hour höflich polite
die Hausaufgabe(-n) homework der Holländer(-) Dutch man
die Hausfrau(-en) housewife die Holländerin(-nen) Dutch woman
der Haushalt household holländisch Dutch
die Hausnummer(-n) house number das Holz wood
das Haustier(-e) pet hören to hear
heben to lift, raise der Hörer receiver, listener
das Heft(-e)
heftig
exercise book
violent
der Horrorfilm(-e)
die Hose(-n)
horror film
trousers
heiß hot das Hotel(-s) hotel
heißen to be called hübsch pretty
das heißt that is ( to say) humorlos humourless
helfen to help der Hund(-e) dog
hell pale, light der Hunger hunger
das Hemd(-en) shirt Hunger haben to be hungry
her towards hungrig hungry
herabgesetzt reduced der Hut(“e) hat
der Herbst Autumn die Idee(-n) idea
der Herd(-e) cooker gute Idee good idea
hereinkommen to come in das Image(-s) image
Herr Mr der Imbiss(-e) snack
der Herr gentleman die Imbissstube(-n) snack bar
herrlich marvellous immer always
Herr Ober Waiter! immer noch still
hervorragend outstanding in + acc/dat in / into
herzlich warm, sincere inbegriffen included
heute today die Industrie(-n) industry
heute Morgen this morning die Informatik IT
heutzutage nowadays die Information(-en) information desk
hier here das information office
die Hilfe(-n) help Informationsbüro(-s)
hilfsbereit helpful inklusiv inclusive
hin away from innen inside
hin und zurück return insbesondere especially, particularly
hinausgehen
hineingehen
to go out
to go in ins
dasBett gehen
Instrument(-e)
to go to bed
instrument
hinten behind intelligent intelligent
hinter + acc / dat behind der Intercity-Zug(“e) inter city train
hinuntergehen to go down interessant interesting
historisch historic das Interesse(-n) interest
das Hobby(-s) hobby sich interessieren für to be interested in
hoch high +acc
die Hochschule(-n) university das Internat(-e) boarding school
in Höchstform in peak condition die Internatschule(-n) boarding school
das Hockey hockey der Ire(-n) Irish man
der Hof(“e) yard irgendetwas something
hoffen to hope irgendjemand someone

die Irin(-nen)
irisch Irish
Irish woman

46
Irland Ireland der Keks(-e) biscuit
Italien Italy der Kellner(-) / waiter / waitress
der Italiener(-) Italian man die Kellnerin(-nen)
die Italienerin(-nen) Italian woman kennen to know
italienisch Italian das Kilo(-s) kilo
das Kilometer kilometre
ja yes X Kilometer pro X Kilometres per
die Jacke(-n) jacket Stunde hour
dasJahreszeit(-en)
die Jahr(-e) year
season
das Kindergarten
der Kind(-er) child
nursery school
Januar January das Kino(-s) cinema
die Jeans(-) jeans die Kirche(-n) church
jeden Tag every day die Kirsche(-n) cherry
jeder every Klasse great, marvellous
jemand someone, somebody die Klasse(-n) class
jener that die Klassenfahrt(-en) school trip
jetzt now das Klassenzimmer(-) classroom
der/das Joghurt(-s) joghurt klassisch classical
die Jugendherberge youth hostel das Klavier(-e) piano
(-n) das Kleid(-er) dress
der Jugendklub(-s) youth club der Kleiderschrank(“e) wardrobe
Juli July die Kleidung clothing
jung young klein small
der Junge(-n) boy das Kleingeld small change
jünger younger das Klima climate
Juni June klingeln to ring the bell
der Klub(-s) club
der Kaffee coffee klug clever
das Kalbfleisch veal das Knie(-) knee
kalt cold der Knopf(“e) button
die Kamera(-s) camera kochen to cook
der Kanal English Channel der Kohl cabbage
das Kaninchen(-) rabbit Köln Cologne
die Kantine(-n) canteen komisch funny
der Karneval carnival kommen to come
die Karte(-n)
die Karotte(-n) carrot
card die Komödie(-n)
kompliziert
comedy
complicated
die Kartoffel(-n) potato die Konditorei(-en) cake shop
der Käse cheese können to be able to
die Kasse(-n) check out, cash desk das Konzert(-e) concert
die Kassette(-n) cassette der Kopf(“e) head
der Kassettenrekorder cassette recorder kopieren to copy
der Kassierer(-) / die cashier der Korb(“e) basket
Kassiererin(-nen) der Körper body
kastanienbraun chestnut (colour) korrigieren to correct
die Katze(-n) cat kostenlos free of charge
kaufen to buy köstlich delicious
das Kaufhaus(“er) department store krank sick, ill
der Kaufmann(“er) / businessman / das Krankenhaus(“er) hospital
die Kauffrau(-en) woman
der Kaugummi chewing gum
kegeln to bowl

47
der Krankenpfleger(-)/ nurse lecker tasty
die Krankenpflegerin(nen
Krankenpflegerin(nen)) das Leder leather
die Krankenschwester (-n) nurse ledig single
der Krankenwagen(-) ambulance leer empty
die Krankheit(-en) illness die Lehre(-n) apprenticeship
die Krawatte(-n) tie der Lehrer(-) / teacher
der Krebs cancer die Lehrerin(-nen)
die Kreditkarte(-n) credit card der Lehrgang(“e) course
der Kreis circle der Lehrling(-e) apprentice
die Kreuzung crossroads, crossing leicht light, easy
der Krimi(-s) crime film leidenschaftlich passionate
kritisieren to criticise leider unfortunately
die Küche(-n) kitchen leihen to lend
der Kuchen(-) cake leise quiet
der Kugelschreiber(-) ballpoint pen lernen to learn, study
die Kuh(“e) cow lesen to read
kühl cool der/die/das letzte last
der Kühlschrank(“e) fridge letzten Samstag last Saturday
der Kuli(-s) biro die Leute(pl) people
der Kunde(-n) / customer lieb nice
die Kundin(-nen) die Liebe love
die Kunst Art lieber rather, prefer

kurz
kürzlich short
shortly der Liebesfilm(-e)
Lieblings…... romance …..
favourite film
die Kusine(-n) cousin am liebsten best of all
die Küste coast das Lied(-er) song
liefern to deliver
das Labor(-s) laboratory der Lift(-s) lift
lachen to laugh lila lilac
der Laden(“) shop die Limo(nade)(-n) lemonade
die Lampe(-n) lamp das Lineal(-e) ruler
das Land countryside die Linie(-n) line, route
das Land(“er) the country links to the left
die Landkarte(-n) map die Liste(-n) list
die Landschaft(-en) landscape der/das Liter(-s) litre
lang long der Löffel(-) spoon
wie lange? How long? der Lohn(“e) pay, salary
langsam slowly die Luft air
der Lärm noise lustig funny
der Lastwagen(-) lorry, truck
laufen to run machen to make, do
launisch moody das Mädchen(-) girl
laut loud der Magen(“) stomach
lebendig lively, brisk die Mahlzeit(-en) meal
die Lebensmittel(pl) food Mai May
das Lebensmittel- food / grocery shop das Make-up make up
geschäft(-e) das Mal time
der Lebensraum habitat -mal -times
lebhaft lively, animated man one

48
manchmal sometimes mitnehmen to take (something)
der Mann(“er) man with one
die Mannschaft(-en) team der Mittag midday, noon
der Mantel(“) coat das Mittagessen midday meal, lunch
die Mappe(-n) school bag die Mittagspause(-n) midday break
das Marketing marketing die Mittagszeit lunch time
der Markt(“e) market mittelgroß medium sized
der Marktplatz(“e) market place das Mittelmeer Mediterranean Sea
März
die Maschine(-n)
March
machine
mitten
Mitternacht
in the middle
midnight
die Mathe(matik) Maths Mittwoch Wednesday
die Maus(“e) mouse die Möbel (pl.) furniture
der Mechaniker(-) / die mechanic ich möchte I would like
Mechanikerin(-nen) die Mode(-n) fashion
das Medikament(-e) medicine modern modern
das Meer sea das Mofa(-s) moped
die Meeresfrüchte (pl.) seafood mögen to want to
das guinea pig möglich possible
Meerschweinchen(-) der Moment(-e) moment
mehr more der Monat(-e) month
mehr als more than Montag Monday
mehrere several morgen tomorrow
die Mehrwertsteuer VAT der Morgen(-) morning
die Meile (-n) mile morgens in the morning
meinen to think, mean das Motorrad(“er) motor bike
die Meinung(-en) opinion müde tired
meiner Meinung nach in my opinion mühsam laborious
eine Menge a quantity die Mülltonne(-n) dustbin
der Mensch(-en) human being München Munich
das Menü(-s) set meal der Mund(“er) mouth
messen to measure die Münze(-n) coin
das Messer(-) knife das Museum(Museen) museum
das Meter metre die Musik music
der Metzger(-)/ butcher müssen to have to
die Metzgerin(-nen) die Mutter(“) mother
die
die Metzgerei(-en)
Microwelle(-n)
butcher’s shop
microwave
Mutti mum
mies rotten nach past, after
mieten to rent nach + dat to
die Milch milk der Nachbar(-n) / neighbour
mindestens at least die Nachbarin(-nen)
das Mineralwasser mineral water nachher afterwards
die Minute(-n) minute der Nachmittag(-e) afternoon
mischen to mix die Nachricht(-en) news, message
mit + dat with nachsitzen to have a detention
mitbringen to bring (something) nächst next, nearest
with one die Nacht(“e) night
das Mitglied member der Nachteil disadvantage
mitkommen to come too / as well der Nachtisch(-e) dessert
nah near

49
in der Nähe in the vicinity, near nutzlos useless
die Nahrung food
der Nahverkehrszug local train O.K. ok
(“e) obdachlos homeless
der Name(-n) name oben above
die Nase(-n) nose die Oberstufe sixth form
nass wet das Obst fruit
natürlich naturally oder or
die Naturwissenschaft natural sciences offen open
(-en) öffentlich public
der Nebel fog öffentlicher public transport
neben + acc / dat next to Personenverkehr
neblig foggy öffnen to open
nehmen to take die Öffnungszeit(-en) opening time
nein no oft often
auf die Nerven gehen to get on one’s ohne + acc without
nerves das Ohr(-en) ear
nett nice Oktober October
neu new das Öl oil
das Neujahr New Year die Oma(-s) grandma
neulich recently das Omelett(-n) omelette
nicht not Omi grandma

nicht
nicht da sein
mehr not to be present
no more/no longer der
der Onkel(-)
Opa(-s) uncle
granddad
nichts nothing Opi grandad
nie never optimistisch optimistic
die Niederlande the Netherlands orange orange
der Niederländer(-) Dutch man die Orange(-n) orange
die Niederländerin Dutch woman der Orangensaft(“e) orange juice
(-nen) das Orchester orchestra
niederländisch Dutch ordentlich tidy
niemand nobody der Ordner(-) file
noch still in Ordnung all right, ok
noch einmal once again organisieren to organise
noch einmal sehen to look again der Osten East
nochmal
noch nicht
again
not yet Ostern
Österreich
Easter
Austria
der Norden North der Österreicher(-) Austrian man
die Nordsee North Sea die Österreicherin(-nen) Austrian woman
normalerweise usually österreichisch Austrian
der Notausgang(“e) emergency exit die Ostsee Baltic Sea
die Note(-n) grade, (musical)
note das Paar pair
nötig necessary, needed ein paar a few
der Notruf emergency call das Päckchen small parcel
notwendig necessary die Packung(-en) packet
November November das Paket(-e) parcel, bundle, packet
null nought, zero das Papier(-e) paper

nun
nur now
only das Parfum(-s)
der Park(-s) perfume
park
nützlich useful parken to park

50
der Parkplatz(“e) parking place, car probieren to try, taste
park das Problem(-e) problem
der Partner(-) / partner das Programm(-e) programme, channel
die Partnerin(-nen) programmieren to programme
passieren to happen, to take das Projekt(e) project
place der Prospekt(-e) brochure
die Pastille(-n) pastille die Prüfung(-en) exam
die Pause(-n) break der Pulli(s) pullover
perfekt perfect der Pullover(-) pullover
die Person(-en) person putzen to clean
der Personenzug(“e) slow passenger train der Pyjama(-s) pyjamas
die Persönlichkeit personality
pessimistisch pessimistic das Quadrat(-e) square
der Pfeffer pepper
das Pferd(-e) horse das Rad(“er) bike
der Pfirsich(-e) peach Rad fahren to cycle
die Pflanze(-n) plant das Radio(-s) radio
die Pflicht(-en) duty der Rappen Swiss centime
das Pflichtfach(“er) compulsory subject der Rasen(-) lawn
das Pfund pound das Rathaus(“er) town hall
die Physik Physics rauchen to smoke
das Picknick(-s) picnic die Realschule(-n) secondary school
th
der Pilz(-e)
die Pizza(-s)/Pizzen mushroom
pizza die Rechnung(-en) without 6 form
bill
der Plan(“e) plan rechts to the right
die Plastik plastic das Recycling recycling
der Platz(“e) place, seat die Regel(-n) rule
plaudern to chat der Regen rain
plötzlich suddenly der Regenschirm(-e) umbrella
die Polizei police regnen to rain
der Polizist(-en) / policeman / woman reich rich
die Polizistin(-nen) reichen to be enough, to pass,
die Pommes (pl.) fries to hand
die Pommes frites(pl.) chips das Reihenhaus(“er) terraced house
der Pop pop der Reis rice
die Portion(-en) portion die Reise(-n) journey
Portugal Portugal das Reisebüro(-s) travel agent
der Portugiese(-n) Portuguese man der Reisebus(-se) coach
die Portugiesin(-nen) Portuguese woman reisen to travel
portugiesisch Portuguese der/die Reisende(-n) traveller
die Post post office der Reisepass(“e) passport
das Poster(-) poster der Reisescheck(-s) traveller’s cheque
die Postkarte(-n) post card das Reiseziel destination
die Postleitzahl(-en) post code reiten to ride (a horse)
(PLZ) die Religion Religion
praktisch practical reservieren to reserve
die Praline(-n) filled chocolate die Reservierung(-en) reservation
der Preis(-e) price das Restaurant(-s) restaurant
preiswert good value das Resultat(-e) result
prima great, fantastic die Rettung rescue
pro per das Rezept(-e) recipe
der Rhein Rhine

51
richtig correct schlank slim
die Richtung(-en) direction schlecht bad
aus/von welcher from which schließen to close
Richtung? direction? schlimm bad
alle Richtungen all directions der Schlips(-e) tie
das Rindfleisch beef Schlittschuh laufen to skate
der Ring(-e) ring das Schloss(“er) castle, palace
der Rock(“e) skirt der Schlüssel(-) key
der Rollschuh(-e) roller skate schmal narrow
rosa pink schmecken to taste
rot red die Schmerzen(pl.) pain
der Rücken(-) back der Schmuck jewellery
die Rückfahrkarte (-n) return ticket schmutzig dirty
das Rugby rugby der Schnee snow
ruhig quiet, peaceful schneiden to cut
die Rundfahrt(-en) tour schneien to snow
schnell quickly
der Saft(“e) juice der Schnupfen(-) head cold
sagen to say, tell der Schnurrbart(“e) moustache
die Sahne cream die Schokolade(-n) chocolate
der Salat(-e) salad schon already
das Salz salt schön beautiful, pretty
Salzburg
sammeln
Salzburg
to collect
der Schotte(-n)
die Schottin(-nen)
Scottish man
Scottish woman
Samstag Saturday schottisch Scottish
der Sänger singer Schottland Scotland
satt haben to have enough schrecklich terrible
sauber clean schreiben to write
die S-Bahn city train die Schreibwaren(pl.) stationery
die Schachtel(-n) box schüchtern shy
schaden to damage, harm der Schuh(-e) shoe
das Schaf(-e) sheep die Schularbeiten(pl.) school work
der Schaffner(-) conductor der Schuldirektor(-en) / headteacher
der Schal(-e/s) scarf die Schuldirektorin
die Schale(-n) bowl, skin (-nen)
scharf sharp, spicy die Schule(-n) school
der Schauer shower der Schüler(-) / pupil
der Schauspieler(-)/die actor die Schülerin(-nen)
Schauspielerin(-nen) der Schultag(e) school day
der Scheck(-s) cheque der Schutz protection
die Scheibe(-n) slice schützen to protect
der Schein(-e) bank note schwach weak
schick chic, smart der Schwager(!)/die brother / sister in
schicken to send Schwägerin(-nen) law
schieben to push schwärmen für + acc to be mad about
das Schiff(-e) ship schwarz black
der Schinken ham schwätzen to chat
der Schlafanzug(“e) pyjamas das Schweinefleisch pork

schlafen
der Schlafsack(“e) to sleep bag
sleeping die
der Schweiz
Schweizer(-) Switzerland
Swiss man
das Schlafzimmer(-) bedroom

52
die Schweizerin(-nen) Swiss woman sofort at once
schweizerisch Swiss sogar even
schwer heavy, difficult der Sohn(“e) son
die Schwester(-n) sister sollen should, ought to
die Schwiegermutter(“) mother in law der Sommer summer
der Schwiegervater(“) father in law das Sonderangebot(-e) special offer
die Schwierigkeit (-en) difficulty Sonnabend Saturday
das Schwimmbad(“er) swimming pool die Sonne sun
schwimmen to swim sich sonnen to sunbathe
die Sciencefiction science fiction der Sonnenbrand sunburn
der Sciencefictionfilm(-e) sciece fiction film die Sonnenbrille(-n) sun glasses
der See(-n) lake die Sonnencreme(-n) sun cream
die See(-n) sea sonnig sunny
das Segelboot(-e) sailing boat Sonntag Sunday
segeln to sail sonst otherwise / else
sehen to look, see sorgen für + acc to care for
sehenswert worth seeing die Sorte(-n) sort
die Sehenswürdigkeit sight das Souvenir(-s) souvenir
sehr very der soziale public sector housing
die Seife(-n) soap Wohnungsbau
sein to be die Spaghetti(pl.) spaghetti

die + dat
seit Seite(-n) since side
page, Spanien
der Spanier(-) Spain man
Spanish
die Sekretärin(-nen) secretary die Spanierin(-nen) Spanish woman
die Sekunde(-n) second spanisch Spanish
selbst self sparen to save
die Selbstbedienung self service die Sparkasse(-n) building society
selten seldom Spaß fun
die Sendung(-en) programme spät late
der Senf mustard zu spät too late
September September später later
die Serie(-n) series spazieren gehen to go for a walk
servieren to serve die Speisekarte(-n) menu
die Serviette(-n) serviette der Speisesaal(säle) dining room
Servus! Hello! Bye! die Spezialität(-en) speciality
der Sessel(-) easy chair der Spiegel(-) mirror
sich setzen to sit down das Spiegelei(-er) fried egg
die Shorts(-) shorts das Spiel(-e) game, play
sicher safely, certainly spielen to play
die Sicherheit security der Spielplatz(“e) playground
der Sicherheitsgurt(-e) seat-belt Spitze first class, great
sicherlich certainly der Sport sport
singen to sing sportlich sporty
der Sirup(-e) syrup
der Sitz(-e) seat
sitzen to sit
Ski fahren to go skiing
so so
die Socke(-n) sock
das Sofa(-s) sofa, settee

53
der Sportplatz(“e) playing field der Stuhl(“e) chair
das Sportzentrum sports centre die Stunde(-n) lesson, hour
(-zentren) der Stundenplan(“e) timetable
die Sprache(-n) language der Sturm(“e) storm
sprechen to speak, talk stürmisch stormy
die Sprechstunde(-n) consultation hours suchen to look for
der Sprudel sparkling mineral die Sucht addiction
water die Süchtigkeit addiction
die Spülmaschine dishwasher Süden South
die Staatsan- nationality super super
gehörigkeit (-en) der Supermarkt(“e) supermarket
das Stadion(Stadien) stadium die Suppe(-n) soup
die Stadt(“e) town süß sweet
der Stadtbummel(-) stroll round town die Süßigkeit(-en) sweet
die Stadtmitte(-n) town centre das Süßwarenge- sweet shop
der Stadtplan(“e) town plan schäft(-e)
der Stadtrand(“er) outskirts das Sweatshirt(-s) sweatshirt
die Stadtrundfahrt(-en) sight seeing tour sympathisch nice, likeable
stark strong der Tabak tobacco
statt finden to take place die Tabakwaren(pl.) tobacco products
der (Verkehrs)stau(-s) traffic jam die Tablette(-n) tablet
staub saugen to vacuum die Tafel(-n) blackboard
das Steak(-s) steak der Tag(-e) day
stehen bleiben to stand still das Tagesmenü(-s) set menu of the day
steigen to climb täglich daily
die Stelle(-n) job, position das Tal(“er) valley
das Stellenangebot(-e) offer of a job die Tankstelle(-n) petrol station
sterben to die die Tante(-n) aunt
die Stereoanlage stereo system der Tanz(“e) dance
die Stewardess(-en) stewardess tanzen to dance
Stief..... step…. die Tasche(-n) bag, pocket
still silent, quiet das Taschengeld pocket money
die Stille quiet, silence die Tasse(-n) cup
die Stimme(-n) voice das Taxi(-s) taxi
stimmen to be right, correct die Technologie technology
stimmt agreed der Tee(-s) tea
der Stock floor teilen to share
die Strafarbeit(-en) extra work (as der Teilzeitjob(-s) part-time job
punishment) das Telefon(-e) telephone
der Strand(“e) beach telefonieren to telephone
die Straße(-n) street die Telefonkarte(-n) telephone card
die Straßenbahn(-en) tram die Telefon- telephone number
der Streit(-e) argument nummer(-n)
streiten to argue die Telefonzelle(-n) telephone box
streng strict, severe der Teller(-) plate
das Stück(-e) piece die Temperatur temperature
das Stückchen a little piece das Tennis tennis
der Student(-en) university student der Teppich(-e) carpet

studieren to
(atstudy
university) der Test(-s) test
das Studium (Studien) course of study

54
teuer expensive die Uhr clock
das Theater(-) theatre um + acc at, (a)round
das Theaterstück(-e) play um wie viel Uhr? at what time?
das Tier(-e) animal die Umfrage(-n) survey
der Tisch(-e) table der Umschlag(“e) envelope
das Tischtennis table tennis umsteigen to change
der Toast toast die Umwelt(-) environment
die Tochter(“) daughter die Umweltver- environmental
die Toilette(-n) toilet schmutzung pollution
toll great unbedingt absolute
die Tomate(-n) tomato und and
die Torte(-n) cake, gateau unfit unfit
total totally unfreundlich unfriendly
die Tour(-en) tour ungeduldig impatient
der Tourismus tourism ungefähr approximately
der Tourist(-en) tourist ungerecht unjust, unfair
die Touristen- tourist information ungesund unhealthy
information(en) unglücklich unhappy
tragen to carry, to wear unhöflich impolite
trainieren to train die Uniform(-en) uniform
traurig sad die Universität(-en) university
treffen to meet unmöglich impossible

(Sport) treiben to do, to go in for

(sport) unten + acc / dat
unter down
under
die Treppe(-n) stairs das Untergeschoss basement
das Trimester term die Unterkunft(“e) accommodation
trinken to drink der Unterricht(no pl.) lesson
trocken dry der Unterschied(-e) difference
Tschüs Bye unterschreiben to sign
das T-Shirt(-s) t-shirt die Unterschrift signature
tun to do unterstützen to support
die Tür(-en) door der Untertitel subtitle
der Türke(-n) Turkish man unterwegs on the way
die Türkei Turkey unzufrieden dissatisfied
die Türkin(-nen) Turkish woman der Urlaub holiday
türkisch Turkish die USA USA
das Turnen P.E., gymnastics usw. (und so weiter) etc.
die Turnhalle(-n) gym
die Tüte(-n) bag der Vandalismus vandalism
typisch typical die Vanille vanilla
der Vater(“) father
die U-Bahn(-en) underground train Vati dad
üben to practise der Vegetarier(-) / die vegetarian
über + acc / dat over / above Vegetarierin(-nen)
überall everywhere sich verabschieden to say goodbye
übermorgen day after tomorrrow die Verantwortung (-en) responsibility
übernachten to stay overnight verbinden to connect
die Übernachtung(-en) overnight stay verboten forbidden, prohibited
überqueren to cross

die Überraschung (-en) surprise

55
der Verbrauchermarkt hypermarket der Vorname(-n) first / Christian name
(“e) vorne at the front
verdienen to earn der Vorort(-e) suburb
der Verein(-e) club vorschlagen to suggest
verflixt akward, damned Vorsicht be careful, watch
die Vergangenheit the past out
vergessen to forget vorsichtig sein to be careful
vergleichen to compare die Vorspeise(-n) starter
das Verhältnis(-se) relationship vorstellen to introduce
verheiratet married die Vorstellung(-en) performance
verkaufen to sell der Vorteil(-e) advantage
der Verkäufer(-) / sales assistant die Vorwahlnummer (-n) dialling code
die Verkäuferin(-nen) vorziehen to prefer
der Verkehr(no pl.) traffic
der Verkehrskreisel roundabout der Wagen(-) car
verlassen to leave die Wahl(-en) choice
verletzt injured wählen to choose, to dial
verlieren to lose das Wahlfach(“e) optional subject
die Versammlung (-en) assembly, meeting während + gen during
verschieden different wahrscheinlich probably
verschließen to close Wales Wales

verstehen
versuchen to
to understand
try, attempt der Waliserin(-nen)
die Waliser(-) Welsh man
Welsh woman
der Vetter(-n) cousin walisisch Welsh
das Videospiel(-e) video game der Walkman walkman
viel / viele much / many die Wand(“er) wall
vielleicht perhaps wandern to ramble, hike
das Viertel(-) quarter wann when
das Vitamin(-e) vitamin warm warm
der Vogel(“) bird warten auf + acc to wait for
voll full warum why
der Volleyball volleyball was What
mit Vollgas at full throttle was für what sort of, what
völlig completely kind of
die Vollpension full board sich waschen to wash oneself
von + dat from die Waschmaschine washing machine
von Zeit zu Zeit from time to time (-n)
vor + acc / dat before, in front of das Wasser water
vor allem above all wasserdicht waterproof
im Voraus in advance das WC WC
vor X Jahren X years ago wechseln to change
vor kurzem a short time ago die Wechselstube bureau de change
vor kurzer Zeit a short time ago der Wecker alarm clock
vorbereiten to prepare wegen + gen because of
vorgestern the day before weggehen to go away
yesterday wegwerfen to throw away
der Vorhang(“e) curtain weh tun to hurt
vorher beforehand Weihnachten Christmas

der Vormittag morning weil

die Weile because
while
der Wein(e) wine

56
die Weintraube(-n) grape der Wohnblock block of flats
weiß white wohnen to live
weit far, wide der Wohnort place of residence
weiterfahren to continue (on die Wohnung(-en) flat
one’s way) der Wohnwagen(-) caravan
weitermachen to continue das Wohnzimmer(-) living room
welche Farbe which colour wolkig cloudy
welcher which die Wolle wool
der Wellensittich(-e) budgerigar wollen to want to
die Welt world das Wort(“er) word
wenig little / few das Wörterbuch(“er) dictionary
wenn if, when, whenever wovon from where
wenn nicht if not wunderbar wonderful
wer who sich wünschen to wish
die Werbung(-en) advertisement die Wurst(“e) sausage
werden to become das Würstchen(-) small sausage
Werken handicrafts,
woodwork z.B. (zum Beispiel) e.g.
wert worth zahlen to pay
der Westen West der Zahn(“e) tooth
der Wettbewerb(-e) competition der Zahnarzt(“e) / dentist
das Wetter weather die Zahnärztin (-nen)
die Wettervorhersage
wichtig
weather forecast
important die Zahnpasta(-ten)
die Zahnbürste(-n) toothbrush
toothpaste
wie how das Zeichnen drawing
wie bitte? pardon? zeichnen to draw
wie geht’s? how are you? zeigen to show
wie oft? how often? die Zeit time
wie viel? how much? zur gleichen Zeit at the same time
wie viele? how many? Zeit verbringen to spend time
wie weit ist es? how far is it? die Zeitschrift(-en) magazine
wieder again die Zeitung(-en) newspaper
wiederholen to repeat das Zelt(-e) tent
wiegen to weigh das Zentimeter centimetre
Wien Vienna die Zentralheizung central heating
das Wiener wiener schnitzel das Zentrum(Zentren) centre
Schnitzel der Zettel(-) note, piece of paper
willkommen welcome ziehen to pull
der Wind wind ziemlich quite
windig windy die Zigarette(-n) cigarette
der Winter Winter das Zimmer(-) room
der Wintersport winter sports der Zirkus(-se) circus
wirklich really die Zitrone(-n) lemon
wissen to know der Zoo(-s) zoo
witzig funny zu + dat to
wo where zu Fuß on foot
die Woche(-n) week zu Hause at home
das Wochenende(-n) weekend zu viel too much
woher where from der Zucker sugar
wohin where to zufällig by chance

57
zufrieden contented
der Zug(“e) train
zuhören to listen
die Zukunft future
zumachen to close, shut
Zürich Zürich
zurück back
zurückfahren to travel back
zurückgehen to go back
zurückkommen to come back
zurückrufen to call back
zurückziehen to draw back, to
move back
zusammen together
der Zuschlag supplement
zweite second
der Zwilling(-e) twin
zwischen + acc / dat between

58
 Additional Vocabulary – Alphabetical
das Abenteuer adventure der Betrieb(-e) business
der Abschleppdienst breakdown recovery der Betriebsleiter(-)/ manager
service die Betriebsleiterin(-nen)
der Abschluss German school leaving der Bewerbungsbrief(-e) application letter
certificate bewölkt cloudy
das Abwaschen washing up die Bezahlung pay
ähnlich similar die Beziehung(-en) relationship
alles unter einem Dach everything under one biegen to turn, bend
roof blass pale
allgemein general das Blatt(“er) leaf, sheet
der Alltag daily routine bleifrei unleaded
der Altenpfleger(-)/ geriatric nurse der Blumenhändler(-)/ florist
die Altenpflegerin(-nen) die Blumenhändlerin(-nen)
anbauen to cultivate, grow der Blumenkohl cauliflower
angeberisch boastful, pretentious die Bohne(-n) beans
angucken to watch
der Anstreicher(-)/ (house) painter der Champignon(-s) mushroom
die Anstreicherin(-nen) die Clique clique
anstrengend hard work, taxing
die Anzeige(-n) report der Dachboden attic
die Arbeitsgruppe(n) school club, society dagegen on the other hand/
(AG) against something
arrogant arrogant die Dauer(-n) length, duration
attraktiv attractive der Dienst(-e) work, service
der Aufenthalt(-e) stay, stop diszipliniert disciplined
der Aufenthaltsraum day room der Dolmetscher(-)/ interpreter
der Auflauf souffle die Dolmetscherin(-nen)
aufregend exciting draußen outside
der Au-Pair-Junge(-n) male aupair die Dummheit(-en) stupidity
das Au-Pair-Mädchen(-) female aupair sich duschen to shower
das Ausdauertraining stamina training
ausfallen to fall out die Ehe marriage

der Ausländerin(-nen) foreigner

dieAusländer(-)/ ehrgeizig
die Ehrlichkeit ambitious
honesty
die Auspuffgase(pl.) exhaust fumes die Eigenschaft(-en)quality
der Ausverkauf sale einander each other, one
autofrei no cars allowed another
autoritär authoritarian eingebildet conceited
die Autorität(-en) authority das Einkaufszentrum shopping centre
backen to bake (-zentren)
der Bauingenieur(-e)/ civil engineer einlösen to cash
die Bauingenieurin(-nen) die Einwegflasche(-n) non-returnable bottle
sich befinden to find oneself, be die Eisbahn(-en) ice-rink
behindert handicapped die Eisdiele(-n) ice-cream parlour
belegt full die Eissporthalle(-n) ice stadium
das Benzin petrol ekelhaft disgusting
bereit ready das Elektrogerät(-e) electrical appliance
sich beschweren to complain empfehlen to recommend
besprechen to discuss, talk about engagiert committed

59
entspannend relaxing der Husten cough
die Erbse(-n) pea der Hut(“e) hat
erwachsen grown up
der Euroschein(-e) euro note die Information(-en) information
das Internet internet
die Fähre(-n) ferry das Internetshopping internet shopping
das Fahrrad(“er) bicycle das Interview interview
die Fahrtdauer length of the journey
das Fax fax jobben to do a job
die Feier(-n) party joggen to jog
der Feiertag(-e) public holiday
feindlich hostile der Kakao cocoa
der Fernsehraum(“e) TV room das Kännchen(-) small pot
feucht damp das Kanu(-s) canoe
das Feuerwerk(-e) firework die Kapelle(-n) band, orchestra,
die Figur(-en) figure, shape chapel
der Flohmarkt(“e) flea market kaputt broken
der Florist(-en)/ florist die Karriere(-n) career
die Floristin(-nen) kaum hardly
der Föhn(-e) hairdryer die Kaution(-en) deposit
die Forelle(-n) trout die Kerze(-n) candle
frech cheeky die Klamotte(-n) gear,clothing
im
derFreien
in the open air
Friseur/Frisör(-e)/ hairdresser die
der Kneipe(-n)
Kollege(-n)/
bar, pub
colleague
die Friseurin/Frisörin(-nen) die Kollegin(-nen)
der Führerschein driving licence kontaktfreudig sociable
das Fundbüro(-s) lost property office der Kosmetiker(-)/ beautician
funktionieren to function, to work die Kosmetikerin(-nen)
das Kraftwerk(-e) power station
Galerie(-n) gallery das Kraut cabbage
die Gameshow(-s) game show die Kultur culture
der Gärtner(-)/ gardener der Kurs(-e) course, exchange rate
die Gärtnerin(-nen) das Kuscheltier(-e) soft toy
die Gastfamilie(-n) host family
gebucht booked lässig casual
das Gedränge crowd, pushing and launisch moody
shoving der Lebenslauf C.V.
das Gefahr(-en) danger die Lehre(-n) apprenticeship
der Gegenstand(“e) object die Leichtathletik athletics
das Geheimnis(-se) secret der Leistungsdruck pressure to achieve
geschickt skilful liebevoll loving
gesellig sociable locker loose, laid back
gießen to water, pour der Lohn(“e) wage, pay
die Glatze bald head lösen to solve, to buy a ticket
gratulieren to congratulate die Lust pleasure, joy
die Grillstube(-n) grill room/restaurant
die Großstadt(“e) city malen to paint
die Grünanlage(-n) green space die Marmelade jam
gut gelaunt in a good mood miteinander together, with each
other
hacken to chop der Modezeichner(-)/ fashion designer
hageln to hail die Modezeichnerin
der Humor humour (-nen)
60
modisch fashionable die Salbe(-n) ointment, cream
die Möhre(-n) carrot sauer sour
der Müll rubbish schädlich harmful
die Mülltonne(-n) dustbin schälen to peel
das Müsli muesli der Schalter(-) counter, switch
das Schichtsystem shift system
nachdenklich thoughtful das Schild(-er) sign
die Nachdenklichkeit thoughtfulness schlagen to hit, beat, whip
der Nachname(-n) surname der Schläger(-) racket
der Namenstag name-day, saint’s day schlecht gelaunt in a bad mood
die Nationalität(-en) nationality der Schluss(“e) end
die Natur nature die Schulbildung education, schooling
nerven to get on someone’s das Schulgelände school grounds
nerves das Schulsystem school system
niesen to sneeze das Schwefeldioxid sulphur dioxide
schwer difficult, hard, heavy
oberflächlich superficial schwierig difficult
organisch organic schwül sultry, close
selbstbewusst self conscious
die Panne(-n) breakdown selbstständig independent
die Parfümerie perfumery selbstsüchtig selfish
das Parkhaus(“er) multi-storey car park Silvester New Year’s Eve
der Parkschein(-e) parking ticket sitzen bleiben to repeat a year
die Pension(-en) guest house solo solo
das Pestizid(-e) pesticide spannend exciting
die Pfandflasche(-n) returnable bottle der Spezialladen(“) specialist shop
die Pfeife(-n) pipe der Spielfilm(-e) feature film
die Privatschule(-n) independent school das Spielzeug(-e) toy
das Produkt(-e) produce die Sporthalle(-n) sports hall
produzieren to produce die Spraydose(-n) aerosol
der Programmierer(-)/ programmer stark in good at
die Programmiererin(-nen) der Stau(-s) traffic jam
pünktlich punctual der Streit(-e) argument
der Stress stress
die Qualifikation(-en) qualification der Strom electricity, river, current
qualifiziert qualified der Studienplatz(“e) university/college place

sich rasieren to shave der Tagesraum(“e) day room

der Rechtsanwalt(“e)/ lawyer die Tagesschau TV news
die Rechtsanwältin(-nen) die Talkshow(-s) talk show
die Regel(-n) rule das Taschenbuch(“er) paperback
regnerisch rainy teilnehmen to take part
die Reifenpanne(-n) flat tyre, puncture der Termin(-e) appointment, date
reizvoll charming, delightful die Terrasse(-n) terrace
das Rindfleisch beef die Tiefgarage(-n) underground car park
die Rolltreppe(-n) escalator die Tierart(en) animal species
romantisch romantic der Tierpark(-s) zoo
Rosenmontag day before Shrove der Tischler(-)/ joiner
Tuesday die Tischlerin(-nen)
rücksichtvoll
der Ruhetag(-e)
considerate, thoughtful
closing day
tolerant
das Tor(-e)
tolerant
goal, gate
die Rundfahrt(-en) round trip das Training training
die Traube(-n) grape
61
treu true, faithful der Zeuge(-n) witness
der Trickfilm(-e) cartoon das Zeugnis(-se) report
das Trinkgeld tip zuerst first of all
tüchtig efficient zugeben to add, to admit
der Typ type die Zutat(-en) ingredient
zuverlässig reliable
überhaupt in general die Zwiebel(-n) onion
übersetzen to translate
umtauschen to exchange
umweltfeindlich environmentally
unfriendly
umweltfreundlich environmentally
friendly
der Umweltschutz environmental
protection
der Umzug(“e) procession, move
der Unfall(“e) accident
untreu unfaithful

vegetarisch vegetarian
verantwortlich responsible
die Verantwortlichkeit responsibility

(-en)
verbessern to improve
das Verkehrsmittel(-) means of transport
sich verloben to get engaged
vermissen to miss
die Verpackung packaging
verpassen to miss
verpesten to pollute
die Versammlung(en) assembly, meeting
verschmutzen to get dirty, pollute
die Verschmutzung pollution
die Versicherung insurance
verspätet delayed
Verspätung haben to be delayed, late
verständnisvoll understanding
das Vertrauen trust, confidence
der/die Verwandte(-n) relation
verwenden to use
die Vorbereitung(-en) preparation

wachsen to grow
wahnsinnig insane, mad
warmherzig warm-hearted
der Waschraum(“e) washing-room
der Weg(-e) path
weinen to cry

das Wohnmobil(-e)
würzen motor caravan
to season

62
 LANGUAGE TASKS RECORD

A check-list of what you should be able to do for each Theme/Module, and

how – listening, speaking, reading, or writing with room for your own notes.

63
 63

LANGUAGE TASKS RECORD

Language Tasks Record - How much can you do?
All the language tasks you will be expected
expected to practise for the examination are set
set out on
the next few pages.

You will see the tasks have been grouped into Themes/Modules as the following boxes
show.

Topic Theme/Module
Theme/Module 1 - My World
1A Self, Family and Friends
1B Interests and Hobbies
1C Home and Local Environment
1D Daily Routine
1E School and Future Plans (up to age 18)

Topic Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time & Travel

2A Travel, Transport and Finding the Way

2B Tourism
2C Accommodation
2D Holiday Activities
2E Services

Topic Theme/Module
Theme/Module 3 – Work & Lifestyle
3A Home Life
3B Healthy Living
3C Part-time Jobs and Work Experience

3D Leisure
3E Shopping

Topic Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society

4A Character and Personal Relationships
4B The Environment
4C Education
4D Careers and Future Plans (after age 18)
4E Social Issues, Choices and Responsibilities
 64

How do I use this Record?

! Look at the page headed ‘Theme/Module 1 – My World’. You will see that this page
is divided into topics and that each topic is divided into separate tasks.
! Alongside each task are four boxes, with the headings ‘Listen’, ‘Speak’, ‘Read’, ‘Write’.
The boxes are for you to tick whenever you are sure that you can do the task yourself or
understand someone else doing it.

HereHobbies
and is an example
. of a record which Penny has started to fill in,
i n, for Topic 1B – Interests

1B – Interests and Hobbies Listen Speak Read Write

State what you do at evenings and weekends ! !

Look at the first line. Penny can say what shshe

e does at the weekend and in the evening
evening and
she can understand someone else doing the same, so she has ticked the ‘Speak’ and
‘Listen’ boxes on that line. Penny isn’t yet sure that she can
can understand details of weekend
weekend
and evening activities when
when she reads them, so she hasn’t
hasn’t ticked the ‘Read’ box yet. She
isn’t able to write down what she does at evenings
evenings and weekends yet, yet, so she hasn’t ticked
the ‘Write’ box.

‘Listening’ means that you can understand

! other people performing the tasks listed
! announcements, instructions, requests and interviews on the tasks listed
! monologues, and coconversations
nversations between two or more pe
people,
ople, on the task
taskss listed.
!

" ‘Speaking’ means that you can

! carry out the tasks listed, by speaking
! take part in a conversation on the topics listed
!

‘Reading’ means that you can understand

! other people communicating appropriate tasks listed, in writing
! written material
material ass
associated
ociated with, or on th
the
e su
subject
bject o
of,
f, the tasks listed.
!

‘Writing’ means that you can

! carry out appropriate tasks in the list in writing
! write on the subject of the tasks listed.
!

! As you go through your course, keep your own record of how much you can do, by
ticking the boxes on the next few pages, and by making notes about how well you
are doing. You can also tell where you need a b bitit more practice by looking to see
which boxes are still blank and reading
reading your notes. Fill in your record every time you
are sure of a task and you will soon see at a glance just how much you can do!
 65

Theme/Module 1 – My World

1A – Self, Family and Friends Listen Speak Read Write

Give information about yourself, your family,

friends and pets: name, age, birthday,
nationality, likes and dislikes, physical
appearance, jobs
Ask for and understand information about
someone else’s family, friends and pets: name,
age, birthday, nationality, likes and dislikes,
physical appearance, jobs
Spell out your own name, street and town and
understand someone else spelling out their
name, street and town
Greet someone and respond to greetings
Ask how someone is and respond to similar
enquiries

Make and understand informal introductions

Welcome and receive a visitor
Thank someone for their hospitality.
Give information about whether or not you
are married
Ask about and understand whether or not
someone else is married
State your opinions and feelings towards
members of the family
Ask about and understand someone else’s
opinions about and feelings towards members
of the family

1B – Interests and Hobbies Listen Speak Read Write

State what you do at evenings and weekends

Understand and respond to an invitation to
take part
Give, ask for and understand information
about hobbies and interests (when, where,
with whom, how often)
Give, ask for and understand, opinions and
preferences about hobbies and interests
 66

Theme/Module 1 – My World

My notes on 1A – Self, Family and Friends

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My notes on 1B – Interests and Hobbies

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 67

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 1 – My
My World (cont.)

1C – Home and Local Environment Listen Speak Read Write

State your address and understand someone

else stating their address
Give information about your house or flat, its
location, details of rooms, garage, garden:
location, colour, size, contents
Ask for and understand information about
someone else’s house or flat, its location,
details of rooms, garage, garden: location,
colour, size, contents
Give, ask for and understand information
about having your own room or sharing
Give, ask for and understand information
about travelling into town and how long the
journey takes
Give a description of your own town,
neighbourhood and region: location,
character, amenities, features of interest
Ask for and understand a description of
someone else’s town, neighbourhood and
region: location, character, amenities,
features of interest
Compare your own country with a German
speaking country or community: towns, region,
climate and geographical features
Give, ask for and understand information and
opinions about where you and other people
live and the advantages and disadvantages of
the local environment

1D – Daily Routine Listen Speak Read Write

Give information about your daily routine on

weekdays and at weekends
Ask about and understand someone else’s
daily routine on weekdays and at weekends
Give, ask for and understand, information and
opinions about meals at school and at home
 68

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 1 – My
My World (cont.)

My notes on 1C – Home and Local Environment

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My notes on 1D – Daily Routine

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 69

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 1 – My
My World (cont.)

1E – School and Future Plans Listen Speak Read Write

Make requests in the classroom

Understand instructions in the classroom
Give, ask for and understand details of school
routine, travel to and from school and extra-
curricular activities
Give information and opinions about your
school: size, location, facilities
Ask for and understand information and
opinions about someone else’s school: size,
location, facilities
Give, ask for and understand information and
opinions about school subjects, school
timetables, terms and holidays
Give information about your future plans in
in
coming months
Ask about and understand someone else’s
future plans in coming months

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 1

 70

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 1 – My
My World (cont.)

My notes on 1E – School and Future Plans

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Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 1

 71

Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel

2A – Travel, Transport and Finding the Listen Speak Read Write

Way
Attract the attention of a passer-by
Give, ask for and understand the location of a

place and
toilets, of facilities such as bus stops,
platforms
Understand simple signs, announcements and
notices in the street, shops, stores and
supermarkets
Obtain and understand information from
maps, street plans and timetables
Buy tickets, or a booklet of tickets, giving
details: destination, single or return, class,
day of travel
Give, ask for and understand information
about a journey, including means of transport,
directions, times of arrival and departure,
cost, travel conditions, problems

2B – Tourism Listen Speak Read Write

Ask for information about a region, town or

area, including lists of hotels, restaurants
Describe weather conditions and give simple
predictions about the weather
Give, ask for and understand information
about a holiday: where, with whom, how long,
when
Give, ask for and understand information
about a particular holiday region, town or
area, including what there is to do and see,
excursions, visits
State preferences for different types of
holiday
Give, ask for and understand information
about local customs, festivals and culinary
specialities
 72

Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel

My notes on 2A – Travel, Transport and Finding the Way

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My notes on 2B – Tourism
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 73

Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

2C – Accommodation Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about the location of rooms in a house, hotel
etc and where facilities are: restaurant,
toilet, shower or bathroom, garage, lift
Give, ask for and understand information
about accommodation, including availability,
when, for how long, requirements, cost,
acceptability, rules and regulations,
mealtimes
Make and understand complaints about
inadequate accommodation and problems with
accommodation

2D – Holiday Activities Listen Speak Read Write

Accept and decline offers of food and drink

Understand signs and announcements inside
and outside restaurants and cafés
Give, ask for and understand information
about food, drink, cafés, restaurants,
including reserving a table, ordering, paying
Give, ask for and understand opinions about
food, drink, cafés, restaurants, including
reserving a table, ordering, paying
Make a complaint, giving reasons

Give, ask for and understand information

about holiday activities and interests,
including tourist attractions and
entertainments
Give, ask for and understand opinions about
holiday activities and interests, including
tourist attractions and entertainments
 74

Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

My notes on 2C – Accommodation
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My notes on 2D – Holiday Activities

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 75

Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

2E – Services Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about postal services, including sending and
receiving letters, faxes, email, phone calls
Give, ask for and understand information
about money transactions, including changing
money and cheques
Give, ask for and understand information
about hiring things such as bicycles, boats,
sleeping bags: cost, condition, location
Give, ask for and understand information
about a loss or theft, saying what has been
lost and where it was lost or stolen and
describing the item: what it is made of, size,
colour, make, contents
Give information about how you feel: well, ill,

better, cold, hot, tired

Ask for and understand information about
how someone else is feeling: well, ill, better,
cold, hot, tired
Give, ask for and understand information
about consulting a doctor, dentist or chemist,
including questions about common ailments
and treatment
Give, ask for and understand information
about the location and basic details of an
accident or breakdown, including calling the
emergency services or garage

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 2

 76

Theme/Module 2 – Holiday Time and Travel (cont.)

My notes on 2E – Servi
Services
ces
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Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 2

 77

Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle

3A – Home Life Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about meals, mealtimes and eating habits
Give information about what you and other

people
house in your family do to help around the
Ask for and understand information about
what someone else and other people in their
family do to help around the house
Offer and ask for help to do something
around the house
Give, ask for and understand information
about important festivals

3B – Healthy Living Listen Speak Read Write

Say what kind of food and drink you prefer

and understand someone else doing the same
Give, ask for and understand information
about eating habits
Understand publicity and announcements
about food
Give, ask for and understand information
about healthy meals and how to prepare them
Give, ask for and understand information
about healthy and unhealthy lifestyles
Give, ask for and understand opinions about
radio and TV broadcasts about food and
health
 78

Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle

My notes on 3A – Home Life

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My notes on 3B - Healthy Living

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 79

Theme/Modul
Theme/Modulee 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

3C – Part-time Jobs and Work Experience Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about travel to work: times, means of
transport, how long the journey lasts

Make a phone call and ask to speak to

someone
Leave a simple telephone message: name,
telephone number, time to call back and
understand someone else doing the same
Give, ask for and understand information
about weekend jobs and work experience
Give information about whether suitable work
is available
Make arrangements to contact or be
contacted by phone, fax or email
 80

Theme/Module 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

My notes on 3C – Part-time Jobs and Work Experience

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 81

Theme/Modulee 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

Theme/Modul

3D – Leisure Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information

about TV programmes, radio, music,
performers, personalities

Give, ask for andradio,

TV programmes, understand
music, opinions about
performers,
personalities
Give, ask for and understand information
about leisure facilities, including times and
prices
Make arrangements to go out, including
invitation, location, time and understand
someone else doing the same
Understand publicity about leisure activities
and public events
Give, ask for and understand opinions about
leisure activities and opportunities
Give, ask for and understand information and
preferences about events such as theatre,
films, dances
Give, ask for and understand information
about sporting events, including watching and
taking part
Give, ask for and understand opinions about
sporting events, including watching and taking
part
Narrate the main features of a book,
newspaper, television or radio programme,
film or play
 82

Theme/Modulee 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

Theme/Modul

My notes on 3D – Leisure
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 83

Theme/Modul
Theme/Modulee 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

3E – Shopping Listen Speak Read Write

Understand signs and announcements in and

around shops including opening and closing
times, special offers, discounts, sales
Understand advertisements about shops and
shopping including opening and closing times,
special offers, discounts, sales
Give, ask for and understand information
about particular goods, including description,
price, quantity, size, availability,
acceptability, payment
Give, ask for and understand information
about shopping facilities in a town or area
Give, ask for and understand opinions about
shopping facilities in a town or area
Give, ask for and understand information
about shopping experiences and preferences
Give, ask for, and understand opinions about
shopping experiences and preferences
Say you will or will not buy something, giving a
reason
Make a complaint about unsatisfactory goods,
giving reasons
Ask for a refund or replacement for
unsatisfactory goods

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 3

 84

Theme/Modul
Theme/Modulee 3 – Work and Lifestyle (cont.)

My notes on 3E – Shopping
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Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 3

 85

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person
Person in Society

4A – Character and Personal Relationships Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:
! your and other people’s character and

personality
! feelings and problems arising out of
personal relationships with parents or
friends or adults
! personal feelings towards other people
! the qualities of a good friend or
relationship
! the character and personality of famous
people
! issues about marriage and children
! why parents or friends hold different
views

4B – The Environment Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:
! types of housing in your area
! transport issues in your area, traffic
congestion, public transport
! reasons for pollution such as lack of
recycling, too much packaging, overuse of

energy
! issues concerning conservation such as
recycling, wildlife, energy sources
! factors which might lead to an ideal
environment
! simple ways to improve the environment
 86

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society

My notes on 4A – Character and Personal Relationships

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My notes on 4B – The Environment

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 87

Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

4C – Education Listen Speak Read Write

Give, ask for and understand information and

opinions about:
! types of school, further education and
training
! reasons for choices of study and training
! issues at school or college such as rules,
uniform, choice of subjects, teaching
! the benefits of school
! difficulties encountered in study
! ideas for improving study and social
facilities at school
! the pressure for good results and
completing work and its effects on
relationships and social life

4D – Careers and Future Plans (after age Listen Speak Read Write
18)
Give, ask for and understand information and
opinions about:
! plans for the time after completion of
formal education
! the advantages and disadvantages of
different occupations – wages, working
conditions, prospects
! long-term career plans and intentions
! working abroad
! future plans relating to marriage, family,
children, home, holidays
! issues relating to pressures to earn
money or to study
! the advantages and disadvantages of
having a break before further study
! the pressure to follow an expected
career or study path versus your own
personal preference
 88

Theme/Modu
Theme/Module
le 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

My notes on 4C – Education
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My notes on 4D – Careers and Future Plans (after age 18)

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 89

Theme/Module
Theme/Module 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont.)

4E – Social Issues, Choices and Listen Speak Read Write

Responsibilities
Give, ask for and understand
understand information and
opinions about:
! seeking a job
! advertisements
! problems appropriate to age, experience
and interests
! different family situations
! issues associated with equal
opportunities: gender or race, at school
or work
! issues associated with media pressure,
peer pressure and parental pressure and
expectations
! unemployment and the difficulties in
finding a job
! problems arising from unemployment
and/or financial difficulties
! issues concerning smoking, alcohol and
drugs
! issues about the consequences of
addictions

Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 4

 90

Theme/Modu
Theme/Module
le 4 – The Young Person in Society (cont)

My notes on 4E - Social Issues, Choices and Responsibilities

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Jotter for Reminders about Theme/Module 4

 91

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES

How to work out the answer even if you don’t know all the words! There
are hints and tips on how to discover the meaning without needing your
dictionary, too.
 92

COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES
or How to work out the answer even if you don’t know all the words

In your GCSE examination you will sometimes need to understand or use words which you
haven’t met before. Don’t panic! This is where you need comm
communication
unication strateg
strategies
ies or ways
of working out the answer
answer even if you d
don’t
on’t know all the word
words.
s. The next few pagespages give
you plenty of tips. Use these and your comm
commonon sense and you will find life much easier.
easier.

Understanding words when Listening and Reading

In the examination, as in real life, when you are listening to someone speaking German, you
don’t have time to use a dictionary.
dictionary. When you are reading German
German,, you would quickly lose
the thread if you had to look up every word. So you need some help in finding the meaning
meaning
quickly, without any help from anywhere else.
It will help to ask yourself a few simple questions.

Do I need to read or listen to every word?

Sometimes the same thing will be written or said more than once, in different ways.
Sometimes there will be extra information which you do not need in order to answer the
question. In both cases, you need to know what’s important and what you can ignore.
ignore.
To help you pick out the information you really need to know so that you can answer the
question

! make sure you really understand the question set

! decide what kind of a question it is – is it asking for details, or for an overall
impression?
! watch out for the words which will help you answer it, and ignore the rest.

Asking for details:

For example

“The girl was

the kiosk was bought
and tall a
and
nd athin, with brown hair. Her coat and shoes were blue. She stopp
newspaper”. stopped
ed at

Question: “What colour were her clothes?”

To answer this you need to watch out only for words for colours and clothes. You can
ignore the rest of the sentence, because you don’t need the other words to answer this
question.
 93

Asking for an overall impression:

When the question asks you to sum up what you have heard or read, or give an overall
impression, you will probably need to gather clues from different places in the text. In this
kind of question it is very important not to make snap judgements from just one or two
words – you need to read or listen right through to the end before you decide on your
answer.

For example
“Although he didn’t have much money,
money, Jim always
always tried to help other people. Jim
was small and thin and his clothes were old but he would rather give a few pence to
charity than spend money on himself”

Question: “What does this tell you about Jim’s character?”

To answer this, you need to watch out for the words which tell you about the kinds of things
Jim did. The question isn’t asking you what Jim looked like, so you can ignore the words
which tell you about his appearance and concentrate on the ones which tell you how he
behaved.

Are there any useful clues in the sentence?

The rest of the sentence can help you to work out the meaning of a word you don’t know.
The following sentences contain made-up words, but you can make a reasonable guess at
what kind of things they are from the rest of the sentence.

“The man was wearing a fizzo on his head.” (some kind of hat)
“ The woman was accompanied by a long-haired bilpo on a long lead.”
(some kind of animal)

Intelligent guesswork of this kind can help you to make an attempt at the answer.

How can my knowledge of grammar help me?

If you know about how plurals of words are formed, how different tenses are made and such
things as the rules for making words agree with each other, you will have some idea of what
kind of unknown word you are dealing
dealing with. This can help you to make aan
n intelligent guess
at its meaning.
Look at this example in English:

“The hungry cows waited at the gate.”

Here are some of the things which you know about English and which would help in working
out what kind of words you are dealing with.

! Adding ‘-s’ usually makes a noun plural in English

! Adding ‘-ed’ to a verb usually makes a verb into the past tense
!

A word between ‘the’ and a noun is often an adjective describing the noun
 94

Using clues of this kind in German can help you to find your way through the sentence and
to work out

! what kind of word you are dealing with

! how the sentence as a whole fits together

What do I know about the German way of life?

If you know something about the country and the way of life of the people whose language
you are studying, you will have a better chance of working out what something means.
For example, your knowledge
knowledge of the money
money they use ccould
ould help you. It is obvious, from
your knowledge of British currency, that
! “They paid three pence for the cinema tickets” is nonsense, but
! “They paid three pounds for the cinema tickets” makes sense.

Knowledge of this kind can also help you in making sense of German

Are there any patterns in the language to help me?

It can help you to unravel the meaning of a word if you understand how the word itself has
been put together. Look particularly for prefixes (letters added to the front of a word) and
suffixes (letters added to the end of the word).

For example

! The suffix ‘- in’ makes a male noun into a female one e.g.

Freund - male friend

Freundin - female friend

! The suffix ‘chen’-‘ makes something smaller e.g.

Katze - cat
Kätzchen - kitten

! the suffix ‘-heit’ makes an adjective into a noun e.g.

schön - beautiful
Schönheit
Schön heit - beauty

! The suffix ‘-keit’ also makes an adjective into a noun e.g.

freundlich - friendly
Freundlichkeit
Freundlich keit - friendliness

! the suffix ‘-er’ means a person e.g.

Physik -- physics
Physiker physicist

! The prefix ‘un-’ makes an opposite e.g.

 95

möglich - possible
unmöglich
unmöglich - impossible

! The prefix ‘auf-’ on a verb means ‘up’ e.g.

räumen - to clear
aufräumen - to tidy up

! The prefix ‘mit’ on a verb means ‘with’ e.g.

gehen - to go
mitgehen - to go with somebody

! The prefix ‘aus-’ means ‘out’ e.g.

gehen - to go
ausgehen
ausgehen - to go out

! The prefix ‘ein-’ means ‘in’ e.g.

steigen - to climb
einsteigen
einsteigen - to get on (a bus etc)

Understanding words when Reading

Here are some extra hints to help you to understand words which you have not met before
when you are reading.
reading. Try asking yours
yourself
elf the following questions.
questions.

Are any words the same in English?

There are a lot of words which look the same as in English and have the same, or almost
the same
same meaning. These words are o often
ften ccalled
alled cognates. They can help you to
understand words you don’t know in German, though you do need to be careful, as you’ll
see below.

Here are some cognates

Hand - hand
Museum - museum
Name - name
Instrument - instrument
Bus - bus
Holland - Holland
August - August
 96

And some near-cognates – words which have nearly the same spelling in German as in
English

Adresse - address
Klasse - class
Datum - date
Universität - university
kopieren - to copy
Vater
Onkel - father
uncle
interessant - interesting
Buch - book
Jacke - jacket
Tee - tea
Haus - house
Kaffee - coffee
Konzert concert

BEWARE! There are also a few ‘false friends’ – words which look the same in German and
English but have different meanings. Watch out for words such as
Gymnasium - grammar school
also
Dose -- so
tin
Menü - set meal
Rock - skirt

What else helps?

German and English are closely
closely related languages. There are a lot of words in German
which you can understand
understand if you know a few simple spelling rules.
rules. These will help you to
work out what the word is in English.

Here are some examples:

Words e.g. ‘ch’

where ma
mach inenGerman
chen to makeby ‘k’ in English.
- is replaced
Bech
Becherer - beaker

! Words where ‘t’ in German is replaced by ‘d’ in English.

e.g. trinken - drink
tanzen - dance

! Words where ‘d’ in German is replaced by ‘th’ in English.

e.g. Le
Led der - leather
danken - to thank

! Words where ‘pf’ in German is replaced by ‘p’ in English.

e.g. Pfund - pound
Pfeffer - pepper
 97

! Words where ‘b’ in German is replaced by ‘f/v’ in English.

e.g. sie
siebben - seven
über - over

! Words where ‘ss’ or ‘ß’ in German is replaced by ‘t’ in English.

e.g. weiß - white
Mineralwass
Mineralwa sserer - mineral water

! Words where ‘cht’ in German is replaced by ‘ght’ in English.

e.g. Na
Nacht
cht - night
acht - eight

! Words where ‘z’ in German is replaced by ‘t’ in English.

e.g. zehn - ten
zu - to

! Words where ‘g’ in German is replaced by ‘y’ in English.

e.g. gestern - yesterday
gelb - yellow

! Words where ‘v’ in German is replaced by ‘f’ in English.

e.g. Vater - father
voll - full

Understanding words when Listening

It is easier to use guidelines when you are reading than when you are listening to German,
because you have more time to stop and think about the unknown word and the words
around it. All the same, there are some ways in which you can help yourself.

Are any words the same as in English?

There are many words which sound the same, or almost the same as in English, and have
the same meaning, such as

Finger Zoo
Supermarkt Wetter
Student spanisch
Job Sommer
Telefon Bäckerei
Tee Tennis
Theater Industrie
Paket Pullover
Konzert Mechaniker
modern Nummer
Geografie Bungalow
Foto Februar
Radio Salz
 98

How else can I help myself?

Some words which look the same as in English do not sound the same, but if you know
something about sound patterns in German, you will find them easier to recognise. Here
are some examples where knowing about sound patterns can help.

! The pronunciation of ‘-tion’ (‘-tzeeoon’) in words such as Station, Nation.

!

! The stress pattern of words such as Tourist, total, Student, Garage, Kassette,
Toilette.
!

! ‘Voiced’ sounds at the end of words in English are often ‘devoiced’ in German e.g.
Bart- beard, Bett – bed, Pfund – pound, which are pronounced with a t sound at the
end of the word in German and a d sound in English.
!

! The hard ‘k’ sound in English is often a soft ‘c’ sound in German (e.g. Milch – milk,
Flasche – flask or bottle)

Producing words in Speaking and Writing

When you are speaking or writing German you may sometimes find yourself ‘lost for words’.
Think about what you do if this happens to you when you are speaking your own language.
l anguage.

You get your message across either

! non-verbally by using your face or hands, perhaps with a few words, to show what
you mean,

or
! verbally by talking your way round the problem.

You can do exactly the same things in German.

What can I do to get my message across non-verbally?

This method of communicating can be useful when you are speaking German abroad, but
you shouldn’t rely on it in the Speaking Test, because the examiner can only mark what you
say! All the same, it’s worth knowing what you could do. Here are some ideas
ideas..

! Pointing and showing e.g.

!

Showing the size of something with your hands and saying So groß
Pointing at an object and saying Was ist das?
Pointing to where it hurts and saying Es tut weh – hier

!
Expression e.g.
Showing surprise or anger by your tone of voice
Showing anger, surprise, fear or pleasure by the look on your face
 99

! Mime e.g.

You’ve forgotten how to say Kann ich beim Abtrocknen helfen? You could
mime the action of the drying the dishes while saying Kann ich dir helfen?
! Drawing e.g.

To show how you get from one point to another, such as from
fr om your house to
the station.

How can I get my message across verbally, if I don’t know all the words?
There are ways of doing this, and it’s well worth practising them because they are useful in
lots of different situations,
situations, not just the Speaking
Speaking Test. All of them are be
better
tter than saying
nothing. Here are so some
me ide
ideas.
as.

! Using a word which refers to a similar thing. For example, if you can’t remember how
to say

Dom you could say große Kirche

Mantel you could say Jacke
Rose you could say Blume
Sessel you could say Stuhl
Kaufhaus you could say großer Laden
Naturwissenschaft you could say Physik, Chemie
Brieftasche you could say Geldtasche

You could make a list of others which you might find useful.

! Describing something

You could describe

describe the thing you
you’ve
’ve forgotten the word for. For example, if you can’t
remember how to say

Bushaltestelle you could say wo der Bus ankommt

Jugendherberge you could say Hotel für junge Leute

! Using simpler language

If you can’t communicate your idea exactly as you want to, try saying it more
simply e.g.

If you can’t say Ich freue mich auf deinen Besuch

you could say Es ist gut, dass du kommst

If you can’t say Ich bin um 5 Uhr angekommen

you could say Ich war um 5 Uhr hier
 100

Is it all right if I just invent a word?

No – please
please don’t! It really is
isn’t
n’t a goo
good
d idea. At best you will probably h
have
ave a w
word
ord which
doesn’t exist and at worst one which means something quite different from what you
intended and which leads you into a lot of awkward explanations!

Using a dictionary

REMEMBER - you can use a dictionary for classwork and for coursework, but you
cannot use it in the examination

A dictionary is a useful tool, but it isn’t a substitute for learning words and learning how to
communicate. Like most tools,
tools, a dictionary is only as good as the person u
using
sing it. It’s worth
the effort to find out how your dictionary works and to practise using it.
Here are some hints to help you get the best out of your dictionary.

What do I need to remember when looking up a word?

You will find words much more quickly if you remember that

a bilingual dictionary comes in two halves – German-English, followed by English-

German
!

! the words are listed in alphabetical order, so you need to know what the alphabetical
order is for German
!

! the words at the top of the page will help you find the word you want
!

! your knowledge of grammar will help you to find the word you want – for example, it
is no use looking up er hat because verbs are listed as infinitives so you must look for
haben.
!

! to look up an expression such as ‘pocket money’, you may have to look up both parts

!
separately to make up the word Taschengeld
! to look up the difference between a masculine and a feminine form it’s useful to know
that adding the suffix’-in’ makes the feminine form. Masculine and feminine forms
may not be shown separately e. g. Lehrer(-in)
!

! to look up the adjective ‘cloudy’ you may have to start with word ‘cloud’ and look
through the entry until you find ‘cloudy’ – wolkig
 101

What can help me to understand the dictionary entry now that I’ve found
it?
Quick ways of giving you information
information are used in dictionaries. You need to know what these
are, so that you can find your way through the entry easily and without wasting time.

Remember that

! feminine and plural forms are often given without writing the word out in full
! masculine and feminine forms may not be shown separately

e.g. Engländer (-in)

Spieler (-in)

! plural forms may be

- not shown at all

- shown using an abbreviation

e.g. Kind(-er)
- shown in full if there’s a complication

e.g. Zentrum pl Zentren

! if plurals are not shown at all then it’s useful if you know some common plural
patterns

TYPE 1

Singular and plural are the same or an Umlaut is added for the plural.

Singular Plural
Onkel - uncle Onkel - uncles
Lehrer - teacher Lehrer - teachers
Vater - father Väter - fathers

TYPE 2

The letter ‘e’ is added to form the plural.

Arm - arm Arme - arms

Hund - dog Hunde - dogs
Tag - day Tage - days
Monat - month Monate - months
 102

TYPE 3

The letters ‘er’ are added to form th

the
e plural. An Umlaut may also be needed.

Bild - picture Bilder - pictures

Ei - egg Eier - eggs
Buch - book Bücher - books
Mann - man Männer - men

TYPE 4

The letters ‘n’ or ‘en’ are added to form the plural.

Name - name Namen - names

Katze - cat Katzen - cats
Antwort - answer Antworten - answers
Woche - week Wochen - weeks

TYPE 5

The letter ‘s’ is added to form the plural.

Job - job Jobs - jobs

Auto - car Autos - cars
Hotel - hotel Hotels - hotels
Park - park Parks - parks

! abbreviations are used to show parts of speech e.g.

n noun
m masculine
f feminine
nt neuter
v verb
adj adjective

Make sure that you know where the list of abbreviations is in your dictionary, and what they
mean. Practise loo
looking
king up words aand
nd working your way through the entry for them. You
need to be able to use your dictionary quickly and confidently if you are to get the best out
of it.

How do I choose the correct word from the ones I’m given?
Sometimes you look up a word and find that several different translations
translations are given. This
can be a problem – if you choose the wrong one, you won’t be saying what you intended.

For example

! You look up ‘lounge’ in your dictionary. The words you find are

Bummel, Wohnzimmer, Gesellschaftsraum

You might find that all you needed was a reminder – perhaps Wohnzimmer looks
familiar straightaway and so you pick that.
 103

But sometimes none of the words you have to choose from look familiar, so what do
you do now? The only thing you ca can
n do is look each one up in the German-English
German-English
part of the dictionary, and see which fits the meaning you had in mind. For the
example we are using, you would find something like

Bummel means ‘stroll’

Wohnzimmer means ‘sitting room’
Gesellschaftsraum means ‘function room’
This shows that the words actually match different mea
meanings
nings ooff ‘loung
‘lounge’
e’ in English. Now
that you know this you can choose sensibly the word you need.

! You look up the word ‘chemist’ in your dictionary. The words you find are

Chemiker (-in), Apotheker (-in), Apotheke, Drogerie

By looking up these words in the German-English part of the dictionary, you find which fits
the meaning you had in mind. Apotheker is the person who dispenses medicine.

! You look up the word ‘cream’ in your dictionary. The words you find are

Sahne, Rahm, Creme

By looking up these words in the German-English part of the dictionary, you find which fits
the meaning you had in mind. All three can me
mean
an a cream which
which you eat, but
but Creme can
also be a cream you put on your skin.

! You look up the word ‘garage’ in your dictionary. The words you find are

Tankstelle, Garage, Werkstatt

By looking up these words in the German-English part of the dictionary, you find which fits
the meaning you had in mind. All three can be translated as ‘garage’, but
but only one,
Tankstelle, is the place where you buy petrol.

Will I do best if I look up every word?

No! A dictionary can help you, but it’s only as good as the person using it. If you don’t know
how German works and and how it fits together, the dictionary can’t do it for you. There really is
no substitute for learning vocabulary and grammar.

Looking up every
every word can lead you into writing gibberish. This is becau
because
se people often
communicate their thoughts by groups of words.

For example, if you looked up every word to translate ‘I want to leave school’ in German,
you could come out with Ich fehle zu lassen Schule . These are German words, one for
each English word, but as a group they wouldn’t mean anything to a German-speaker.

So think about how German communicates ideas, and keep well away from word-for-word
translation.
 104

To sum it all up…

If you

! know your vocabulary,

! know how German works – its grammar and structures and how it all fits together -
! learn to use communication strategies and practise them as often as possible,

you will stand a very good chance of producing good work in the examination and, better
still, being a person who understands and communicates well. In other words, you’ll get real
pleasure from being able to talk to German speakers and from being able to understand
their language and way of life.

VIEL GLÜCK!
 105

GRAMMAR

Lots of useful reminders about nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions

- how to make sentences that make sense!
 106

Grammar

Contents

Section 1: A reminder: talking about yourself and someone else.

Section 2: Talking about people, places and things.

Nouns
The accusative case
The dative case
The genitive case
Weak nouns
Prepositions
Pronouns
Possessives
Relative pronouns

Section 3: Talking about what happens.

Verbs
The Present
The Future
The Conditional
The Past
The Imperative
Separable and Inseparable Verbs
Reflexive Verbs
Modal Verbs

Section 4: Word order.

Basic word order
Conjunctions
Relative clauses
Time – manner – place

Section 5: Describing people, places, things and ideas

Adjectives
Making comparisons
Superlatives
etwas, nichts, viel, wenig
alles
This/these
Adverbs

Section 6: Other Topics

Questions
Negatives
Times, dates & seasons
 107

Section 1. A reminder

! Talking about yourself:

Ich bin: I am ich bin Engländer

ich bin Engländerin
ich habe: I have ich habe eine Schwester

!
Talking about someone else:
er ist: he is er ist Deutscher
sie ist: she is sie ist Deutsche

er hat: he has er hat zwei Schwestern

sie hat: she has sie hat einen Hund

Section 2. Talking about People, Places and Things

Nouns
! In German, nouns (words for people, plplaces
aces and thing
things)
s) are either masc
masculine,
uline,
feminine or neuter. Males are masculine, females are feminine but the gender of a
noun is not always related to its meaning. Eg. parks and films are masculine, flowers
and questions are feminine, and eggs and houses are neuter. It’s best to learn
whether nouns are masculine, feminine or neuter as you learn them.

Masculine: Feminine: Neuter:

der/ein Park die/eine Blume das/ein Ei
der/ein Film die/eine Frage das/ein Haus

Note: The German word for a girl is neuter - das Mädchen. This is because it ends in
-chen. All nouns that end in –chen are neuter. (Eg das Kätzchen – kitten.)

! If a noun
noun is made up of two shorter nouns joined tog
together,
ether, it is the last part which
determines the gender of the whole noun:
Eg: der Handschuh (It is die Hand, but der Schuh, so der Handschuh.)
! Nouns in German alway
alwayss start with a capital letter, even in the middle of a sentence.
Eg. Das ist meine Mutter. That’s my mother.
! The word for “the” changes to die for all genders in the plural form (more than one).

Die Filme sind gut. The films are good.

Die Blumen sind schön. The flowers are beautiful.
Die Eier sind frisch. The eggs are fresh.

! German nouns
nouns rarely form the plural by adding an –s. They are much more likely to
add –e, -n or –en. When you learn a noun it is best to learn its plural form as well.
Your dictionary and the vocabulary lists in this Guide will help you with the plural form
of nouns. For example, if you look up the German word Kind in a dictionary, you will
probably find something like this:
 108

Kind nt (-er) child

nt means that Kind is neuter, therefore das Kind. (-er) means add –er to make this
noun plural, therefore das Kind becomes die Kinder.

! If a noun
noun is made up of two shorter nouns joined tog
together,
ether, it is the plural of the last
part which determines the plural of the whole noun:
Eg. The plural of der Schuh is die Schuhe, therefore the plural of der Handschuh
must also be die Handschuhe.
! When talking about what someone does for a living, the word for “a” o
orr “an” is left out.

Mein Vater ist Ingenieur. My father is an engineer.

Meine Mutter arbeitet als Lehrerin. My mother works as a teacher.

The female form of most jobs in German is formed by adding –in to the male form.

der Lehrer " die Lehrerin

der Journalist " die Journalistin

The accusative case

!
A simple sentence usually has a subject, a verb an
and
d an object.
The subject does the action.
The verb is the action.
The object receives the action.

Eg: Du isst die Kekse.

(subject) (verb) (object)
You are eating the biscuits.

! The articles before a masculine noun cha

change
nge when that noun is the object of the
sentence. Feminine and neuter nouns are not affected.

Remember: der mein,

Other words like changes denchange
to etc
dein , ein changes . einen.
like einto

Ich habe einen Bleistift. (I have a pencil.)

Subject verb object
Er möchte den Film sehen. (He would like to see the
t he film.)
Subject verb object

But:

Ich habe eine Tasche. (I have a bag.)

Subject verb object
Er hat ein Auto. (He has a car.)
Subject verb object
 109

The dative case

! Sometimes a senten
sentence
ce has an “indirect object”. In English th
the
e word “to” often comes
before an indirect object. In German all the articles change in the
t he dative case.

! Remember: der changes to dem, ein changes to einem.

die changes to der, eine changes to einer.
das changes to dem, ein changes to einem.
! Ich sage das dem Lehrer. I’ll tell that to the teacher.
Ich schicke es einem Freund. I’ll send it to a friend.
! Ich gab der Lehrerin das Geld. I gave the money to the teacher.
Sie zeigt der Frau ihr Buch. She shows her book to the woman.
! Ich bringe es dem Mädchen. I’ll take it to the girl.
Er reicht dem Mädchen das Salz. He passes the salt to the girl.
The genitive case
! The genitive case sh
shows
ows poss
possession
ession and often means “of the” or “of a”. All articles
change in the genitive case.

! Remember: der changes to des, ein changes to eines.

die changes to der, eine changes to einer.
das changes to des, ein changes to eines.

! das Auto meiner Mutter my mother’s car (literally “the car of my

mother”)
am Ende der Straße at the end of the street
in der Mitte eines Waldes in the middle of a forest

! Note that masculine and neuter nouns a

add
dd an –s or sometimes –
–es
es in the genitive
case.

Das Büro meines Vaters my father’s office

Weak nouns
! There are a few masculine nouns
nouns (called weak noun
nouns)
s) to w
which
hich you have to add an
–n when they are not the subject of the sentence.

Ich habe den Herrn gesehen. I saw the gentleman.

Prepositions
! Prepositions are word
wordss which show the relationship between two things. Very o often
ften
they are used to show the position of one thing in relation to another. Eg. in, on etc.
 110

! Some prepositions are always followed by the a

accusative
ccusative case in German.
German.
Remember: This means the article
art icle changes before masculine nouns only.
! The most ccommon
ommon prepositions which take the accusative
accusative case are:

bis"until Ich bleibe bis nächste Woche.

durch"through Er geht durch die Tür.
für"for Ich arbeite für meinen Vater.
ohne"without Ich arbeite ohne einen Computer.

! Some prepositions
prepositions a
are
re always followed b
byy the dative ccase
ase in German. T
The
he most
common prepositions are:

aus"out of Er kommt aus dem Haus.

bei"at the home of Ich bleibe bei meiner Großmutter.
gegenüber"opposite Er wohnt gegenüber der Kirche.
mit"with Ich arbeite mit einem Freund.
nach"after Nach der Schule arbeite ich.
von"from Das ist nicht weit von der Schule.
zu"to Wie komme ich zu dem Schloss?

Gegenüber can also be placed after the noun: Er wohnt der Kirche gegenüber.

Zu dem is often shortened to zum and zu der is often shortened to zur.

Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Schule.

! Some prepositions
prepositions ccan
an be followed eithe
eitherr by the acc
accusative
usative o
orr by the da
dative
tive case
case..
The rule is:

Use the accusative to show motion towards a place.

Use the dative if there is no motion towards a place.

The most common prepositions which sometimes take accusative and sometimes
dative are:

auf=on Er setzt sich auf das Sofa. (Motion.)

Er sitzt auf dem Sofa. (No motion.)
in=in Ich fahre in das Dorf. (Motion.)
Ich wohne in einem Dorf. (No motion.)
neben=next to Ich stelle diese Vase neben die andere. (Motion.)
Sein Haus ist neben dem Park. (No motion.)
über=over Du gehst über die Brücke. (Motion.)
Das Fenster ist über dem Bett. (No motion.)
unter=under Die Katze ging unter den Tisch. (Motion.)
Sie sitzt under dem Tisch. (No motion.)
vor=in front of Er lief vor das Haus. (Motion.)
Treffen wir uns vor dem Kino. (No motion.)

In dem is often shortened to im and in das is often shortened to ins.

Er arbeitet im Garten. He works in the garden.
Wir gehen ins Kino. We’re going to the cinema.
 111

! Your dictionary and the vocabulary lis

listt in this Guide will help you to work out which
case to use after prepositions if you are not sure.

! There are some imp

important
ortant phrase
phrasess using prepositions which you sh
should
ould kn
know:
ow:
Ich bleibe zu Hause. I’m staying at home.
Ich fahre nach Schottland. I’m going to Scotland.
Er fährt mit dem Bus. He’s going on the bus.

Ich kommeauf
Ich wohne zu dem
Fuß. Lande. I come on foot.
I live in the country.
Wie sagt man das auf Deutsch? How do you say that in German?
Zu Weihnachten At Christmas
Zwei Briefmarken zu einem Euro. Two one euro stamps.
Ich gehe ins Bett. I’m going to bed.
Wir fahren ins Ausland. We’re going abroad.
Vor zwei Jahren. Two years ago.

Pronouns
Sometimes we don’t want to repeat a noun we’ve already mentioned, so we use a pronoun
instead. These are words like ‘he’, ‘they’ and ‘it’.

I/Me
! ‘I’ is always ich, with a small i unless it is the first word in a sentence.
Ich bin sechzehn Jahre alt. I am 16 years old.
Dann gehe ich schwimmen. Then I’m going swimming.

! ‘Me’, when it is the object (accusative) is mich:

Er hat mich gesehen. He saw me.
‘Me’ in the dative is mir. It often means “to me”.
Gib es mir! Give it to me.
Kommst du mit mir? Are you coming with me?

You (Singular, familiar)

! The same pattern is repeated for du, dich and dir.
Subject:
Was machst du? What are you doing?
Object:
Ich habe dich gesehen. I saw you.
Dative:
Ich schicke dir eine Karte. I’ll send you a card. (Literally: I’ll send to you a
card.)
 112

Du, dich, and dir is the form of ‘you’ to use when talking to a friend.

He/him
! There is a similar pattern for er, ihn and ihm.
Subject:
Was macht er? What is he doing?
Object:

Dative:Ich frage ihn. I’ll ask him.

Ich schicke ihm eine Karte. I’ll send him a card.

She/her
! There is no difference between the subject and object.
Subject:
Was macht sie? What is she doing?
Object:
Ich frage sie. I’ll ask her.
Dative:
Ich schicke ihr eine Karte. I’ll send her a card.
It
! There is no differen
difference
ce betw
between
een the subject an
andd the object, b
but
ut the dative do
does
es
change.

Subject:
Was macht es? What is it doing?
Object:
Ich sehe es. I see it.
Dative:
Ich gebe ihm einen Keks. I’ll give it a biscuit.

Remember: The word for ‘it’ depends on the gender of the noun to which it refers. If the
noun is masculine, the word for ‘it’ will be er. If the noun is feminine, the word for ‘it’ will be
sie.
Er ist teuer. It’s expensive. (Talking about der Wagen.)
Ich habe sie verloren. I’ve lost it. (Talking about die Tasche.)

We/us
! ‘We’ is always wir. There is no difference between the object and the dative (uns).
Subject:
Was sollen wir machen? What should we do?
Object:
Er möchte uns treffen. He’d like to meet us.
Dative:
Er möchte mit uns fahren. He’d like to travel with us.
 113

You (Polite, singular and plural)

! There is no differen
difference
ce betw
between
een the subject an
and
d the object, b
but
ut the dative do
does
es
change.
Subject:
Was machen Sie? What are you doing?
Object:

Dative:Er möchte Sie treffen. He’d like to meet you.

Er möchte mit Ihnen fahren. He’d like to travel with you.

! Remember: Sie and Ihnen begin with a capital letter at all times. These are the
words for ‘you’ and ‘your’ when you are talking to an adult or in a formal situation, for
example in a hotel, shop or bank.

You (Plural, familiar)

! The plural form of du is not Sie, but ihr. You need to be able to recognise this form.
Subject:
Was macht ihr? What are you doing?
Object:
Er möchte euch treffen. He’d like to meet you.
Dative:
Er möchte mit euch fahren. He’d like to travel with you.

They/them
! The same pattern is repeated as for Sie and Ihnen, but without a capital letter,
unless they are the first word in a sentence.
Subject:
Was machen sie? What are they doing?
Object:
Er möchte sie treffen. He’d like to meet them.
Dative:
Er möchte mit ihnen fahren. He’d like to travel with them.

!
There are certain key phrases you will need to use and understand w which
hich conta
contain
in
these pronouns:
Können Sie mir helfen? Can you help me?
Es gefällt mir. I like it. (Literally: It pleases me.)
Es tut mir Leid. I’m sorry. (Literally: It pains me.)
Mir ist heiß/kalt. I’m hot/cold. (Literally: to me it’s hot/cold.)
Mir ist schlecht. I feel ill.
Das ist mir zu klein. That’s too small for me.
 114

Possessives

! To show who owns what, there are words like ‘my’, ‘your’, ‘his’ etc. In German these
have the same endings as ein. They have to change when the case changes, in the
same way as ein would change.

Eg:
Mein Bruder wohnt bei meiner Mutter. My brother lives with my mother.
Deine Bücher sind in deiner Tasche. Your books are in your bag.
Sein Auto ist vor seinem Haus. His car is in front of his house.
Ist ihr Geld in ihrer Tasche? Is her money in her bag?
Unser Hund ist in unserem Auto. Our dog is in our car.
Ist Ihr Haus weit von Ihrer Schule? Is your house far from your school?
Hier sind ihre Getränke und ihr Essen. Here are their drinks and their food.

Remember: The familiar plural form of ‘your’ is euer. Note how the spelling changes
when it takes an ending.
Ist das euer Haus? Is that your house?
Ist das eure Mutter? Is that your mother?

!
You can also show who owns what by adding a
ann –s to names, just as in English but
without the apostrophe:
Das ist Margits Bruder. That’s Margit’s brother.
Wo ist Pauls Kuli? Where is Paul’s pen?

Relative pronouns
! These are words like ‘who’, ‘which’ or ‘that’. T
They
hey refer to a n
noun
oun you have alread
alreadyy
mentioned. Because nouns in German are masculine, feminine or neuter, the relative
pronoun has to agree with it. The verb also goes to the end of the clause (see section
on Word Order).
Ich habe einen Bruder, I have a brother, who is eighteen.
der achtzehn Jahre alt ist.
Ich habe eine Schwester, I have a sister, who is nine.
die neun ein
Ich habe Jahre alt ist.
Kaninchen, I have a rabbit, which is called Snowy.
das Snowy heißt.

! In English you ccan

an often leave th
these
ese word
wordss out, but in German yyou
ou can
can’t.
’t.
Ich habe einen Bruder, I have a brother called Michael.
der Michael heißt.
Ich habe eine Schwester, I have a sister called Susie.
die Susie heißt.

! The relative pronoun does not nece necessarily

ssarily ha
have
ve to be the subject of the relative
clause. If it is the object, it has to be in the accusative case. It could also be in the
dative case.
Das ist der Mann, den ich gesehen habe.
This is the man, whom I saw.
Das ist der Junge, mit dem ich ins Kino gegangen bin.
This is the boy, with whom I went to the cinema.
 115

! Sometimes was can be used as a relative pronoun. It also means that thet he verb goes
to the end of the clause. It means ‘which’ and always refers back to an action, rather
than a noun.
Ich konnte jeden Tag im Meer schwimmen, was sehr gut war.
I could swim in the sea every day, which was very good.
Wir haben jeden Abend im Restaurant gegessen, was sehr teuer war.
We ate at a restaurant every evening, which was very expensive.

Section 3: Talking about what happens

Verbs
! When you look up a verb (doing word) in a dictionary, you will find what is called the
infinitive form. In German these forms always end in –en or –n.
Eg: fahren – to travel, to go, angeln – to fish.
! To use a verb you hav
have
e looked up, you will have to change the endings
endings,, depending
on who or what is doing the action. The person or thing doing the action is called the
subject.

The Present – talking about what’s happening now.

! Here are the endings for the present tense.

ich – e: Ich gehe in die Stadt I’m going into town.
du – st: Kommst du mit? Are you coming with me?
er – t: Er bleibt hier. He’s staying here.
sie – t: Sie wohnt ganz in der Nähe. She lives very near by.
es – t: Es liegt neben der Kirche. It’s next to the church.
man – t: Man trinkt viel Bier People drink a lot of beer in Germany.
in Deutschland.
wir – en: Wir fahren mit dem Rad. We’re going by bike.
ihr – t: Kommt ihr mit? Are you coming with us?
Sie – en: Bleiben Sie auch Are you staying at home as well?
zu Hause?
sie – en: Sie machen nicht viel. They don’t do a lot.

!
When you
correct verbanswer
ending,a not
question a
about
boutthe
just repeat yourse
yourself,
lf, you
ending m
must
usedust make
in the sure that you use the
question:
Wo wohnst du? Where do you live?
Ich wohne in einem Dorf. I live in a village.
Was machst du abends? What do you do in the evenings?
Ich mache meine Hausaufgaben. I do my homework.

! When you
you answ
answer
er a question about a
another
nother pe
person,
rson, you probably won’t nee
need
d to
change the verb ending.
Wo wohnt er? Where does he live?
Er wohnt in einem Dorf. He lives in a village.
Was machen sie abends? What do they do in the evenings?
Sie machen ihre Hausaufgaben. They do their homework.
 116

! You use the same verb endings after n

nouns
ouns too:
Same ending as for er or sie:
Mein Vater kocht gern. My father likes cooking.
Meine Mutter arbeitet in einer Bank. My mother works in a bank.
Paul schwimmt gern. Paul likes swimming.

Same ending as for wir:

Mein Bruder und ich treiben My brother and I like sport.
gern Sport.
Same ending as for sie (pl.):
Sarah und Kate wohnen in der Sarah and Kate live near me.
Nähe von mir.
Meine Eltern arbeiten in der My parents work in the town centre.
Stadtmitte.

! The verb sein is irregular and does not follow the usual rules. You need to know it
very well, because it is one of the most common verbs in German.

Ich bin sechzehn Jahre alt. I am 16 years old.

Wie alt bist du? How old are you?

Sieist
Er istälter alsals
jünger ich.du. He is older than I am.
She is younger than you.
Wir sind in der zehnten Klasse. We are in Year 10.
Ihr seid gut in Deutsch. You are good at German.
Sind Sie Frau Schmidt? Are you Mrs Schmidt?
Sie sind kaputt. They are broken.

! Remember: You don’t need to translate the verb to be, when translating the English
continuous present tense. This is shown by the verb ending in German.
Er bleibt zu Hause can therefore mean either “He stays at home” or “He is staying at
home”.
Ich lerne Deutsch can mean “I learn German” or “I am learning German”.

Some verbs
verbs”. Your change slightly
dictionary in the
will have du and
a full list ofer/sie/es
these butforms.
here These arevery
are some called “strong
common
ones.

essen Er isst kein Fleisch. He doesn’t eat meat.

fahren Sie fährt mit dem Bus. She travels by bus.
haben Es hat eine gelbe Tür. It has a yellow door.
lesen Er liest gern. He likes reading.
nehmen Du nimmst die erste Straße You take the first street on
links. the left.
sehen Sie sieht fern. She is watching television.
 117

The Future – talking about what will happen.

! The Future Tense de describes

scribes wh
what
at will ha
happen
ppen or what someo
someonene will do at some poin
pointt
in the future.
! To form it you use the verb werden just like you would use a modal verb (see p.126).
The infinitive of the verb you want to put into the future is sent to the end of the
clause.
! Here is the verb werden in full:

Du werdeviel
Ich wirst in die Stadt gehen.
lernen.
I will go into town.
You will learn a lot.
Er wird später kommen. He will come later.
Sie wird morgen da sein. She will be there tomorrow.
Es wird später regnen. It will rain later.
Wir werden früh ankommen. We will arrive early.
Werdet ihr auf uns warten? Will you wait for us?
Sie werden zu Hause bleiben. You will stay at home.
Sie werden nichts machen. They will not do anything.

! You can often avoid using the future tense by just using the present tens
tense
e with a
suitable time word or phrase, such as ‘tomorrow’, or ‘next week’.

Morgen fahren wir nach Deutschland. Tomorrow we’re going to Germany.

Ich gehe später in die Stadt. I’m going into town later.

The conditional – talking about what would happen.

! To talk about what would haphappen

pen (if ssomething
omething else happe
happened),
ned), you need to use the
conditional tense. This is formed in exactly the same way as the future tense, except
that you use these forms of werden:
Ich würde in die Stadt gehen. I would go into town.
Du würdest viel lernen. You would learn a lot.
Er würde später kommen. He would come later.
Sie würde morgen da sein. She would be there tomorrow.
Es würde später regnen. It would rain later.
Wir würden früh ankommen. We would arrive early.
Würdet ihr auf uns warten? Would you wait for us?
Sie würden zu Hause bleiben. You would stay at home.
Sie würden nichts machen. They would not do anything.

The Past – talking about what has happened.

! There are two past tenses in German. We’ll look at the perfect tense first as it’s the
most common.

! The perfect tense des

describes
cribes what has ha
happened
ppened or what someon
someone e has done. It is
made up of two parts, as in English:
The present tense of haben or sein + the past participle of the main verb.
Ich habe im Park Tennis gespielt. I have played tennis in the park.

! In English the verb to have can be left out (eg. I played tennis) but you can’t miss it
out in German.
 118

! Most regular
regular (or “weak”) verbs have a pa
past
st particip
participle
le beginning with ge- and ending
beginning
with –t. The past participle always goes to the end of the clause.
Eg. Ich habe ein neues Rad gekauft. I have bought a new bike.
! Some common verbs (called “strong verbs” in Ge German)
rman) ha
have
ve irregu
irregular
lar pas
pastt
participles. Your dictionary or your German text book probably has a full list. Their
past participles start with ge- and end in –en. There is also sometimes a vowel
change.
Wir haben ein bisschen gelesen. We read a little.
Er hat sein Geld verloren. He lost his money.

! Verbs whose infinitives end in –ieren do not have a ge- on their past participles and
they are always weak. The same is true of verbs which start with er-, ver- and be-,
but which can be either strong or weak.
Ich habe ein Zimmer reserviert. I have reserved a room.
Wir haben eine Woche in We spent a week in France.
Frankreich verbracht.
Ich habe Berlin besucht. I visited Berlin.
Der Film hat um 20 Uhr begonnen. The film started at 8.00 p.m.

! In English you neve

neverr form the past tense with the verb ‘to be’, but in German some
verbs do form the past tense with sein. They nearly all describe movements, though
not all do. Most of these verbs are strong and therefore their past participles are often
irregular.
Ich bin ins Bett gegangen. I went to bed.
Er ist nach Spanien geflogen. He flew to Spain.
Mein Vater ist zu Hause geblieben. My father stayed at home.

! Your dictionary will tell you which verbs take haben and which take sein. Some of
the most common verbs taking sein are:

gehen to go Ich bin zu Fuß gegangen.

fahren to go, to travel Sind Sie mit dem Zug gefahren?
kommen to come Ich bin um zehn Uhr gekommen.
bleiben to stay Er ist zwei Tage geblieben.
passieren to happen Was ist passiert?

! Note: To say how long you have been doing something, you actually use the present
tense in German - if you are still doing it, that is.
Ich lerne seit zwei Jahren Deutsch. I have been learning German for two years.

! The simple past (often called the ‘imperfect tense’) is used largely in the same way
as the perfect tense, to describe what happened in the past. It is less common in
spoken German, but very common in the written language.

! The two mo
most
st co
common
mmon simple past forms you will need are:

haben – ich hatte kein Geld I had no money.

sein – ich war in der Stadt I was in town.
 119

! To form the simple past of weak verbs

verbs,, you remove the –en endin
ending
g from the infinitive
and add the following endings:

ich machte wir machten

du machtest ihr machtet
er machte Sie machten
sie machte sie machten
es machte sie machten

! This tense is always used for modal verbs in the past, even when other verbs are in
the perfect tense. Here are the simple past forms of all six modal verbs (see p.126 for
more about modal verbs):

können – konnte wollen - wollte

müssen – musste dürfen - durfte
sollen – sollte mögen – mochte

Note: The simple past of mögen is mochte, which means ‘liked’. The very common form
möchte means ‘would like’ and is pronounced differently because of the Umlaut on
the o. You must make sure you pronounce möchte correctly.

! You need
need to learn the simple p past
ast forms of strong verbs sseparately,
eparately, b
because
ecause they
change quite a lot from the infinitive, just like ‘drink’ becomes ‘drank’ in English. Your
dictionary will have a full list, but the endings you need to add to the verbs are as
follows:

ich fuhr wir fuhren

du fuhrst ihr fuhrt
er fuhr Sie fuhren
sie fuhr sie fuhren
es fuhr sie fuhren

The pluperfect – saying what had already happened when something else happened.

! The pluperfect tense takes the action a step further back into the past than the
perfect or simple past tenses. It is formed
f ormed in exactly the same way as the perfect
tense, except that you use the simple past form of haben or sein, rather than the
present tense form. The pluperfect is often used in sentences which also contain
another clause in the perfect or simple past tense. Look at these examples:

Er hat mich ins Kino eingeladen, aber ich hatte den Film schon gesehen.
He invited me to the cinema, but I had already seen the film.
Ich war pünktlich um neun Uhr da, aber er war schon abgefahren.
I was there punctually at nine o’clock, but he had already left.
 120

The imperative – telling other people what to do.

! If you would say Sie to the person you’re giving the instruction to, just turn the Sie
form of the verb around. You use this form when giving directions to strangers in the
street, for example.
Nehmen Sie die erste Straße rechts! Take the first street on the right.
! If you would say du to the person, you just take off the –st ending from the verb and
leave out the du altogether. Teachers use this form when telling one pupil what to do.
Hör gut zu! Listen carefully.
! If you would say ihr to a group of people, just use the ihr form of the verb without ihr.
German teachers use this form to talk to their classes.
Schreibt zehn Sätze, bitte. Write ten sentences please.

Separable and inseparable verbs.

! Quite a lot of German ve

verbs
rbs start with a prefix. Som
Sometimes
etimes this is separab
separable,
le, and
sometimes it is inseparable.

! If it is a separable prefix, this means that it goes to the end of the clause
clause,, for e
example
xample
abfahren:
Der Zug fährt um 14 Uhr ab. The train leaves at 14.00.
! In the past participle, the prefix goes before the ge-.
Der Zug ist schon abgefahren. The train has already left.
! If the prefix is inseparable, the verb is treated like all other vverbs,
erbs, for example
besuchen:
Ich besuche meine Großmutter. I visit my grandmother.
! Inseparable verbs do not have a ge in their past participles.
Ich habe meine Großmutter besucht. I visited my grandmother.
! In all other
other ways, separable and insepa
inseparable
rable verbs are just like other verbs – they
can be strong or weak and they can take haben or sein in the perfect tense.

Reflexive Verbs.
! A reflexive verb add
addss an extra wo
word
rd (meaning myself, yo
yourself,
urself, etc) after the verb.
Here are four common examples:
Ich ziehe mich an. I get dressed
Mein Bruder duscht sich. My brother is having a shower.
Wir treffen uns vor dem Kino. We’ll meet in front of the cinema.
Sie waschen sich. They’re having a wash. (Literally: They wash
themselves.)

! In all other
other ways, reflexive verbs are treated in the same way as ordinary verbs. They
can be strong or weak but they all take haben in the perfect tense.
Ich habe mich angezogen. I got dressed.
Mein Bruder hat sich geduscht. My brother had a shower.
 121

Modal Verbs

! There are six ve

very
ry commo
common n verbs called m
modal
odal verbs
verbs.. They are sligh
slightly
tly irregular and
they are always used in conjunction with another verb. Here are all six verbs in the
present tense:

können müssen sollen wollen mögen dürfen

To be able To have to To be To want to To like To be
to (can) (must) supposed allowed to
to (should) (may)
ich kann ich muss ich soll ich will ich mag ich darf
du kannst du musst du sollst du willst du magst du darfst
er/sie/es er/sie/es er/sie/es er/sie/es er/sie/es er/sie/es
kann muss soll will mag darf
wir können wir müssen wir sollen wir wollen wir mögen wir dürfen
ihr könnt ihr müsst ihr sollt ihr wollt ihr mögt ihr dürft
Sie/sie Sie/sie Sie/sie Sie/sie Sie/sie Sie/sie
können müssen sollen wollen mögen dürfen

! The other verb in the clause with the modal verb goes to the end and is always in the
infinitive
Was sollen form.
wir morgen Nachmittag What should we do tomorrow afternoon?
machen?
Sie können viel helfen. You can help a lot.
Ich muss zur Schule gehen. I have to go to school.
Willst du morgen Abend ins Kino Do you want to go to the cinema
gehen? tomorrow evening?

Section 4: Word Order

Basic word order

! The most bbasic thatt the verb must be the second

asic rule of word order in German is tha
idea in a clause. A clause is a part of a sentence that contains a verb. Longer
sentences often consist of two or even more clauses.
Mein Vater wohnt in London. My father lives in London.
(Subject) (verb)

! If the subject
subject does not start the senten
sentence
ce or clause, the verb must still be th
the
e second
idea – this is not always the same as the
t he second word, although it often is.
Am Wochenende arbeite ich. At the weekend I work.
(First idea) (Verb) (Subject)

! The first idea is very o

often
ften an expression of time, as in the previous
previous examp
example.
le.
 122

Conjunctions

! Clauses can be joined

joined to
together
gether to form lon
longer
ger se
sentences
ntences by using conjunctions, or
using
joining words. If you use these four very common
common conjunctions, the word order after
them does not change at all:
und = and aber = but oder = or denn = because, for
sondern = but (after a negative construction)
Ich spiele Golf, aber John geht nach Hause.
I’m playing golf but John is going home.
Das war gut, denn ich hatte keine Zeit.
That was good, because I had no time.

! If the clause
clause starts with any of the following very common cconjunctions,
onjunctions, the verb goes
to the end:
wenn = if, when, whenever
dass = that
weil = because
als = when
bevor = before

Ich war in der Stadt, als ich

i ch Helen sah.
I was in town when I saw Helen.
Wir gehen zum Strand, wenn es schön ist.
We’ll go to the beach if it is fine.
Ich studiere Mathe, weil es interessant ist.
I’m studying maths because it’s interesting.

! If there is more than one verb in the clause, the main one goes right to the very end.
Ich glaube, dass ich Helen gesehen habe.
I think I saw Helen.
mit fahren darf.
Meine Eltern sagen, dass ich mitfahren
My parents say I can go with you.

! If you start a sentence with one of these conjunctions, then the verb in the seco
second
nd
clause must always be the first word in that clause. This means that in the
t he middle of
sentences like this you have the pattern “verb comma verb”.
Als ich bezahlen wollte, war mein Geldbeutel nicht mehr da.
When I wanted to pay, my purse was no longer there.
Weil meine Eltern geschieden sind, sehe ich meinen Vater nur selten.
Because my parents are divorced, I only rarely see my father.

Relative Clauses
! When you use a relative pronoun (see sec
section
tion on pronouns), the verb goes to the
end of the relative clause.
Ich habe einen Hund, der Max heißt.
I have a dog, who is called Max.
Ich habe in einem Hotel gewohnt, das ‘Hotel Marisol’ hieß.
I stayed in a hotel, which was called the Hotel Marisol.
 123

Time – manner – place

! When these three elements (or any two of them) are present in a clause, they must
be in this order. In other words, the order must be when – how – where.
Ich fahre um acht Uhr mit dem Bus zur Schule.
(Time) (Manner) (Place)
When? How? Where?

Section 5: Describing people, places, things and ideas

Adjectives
! An adjective
adjective is a describing word, lik
like
e ‘big
‘big’,’, ‘red’, ‘happy’, or ‘awful’.

! If the adjective comes after the thing it describes, it has no special ending.
(Masculine) Mein Garten ist groß. My garden is big.
(Feminine) Meine Küche ist groß. My kitchen is big.
(Neuter) Mein Haus ist groß. My house is big.

! If the adjective comes before the thing it describes, it has an ending which changes,
depending on the gender and case of the thing it is describing.
(Masculine) Ein großer Garten a big garden
(Feminine) Eine große Küche a big kitchen
(Neuter) Ein großes Haus a big house

! In these examples, the adjec

adjective
tive ‘groß’ shows the ge
gender
nder of the nou
noun
n and the
endings remind us of der, die and das.
! After der, die and das the adjective always ends in –e because the gender of the
noun is clear from the article.
Der neue Wagen sieht gut aus. The new car looks good.
Ich sehe das neue Buch nicht. I can’t see the new book.

! The masculine form ends in –en when the noun is the object of the sentence, to
match the word den or einen.
Ich habe einen großen Garten. I have a big garden.
Kann ich den schönen Pulli Can I try on the lovely pullover?
anprobieren?
! The usual ending for plural adjectives is just –e, whatever the gender of the noun it is
describing, to match the word die.
Es gibt viele alte Häuser. There are lots of old houses.
! If the word die is included, the adjective ending is –en in the plural.
Die alten Häuser sind schön. The old houses are beautiful.
! Adjectives in the dative and ge
genitive
nitive case
casess nearly always take
take the ending
-en. There are some cases where they have other endings but you do not need to
know these for GCSE.
Wir wohnen in einem kleinen Dorf. We live in a small village.
Das Dorf liegt am Ufer eines The village is situated on the bank of
breiten Flusses. a wide river.
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Making Comparisons

Comparatives
!To compare two things, you take the adjective that you wish to use, for example
schwer (hard), and add –er to make schwerer (harder).
Kunst ist leichter als Mathe. Art is easier than maths.
! This is the only way to make co
comparatives
mparatives in German and the rule applies to all
adjectives, however long they are.
Deutsch ist interessanter als Chemie. German is more interesting than chemistry.
! Short adjectives like groß or alt add an umlaut on the vowels a, o and u.
Er ist größer als ich. He is bigger than me.
Sie ist älter als du. She is older than you.

! There are some exceptions to this rule:

gut besser
hoch höher
viel mehr

Superlatives

! You use a superlative form to ssay

ay that something is the best (or worst) it ccould
ould be –
for example the slowest, fastest or most expensive. To form them add –st or –est to
the adjective and then the usual adjective ending.
Das ist mein schönstes Kleid. That is my prettiest dress.
Er hat das schnellste Auto. He has the fastest car.

etwas, nichts, viel, wenig

! When these
these words are followe
followed
d by an adadjective,
jective, it always has the ending –es. The
has
adjective always starts with a capital letter.
etwas Neues something new
nichts Besonderes nothing special

alles
!
When this word is followed b byy an adjective the end ing is always –e and the adjective
ending
always starts with a capital letter.
alles Gute all the best
This/these
! The German word for ‘this’ or ‘these’ is dies, with the same endings as the word for
‘the’.
the presents = die Geschenke these presents = diese Geschenke
in the letter = in dem Brief in this letter = in diesem Brief

Adverbs
! Adverbs add
add extra information to the verb. They tell you how something is done. In
English they are usually formed by adding –ly to the adjective. Slow becomes slowly,
quick becomes quickly and so on. In German the adverb is exactly the same as the
adjective. Therefore langsam can mean both slow and slowly, schnell can mean
quick and quickly.
 ! Adverbs are normally placed after the verb they describe.

125

Du läufst schnell. You run quickly.

! Gern is a very common adverb which shows that someone likes doing something. It
has to be used with a verb.
Hast du dein Haus gern? Do you like your house?
Ich sehe gern fern. I like watching television.

! The word lieber works in exactly the same way and means that the person prefers
doing something to something else.
Ich gehe lieber ins Kino. I prefer going to the cinema.

Section 6: Other Topics

Questions
! The simplest
simplest way to ask a question in German is to place the verb before the person
or thing doing the action of the verb.
Sie wohnen in Bonn (statement) becomes Wohnen Sie in Bonn? (question)
You live in Bonn. Do you live in Bonn?

! There are also sev

several
eral question words which you nee
need
d to le
learn.
arn. They all start with W

in German, and you always use the question form above after you have used one of
them.

Wo wohnst du? Where do you live?

Was lernst du? What are you learning?
Warum machst du das? Why are you doing that?
Wer kauft ein? Who does the shopping?
Wann gehst du aus? When do you go out?
Wie macht man das? How do you do that?
Wie viele CDs hast du? How many CDs do you have?

Negatives

! To make a verb negative the word to use is nicht.

Ich habe die Arbeit nicht gemacht I did not do the work.
Ich habe es nicht gekauft. I did not buy it.

! The word for nothing is nichts.

Ich habe nichts gemacht. I have done nothing.
Ich habe nichts gekauft. I have bought nothing/I haven’t bought
anything.

! Other negative words are nie (never), nicht mehr (no more, no longer) and niemand
(nobody).
Ich rauche nie. I never smoke.
Mein Vater raucht nicht mehr. My father doesn’t smoke any more.
Niemand in meiner Familie raucht. Nobody in my family smokes.

! Don’t forget that you don’t us

usually
ually sa ay kein.
sayy “nicht ein” – instead you ssay
Ich habe keine Geschwister. I don’t have any brothers or sisters.
 Das ist kein Problem. That’s not a problem.

126

Time, dates and seasons

! The word Uhr means clock, or o’clock. To say what time it is, you therefore
t herefore put the
figure for the hour before the word Uhr.
Es ist neun Uhr. It is nine o’clock
! To say at a certain time you use the word um.
um neun Uhr. at nine o’clock.
! Remember that you don’t say half past the hour in German, but half way to the next
hour.
Es ist halb zehn. It is half past nine.

! The 24 hour clock is much more commo

common n in German spespeaking
aking cou
countries
ntries than it is in
the UK. It is used to give the times of public transport (as here), but also on television
to say when programmes begin. People also use it when making arrangements to
avoid any possible confusion.
Es gibt einen Zug um vierzehn Uhr dreißig.
There’s a train at fourteen thirty.
Die Tagesschau beginnt um neunzehn Uhr.
The News begins at 7 o’clock.
Treffen wir uns um zwanzig Uhr vor dem Kino.
Let’s meet at 8 o’clock outside the cinema.

! Remember that Uhr only means ‘clock’ or ‘o’clock’. It does not mean ‘hour’, which is
is
Stunde.
Die Reise dauert eine Stunde. The journey lasts an hour.
! To say on a certain day, you use am.
am Sonntag. on Sunday.
! To talk about so
something
mething which happens regularly on a certain day, add an –s and
give the day a small letter.
Es gibt samstags keine Schule. There is no school on Saturdays.
! To talk about a particular part of the day, jus
justt add it to the day of the week in
question.
am Montagmorgen on Monday morning
am Dienstagnachmittag on Tuesday afternoon
am Mittwochabend on Wednesday evening

! To say in a certain month or season, you use im.

im Februar in February
im Winter in winter

! To say on a certain date, you use am.

Ich habe am zehnten Mai Geburtstag. My birthday is on the tenth of May.

! The date at the top of letters is always written den plus the date in figures followed by
a full stop. You write the place you are writing from before the date:
Mainz, den 10. Mai Mainz, the tenth of May.
 127

! Note how
how to give a pe
period
riod o
off time between two dadates:
tes:
nd
Ich möchte vom zweiten bis zum I would like to stay from the 2 to the
neunten Juni bleiben. 9th of June.
128