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Ethics Module 4

Das Dokument behandelt Aristoteles' Ethik der Tugend, die die Entwicklung des Charakters und die Suche nach einem guten Leben in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Es wird betont, dass Tugend durch Gewohnheit und die Wahl des 'goldenen Mittels' zwischen Extremen erreicht wird, wobei sowohl intellektuelle als auch moralische Tugenden wichtig sind. Zudem wird die Kritik an der Tugendethik angesprochen, insbesondere ihre kulturelle Relativität und die mangelnde Fokussierung auf spezifische moralische Handlungen.

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63 Ansichten39 Seiten

Ethics Module 4

Das Dokument behandelt Aristoteles' Ethik der Tugend, die die Entwicklung des Charakters und die Suche nach einem guten Leben in den Mittelpunkt stellt. Es wird betont, dass Tugend durch Gewohnheit und die Wahl des 'goldenen Mittels' zwischen Extremen erreicht wird, wobei sowohl intellektuelle als auch moralische Tugenden wichtig sind. Zudem wird die Kritik an der Tugendethik angesprochen, insbesondere ihre kulturelle Relativität und die mangelnde Fokussierung auf spezifische moralische Handlungen.

Hochgeladen von

kristinejoyencarguez2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Wir nehmen die Rechte an Inhalten ernst. Wenn Sie vermuten, dass dies Ihr Inhalt ist, beanspruchen Sie ihn hier.
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© » em P Love and Knowledge: To educate the mind and heart. Oo augustinian recollects Some criticisms on virtue ethics Some philosophers criticize virtue ethics as culturally relative. Since different people, cultures and societies often have different opinions on what constitutes a virtue, perhaps there is no one objectively right list. Love and Knowledge: To educate the mind and heart. augustinian recollects © St. Thomas Aquinas’ Natural Law Divisions of law esl ui ed 1. Eternal law Four ideas of |» in Aquinas 2. Natural law esi he ai oT 3. Human law i. aa - ei eee Ln) 4. Divine law Tee a 5. The Old law oe 6 . The New Law augustinian recollects St. Thomas and Happiness * The natural and its tenets * Happiness as Constitutive of Moral and Cardinal Virtues * Happiness with God A. Love and Knowledge: To educate the mind and heart. @ DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS and KANTIAN ETHICS aL Rar ay Ur ag @ augustinian recollects Terminology Derived from Ancient Greek terms (dein or deon = to be obligated), “deontology" just means the study of obligations. However, philosophers often use “deontology’ in a more restricted sense: it is the study of moral obligations in the form of duties & rights. Lave anno: T educate he mina heart Oeontological oie Theories Like consequentialist theories, deontological theories are ethical theories. They are theories about what constitutes morally correct/incorrect action, what makes actions right/wrong. Unlike consequentialism, a deontological theory emphasizes the role of duties & rights. Divine Command Theory is a classic example of a deontological theory. Ooaeee ine Cond thoary # _.apaustinian Non-Consequentialist®“: Ethical Theory Deontological theories reject the consequentialist idea that the oral value of an act is determined solely by its consequences: deontology is a form of non-consequentialism. anennnigr enenneannamas Consequentialism The consequentialism theories hold that an action’s rightness or wrongness depends on the consequences it causes. (e.g. happiness, pain, etc.) a augustinian recollects: Deontological Theories Deontological theories hold that an. action’s rightness or wrongness depends on its conformity to a certain norm, regardless of the consequences} (e.g. "Rights vs. Good") ean eeinaaiaaatemienn augustinian recollects CONSEQUENTIALISM VS. DEONTOLOGY The following example helps to illustrate the difference between these two broad approaches to thinking about the moral quality of actions: Chop. You can maximize overall happiness by chopping up one person (for his parts) to save five. If there are in fact cases of this sort, the act utilitarian is evidently committed to the view that you ought, morally, to chop up the one to save five. iesoandtinsintgs YocinsioGnatsientant augustinian recollects. The deontological Alternative A deontologist can avoid this conclusion by insisting that there is a moral duty which forbids killing innocent persons—even if you can get the best consequences by doing so. , 6 vermin et itn augustinian RR t A recoliects Human it-centered Right oe atient-centered ms ¥ yunts of " Deontological theories typically take one gation of two forms: [Link]-centered approaches (duty-based) cl approaches __(rights- based Love an Kanade Toast the mind ad haa, o augustinian fecollects Agent-centered Theories focuses on the duties of moral agent. It centers on the person acting, rather than the rights of the person being acted upon (patient-centered theories). Agent centered theories can be further divided into those that focus on the mental state of the agent and those that focus on the nature of the agent's actions. ov ent tevstetge: Yo odenae te end and bam. Agent-centered Theories: mental state | ‘An action is wrong or right because of the intentions that motivated it. G RIG HT The Catholic doctrine of double effect: We are categorically forbidden for intending to cause evils (such as killing the innocent), even in order to prevent w other evils. However, it is acceptable to cause evils unintentionally, even if we foresee them as effects of our actions, © Agent-centered Theories Agent-centered Theories propose that an action is wrong or right because of the intentions that motivated it. o augustinian recollects Patient-centered Theories an action is wrong if it violates a person's rights. E.g. the right to “life, liberty, and property/ the pursuit of happiness” or “against being used only as a means for producing good consequences without one’s consent.” ow anf Shosiatgs: Yoodests eed endtaan Natural / Human Rights What we are interested in are sometimes Cc a » referred to as natural or human rights = a (rights to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness, ae etc.). rT 4 ici) \ = These are rights possessed in virtue of au) Pe ccoOn, % your humanity or your status as a person. You possess them by your very nature (qua a human being/person). You may refer to your textbook on pages 114-115. Caamannnags teaneaaaannatanes o augustinian recollects Some criticisms on virtue ethics Another objection to virtue theory is that it does not focus on what sorts of actions are morally permitted and which ones are not, but rather on what sort of qualities someone ought to foster in order to become a good person. This particular feature of the theory makes virtue ethics useless as a universal norm of acceptable conduct suitable as a base for legislation. are yOu 4. GO0D PERSON Love and Knowledge: To educate the mind and heart.

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