UNIT 1 Introduction to multimedia © What is multimedia Multimedia is the use of a computer to present and combine text, graphics, audio, and video with links and tools that let the user navigate, interact, create, and communicate. This definition contains four components essential to multimedia, First, there must be a computer to coordinate what you see and hear, and to interaet with. Second, there must be links that connect the information. Third, there must be navigational tools that let you traverse the web of connected information, Finally, because multimedia is not a spectator sport, there must be ways for you to gather, process, and communicate your own information and ideas. If one of these components is missing. you do not have multimedia, For example, if you have no computer to provide interactivity, you have mixed media, not niultimedia. If there are no links to provide a sense of structure and dimension, you ha If there are no navigational tools to let you decide the course of action, you have a movie, not multimedi you cannot create and contribute your own ideas, you have a television, not multimedia. . If * Vector And Raster Graphics In Multimedia Raster Graphics Raster graphics are digital images created or captured (for example, by scanning in a photo) as a set of samples of a given space. A raster is a grid of x and y coordinates on a display space. (And for three-dimensional images, a z coordinate.) A raster image file identifies which of these coordinates to illuminate in monochrome or color values. The raster file is sometimes referred to as a bitmap because it contains information that is directly mapped to the display grid, A raster file is usually larger than a vector graphics image file. A raster file is usually difficult to modify without loss of information, although ster file into a vector file for there are software tools that can convert a refinement and changes. Exa TIFF, GIF, and JPEG files. nples of raster image file types are: BMP, Vector Graphics:Vector graphics is the creation of digital images through a sequence of commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a given two- dimensional or three-dimensional space. In physics. a vector is a representation of both a quantity and a direction at the same time. In vector graphics, the file that results from a graphic artist's work is created and saved as a sequence of vector statements. For example, instead of containing a bit in the file for each bit of a Tine drawing, a vector graphic file describes a series of points to be connected. One result is a much smaller file. At some point, a vector image is converted into a raster graphics image, which maps bits ctly to a dis play space (and is sometimes called a bitmap). The vector image can be converted to a raster image file prior to its display so that it can be ported between systems. * Differences between Vector and Raster graphics The main difference between vector and raster graphics is that raster graphics are composed of pixels, while vector graphics are composed of paths. A raster graphic, such as a gif or jpeg, is an array of pixels of various colors, whichThey are composed of pixels. They are composed of paths. In Raster Graphics, elresh process is independent ‘ofthe complexity of the image. Vector cisplays licker when the number of primitives in the image become too large, Graphic primitives are specified in terms of end points and must be scan converted info corresponding pels. Scan conversion is not required. Raster graphics can draw mathematical curves, polygons and boundaries of curved primitives only by pixel approximation, Vector graphics draw continuous and smooth ines. Vector graphics cost more as compared to raster Raster graphics cost less optics, They occupy roca dec ge i apy apa File extensions: BMP, TIF, GIF, JPG File Extensions: .SVG, EPS, PDF, .Al, DXF * Color Models What is a color model? A color model is simply a way to define color. A model describes how color will appear on the computer screen or on paper. Three popular color models are: CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black) RGB (Red, Green, Blue) CMYKThe CMYK model is used for print work and it describes colors based on their percentage of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. These four colors are used by commercial printers and bureaus and you may also find that your home printer uses these colors too. These four colors are needed to reproduce full color artwork in magazines, books and brochures. By combining Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black on paper in varying percentages, the illusion of lots of colors is created. RGB The RGB model is used when working with screen based designs. A value between 0 and 255 is assigned to each of the light colors, Red, Green and Blue. So for example, if you wanted to create a purely blue color, Red would have a value of 0, Green would have a value of | and Blue would have a value of 255 (pure blue). To create black, Red, Green and Blue would each have a value of 0 and to create white, cach would have a value of 255, RGB is known as an “additive” model and is the opposite of the subtractive color model. HSV HSV is a cylindrical color model that remaps the RGB primary colors into dimensions that are easier for humans to understand. Like the Mansell Color System, these dimensions are hue, saturation, and value. Hue specifies the angle of the color on the RGB color circle. A 0° hue results in red, 120° results in green, and 240° results in blue. Saturation conirols the amount of color used. A color with 100% saturation will be the purest color possible, while 0% saturation yields grayscale, Value controls the brightness of the color. « Concepts of Multimedia The majority of content we are exposed to daily is a product of one or more lypes of multimedia. Multimedia represents a collection of nuultiple forms of working in a coherent and integrated way, hence the name multimedia. This combination of data from various sources working on the same objecthas become a tremendous driving force in our culture and has shaped the way we conceive reality, Types of Multimedia Text Text is seen as probably one of the most frequently combined mediums in the colorful world of multimedia. It started as a written message you wanted to send across to readers and has been one of the key forms of communication in the world for ages. In multimedia, it is usually combined with photographs nd video presentations to augment these other forms of communication and ‘ive a detailed description of them. Audio Files Audio files are a collection of sounds that can be added and combined with all other types of media ina multitude of ways. First, audio files can function as musical backgrounds to images and photographs, and even texts. Also, many cameras that are primarily seen as technology in charge of creating video material and pictures are equipped with sound recorders to complement the video material and imagery. Audio files don’t take up much ce and are easily transmitted across the web and local systems. Images and Photographs Images and visual representations are probably one of the oldest forms of media that date back to prehistory and the time of cave drawings. With the advent of civilization and technology, images have first been combined with texts and printed in books and newspapers, and are now seen in all forms of media, Icons or small photographs and pictures enhance written documents and give them a unique edge and a powerful visual element. Video Material Another essential type of multimedia comes in the form of video presentation and material. Video is a collection of moving picturescombined with audio files that provides one of the most intensive multimedia experiences out there. Videos also include written texts, which means that video material often combines more than two different types of media, Animation We can say that the place where images and photographs meet video material is where animation begins. One of the most frequent types of animation seen on the web today are GIFs, otherwise known as graphic i imple collection of images that rapidly ge, g e small, compact, and easily transferable, which is one of the reasons why they dominate the world of the Internet today. © Basics Of Graphics Basie Shapes Circles ‘One of the most classic shapes is also one of the most popular in graphic design for its strong connotations. To understand the meaning of circles, you first have to understand one of the basic tenets of optics: the human eye instinctively follows lines. With that in mind, because a circle is a line that never ends, it represents both movement a In graphic design, that opens the door for a lot of uses. d completene: Line One of the most basic visual elements of design is the line and it should not be underestimated. As simple as lines are they can be quite versatile and can be crucial elements of de raight, curved, thick, hed. ed solid or Lines can be used to add structure to a composition, to frame information and to divide [Link] considerately, lines can add elegance to a composition, add hierarchy and to draw the eye to a specific point. With type, lines can be used to emphasize and put stress on a word, a phrase or paragraph.Lines can be used to decorate, illustrate and represent information in fographics. If we think about magazines visual elements is the line newspapers and maps, one of the most common it works very well to structure information, Here are some simple horizontal lines, We have some strokes in various sizes and below some alternatives. A line can be made of more than a single stroke, it can be made with many individual strokes and even dots © Uses and Importance of Multimedia Multimedia is a computer based synchronized system that includes text, audio, video, animation, graphics, interactive computing etc. It’s an amazing invention of modern communication technology. It enhances the utility of computer to the general people by enriching bu education, entertainment, medicare etc. The Uses or importance of multimedia in different fields are discussed in the following: Education: Multimedia has brought revolutionary changes in the field of education, Tt has made the system of education more attractive and effective than any other periods in the past. Now a day, multimedia presents the contents of education such as information, still and moving pictures ations of wor 5 clearly and attractively to the students, It is now possible to carn knowledge even staying at home through various multimedia softwares.Entertainment: Invention of multimedia has opened a new horizon in the field of entertainment. Now a day, the various media of entertainment such as radio, television, VCR, VCD, record player etc., can be enjoyed through multimedia prog nd drawing pictures in computer, on line chatting ete. are the contribution of multimedia Marketing: In order to incr s, large companies develop CD Rom software with different information like prices, uses, terms of sales ete of their products and services and distribute them to the probable customers. Therefore, the buyers can buy their required products by knowing the prices, terms of sale etc. from the CD even staying at home or office. These social, Communication: Today multimedia has brought audio and videoconferenc computer and electronic based communication creates dynamism in business political, economic and international activiti Medicare: Uses of multimedia are also seen in medicare services. Today advices of doctors can be received even staying at home with the help of multimedia ba electronic communication, Besides this, multimedia is also used in diagnosing the diseases and prescribing medicines. Helps in research: Researchers require different kinds of information to conduct their research and development works. Internet plays a vital role in obtaining the ion, By searching the Internet the researchers can gather their required information and make successful research, Virtual Reality: Virtual reality is a technology which allows a user to interact with computer-simulated environment. The simulated environment can be similar to the real world. For example: simulation for pilot or combat or surgery training. This simulated environment can also differ significantly from reality, as in virtual reality games. This virtual reality is actually based on multimedia bounder [Link] Jast, it can be concluded that multimedia is a wonderful invention of modern science which is widely used in education, health care, business, publication, training, communication, entertainment etc, Elements of Multimedia I. Text . It involves the use of text types,- In multimedia, text is mostly use for titles, headlines, menu, paragraph, list ete. - Ina multimedia application, other media or screen can be linked through the use of text. This is what you call Hypertext. = The most commonly used software for viewing text files are Mic Word, Notepad, Word pad ¢1 DOC, TXT ete extension. Mostly the text files are formatted with , 2. Graphics = Itisa digital representation of non-text information, such as a drawing, chart, or photograph. = Graphics make the multimedia application attractive. They help to illustrate ideas through still pictures. - There are two types of graphics used: bitmaps (paint graphics) and vectors (draw graphics). - _ Bitmaps graphics also called raster graphics. A bitmap represents the images as an array of dots called pixels. Bitmap graphics are resolution- dependent and generate large file sizes. - Vectors graphics are images drawn on the computer with software that uses geometrical formulas to represent images and only require a small amount of memory. 3. Video - Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, toring, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of s representing scenes in motion. Photographic images that are played back at speeds of 15 to 30 frames a second and the provide the appearance of full motion. The use of video: - The embedding of video in multimedia applications is a powerful way to convey information which can incorporate a personal element which other media lack.- Promoting television shows, films, or other non-computer media that traditionally have used trailers in their advertising. = Giving users an impression of a speaker’s personality = Showing things that move. For example a clip from a motion picture. Product demos of physical products are also well suited for video. Audio = In multimedia audio means related with recording, playing ete. - Audio is an important components of multimedia because this component increase the understandability and improves the clarity of the concept. - Audio includes speech, music or any other sound. The use of sound: = Music () Background | Attention grabber 1] Sound effect - Speech ) Narration 1 Instruction 5, Animation : Animation is the rapid di sequence of images of 2-D artwork or model positions in order to create an illusion of movement, - It is an optical illusion of motion due to the phenomenon of persistence of vision, and can be created and demonstrated in a number of ways. - Entertainment multimedia titles in general, and children’s titles specifically, rely heavily on animation. The use of animation: . To attract attention : To inform about the state of process - Demonstrations= Interactive simulations Characteristics of Multimedia # A multimedia systems has four basic characteris 1. Multimedia systems must be computer controlled. 2. Multimedia systems are integrated. 3. The information they handle must be represented di; 4, The interface to the final presentation of media is usu: Computer Controlled - Producing the content of the information e.g. by using the authoring tools, image editor, sound and video editor. Storing the information: providing lar multimedia information. - Transmitting the information: through the network Presenting the information to the end user: make direct use of computer peripheral such as display device (monitor) or sound generator (speaker). rge and shared capacity for Integrated - All muttimedia components (audio, video, text, graphics) us must be somehow integrated. 3 Every device such as microphone and camera is by a single computer - ” Asingle type of digital storage is used for all media type, - Video sequence are shown on computer screen instead of TV monitor. din the system connected to and controlled InteractiLevel 1: Interactivity strictly on information delivery. Users select the time at which the presentation starts, the order, the speed and the form of the presentation itself, Level 2: Users can modify or enrich the content of the information, and this modification is recorded. Level 3: Actual processing of use! based on the users input. input and the computer generate genuine result Digitally Represented Digitization: process involved in transforming an analog signal to digital signal. Advantages/Di idvantages of Multimedia # Advantages of Multimedia Iis very user-friendly. It doesn’t take much energy out of the user, in the sense that you can sit and watch the presentation, you can read the text and hear the audio. Itis multi s while making use of multimedia, for example hearing, seeing and talking. rated through ty of easy Itis integrated and interactive. All the different mediums are integi the dig Interactivity is heightened by the po feedback. Itis flexible. Being digital, this media can easily be changed to fit different situations and audience: It can be used for a wide variety of audiences, ranging from one person to a whole group. Disadvantages of Multimedia