German I Module
German I Module
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The German Alphabet is a vital part of the language, which is spoken by more than
130 million people in 38 countries of the world, Germany, Austria, Switzerland,
Liechtenstein, Belgium, and 33 other countries. The alphabet consists of the same
26 letters as English alphabet, plus some extra ones. German pronunciation of
letters is in many places the same as English, as well as how to write them, however
there are some unique letters and different ways of pronouncing some other
letters.
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Best wishes & good luck in German
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Prost! : Cheers!
Saying bye-bye
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*****Die Übung: Macht Mini - Dialoge.
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German Cardinal Numbers
German Numbers are easy to learn, cardinal numbers are a piece of cake if you
understand the logic behind them, from 0 to 12 you will find unique words, that you
just need to memorize as is. 13 to 19 are composed words meaning (3- 10) for 13
(dreizehn), (4-10) for 14 (vierzehn). (check the table below). For 16 and 17
(sechzehn instead of sechszehn) and (siebzehn instead of siebenzehen), So now you
can easily count to 20.
The logic that numbers from 21 to 99 is the opposite of English, for example in
English we say: “twenty one” for 21, in German we say “one and twenty”, note that
it’s not only read the opposite way, but also there is an extra “and” which is in
German “und”, and all numbers are connected (einundzwanzig).
It’s easy to master this your first day if you look at the table above and read the
notes following it carefully.
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8 Acht 29 neunundzwanzig 200 Zweihundert
13 Dreizehn 34 Vierunddreißig
14 Vierzehn 35 Fünfunddreißig
15 Fünfzehn 36 Sechsunddreißig
17 Siebzehn 38 Achtunddreißig
18 Achtzehn 39 Neununddreißig
19 Neunzehn 40 Vierzig
20 Zwanzig 50 Fünfzig
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Die Übung.
a) 30 ______________________________________________________
b) 35 ______________________________________________________
c) 40 ______________________________________________________
d) 47 ______________________________________________________
e) 89 ______________________________________________________
f) 100 (ein)hundert
g) 101 (ein)hunderteins
h) 316 _____________________________________________________
i) 417 _____________________________________________________
j) 521 _____________________________________________________
k) 708 _____________________________________________________
l) 853 _____________________________________________________
m) 1000 (ein)tausend
n) 1002 ____________________________________________________
o) 2030 ____________________________________________________
p) 3378 ____________________________________________________
q) 4000 ____________________________________________________
r) 5345 ____________________________________________________
s) 7899 ____________________________________________________
t) 8820 ____________________________________________________
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2. Sie hören fünf Telefonnummern. Hören Sie zweimal und schreiben Sie mit.
(o=null).
a) _____________________________
b) _____________________________
c) _____________________________
d) _____________________________
e) _____________________________
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Präsens : regelmäßige & unregelmäßige Verben
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Länder, Sprachen, Nationalitäten Bilderwörterbuch
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Ergänzen Sie bestimmte, unbestimmte Artikel oder nullartikel.
article at all)
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Bestimmter und unbestimmter Artikel und Adjektivendung
Nominative ein guter Mann eine schöne Rose ein altes Buch
Accusative einen guten Mann eine schöne Rose ein altes Buch
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* Colors ending in -a (lila, rosa) or -e (beige, orange) do not take the normal
adjective endings.
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PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND PERSONALITY TRAITS
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Adjectives Describing People
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Beschreiben Sie über Sie selbst etwa 10 (ZEHN) Sätze.
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PERSONALPRONOMEN (AKKUSATIV)
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(QUIZ)
MONDAY
(PRESENTATION)
THURSDAY
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Präsentation :
Das Thema :
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LISTENING TEST – HÖRTVERSTEHEN (Die Übung)
MONDAY
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1. Stellen Sie die Fragen.
a) Q: ______________________________________________________?
b) Q: _____________________________________________________?
c) Q: _____________________________________________________?
A: Er wohnt in Dusseldorf.
d) Q: _____________________________________________________?
e) Q: _____________________________________________________?
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2. Beantworten Sie die Fragen.
A: ________________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________
c) Q: Spielst du Füßball?
A: ________________________________________________________
d) Q: Studierst du Spanish?
A: _______________________________________________________
A: _______________________________________________________
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(LISTENING TEST - HÖRTVERSTEHEN)
MONDAY
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BERUFE
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(ORAL INTERVIEW - MÜNDLICHE PRÜFUNG)
MONDAY
THURSDAY
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1. Wie heißt du?
2. Woher kommst du?
3. Wo wohnst du?
4. Wie alt bist du?
5. Was studierst du hier?
6. Wie viele Bruder hast du?
7. Wie viele Schwester hast du?
8. Hast du Onkel/Freund/Tante/Freundin? Wie heißt
er/sie?
9. Beschreiben Sie über Ihren (Ihre) Vater/
Bruder/Onkel/Freund/Mutter/Schwester/
Tante/Freundin.
10. Was trinkst du gern?
11. Was isst du gern?
12. Welchen Tag haben wir heute?
13. Wie spät ist es?
14. Wie heißen Ihre Eltern?
15. Haben Sie Geschwister?
16. Wie alt ist Ihr (Ihre) Vater/ Bruder/
Freund/Mutter/Schwester/Freundin?
17. Wie heißt dein (deine) Bruder/Freund/
Schwester/Freundin?
18. Wer bin ich?
19. Woher komme ich?
20. Wo wohne ich?
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1. Lesen Sie die Texte und antworten Sie.
Meine Familie
Ich heiße Julie Durand. Am 25. April bin ich 15 geworden. Ich bin in Nantes
geboren, wo ich mit meiner Familie in der Rue Claude Monet, Nummer 48, wohne.
Mein Vater heißt Jacques. Er ist 41 Jahre alt und ist Klempner von Beruf.
Meine Mutter heißt Cécile. Sie unterrichtet Französisch und ist 38 Jahre alt.
Ich habe einen Bruder und eine Schwester. Sie studieren noch.
_________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
_________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
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d) Wie ist ihre Adresse ?
__________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
__________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
__________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
__________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
__________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
___________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
___________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(_______/20 marks)
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2. Lesen Sie die Texte und antworten Sie.
Mein Bruder
a) Name : ___________________________
b) Wohnort : ___________________________
c) Beruf : ___________________________
d) Familienstand : ___________________________
e) Kinder : ___________________________
(________/5 marks)
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(REVISION)
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1. Schreiben Sie einen Aufsatz über Meine Schwester etwa 30 - 40 Wörter.
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2. (A)
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B) Sind die Aussagen richtig (/) oder falsch (x)? Korrigiere die falschen Aussagen.
1. lockig__ Haare
4. neu__ Sportschuhe
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3.
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4.
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Teil 1
Was ist richtig?
Kreuzen Sie die richtige Antwort an.
Sie hören jeden Text zweimal.
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Aufgabe 3: Wie spät ist es?
(a) 15 Uhr ( )
(b) Gleich 5 Uhr ( )
(c) Halb 5 Uhr ( )
(a) Pommes ( )
(b) Fisch ( )
(c) Wurst ( )
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Aufgabe 5: In welche Klasse geht Frau Hegers Sohn?
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Aufgabe 6: Wohin fährst Herr Albers?
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2. Hören Sie und ergänzen Sie die Temperaturen.
a) Kiel 18 °C
b) Rostock ________
c) Hamburg ________
d) Hannover ________
e) Berlin ________
f) Köln ________
g) Dresden ________
h) Frankfurt a. M. ________
i) Stuttgart ________
j) München ________
k) Jena ________
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3. Im Café. Ergänzen Sie die Sätze und kontrollieren Sie mit der CD.
____________________ in Spanien?
_____________________ du?
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A pronoun in German as well as in English is like a shortcut to refer to a noun, a
word that stands for or represents a noun or noun phrase, a pronoun is identified
only in the context of the sentence in which it is used. So you must have a prior
idea about who "he or she" "er or sie" is. In English we find "I, her, what, that,
his", In German pronouns use is governed by cases (nominative, accusative, dative,
genitive), number and gender. All these three factors can affect the pronoun.
Types of pronouns include personal pronouns (refer to the persons speaking, the
persons spoken to, or the persons or things spoken about), indefinite pronouns,
relative (connect parts of sentences), reciprocal or reflexive pronouns (in which
the object of a verb is being acted on by verb's subject), demonstrative, and
interrogative pronouns.
The personal (subject) pronouns in German are (ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, Sie,
sie.), and make the equivalent of (I, you, he, she, it, we, you people, you all, they) in
English, usually they take the nominative form, since they’re the subject of the
sentence. They’re very important and therefore they must be memorized by heart.
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German Object Pronouns
Object pronouns replace the object of a sentence; direct object pronouns take
the place of the direct object nouns, let’s take this example “I see a man”, “a man”
can be replaced in English by the direct object pronoun “him” and not “he”, so it
would be “I see him”, the same thing happens in German:
Note that the direct object pronoun in German is associated with the accusative
case:
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Introduction
We can use personal pronouns to replace a previously-introduced noun, speak about
ourselves, or address other people. Personal pronouns have to be declined.
Singular Plural
st nd rd
1st
1 pers. 2 pers. 3 person 2nd pers. 3rd pers.
pers.
Usage
Personal pronouns in the 3rd person (er, sie, es) usually replace a previously-
introduced noun.
Example:
Example:
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Herr Schneider hatte einen Wellensittich. Er ist gestorben.
(Who – the budgerigar or Herr Schneider?)
Example:
The pronoun can also be a placeholder for an entire clause that comes later
in the sentence.
Example:
We use personal pronouns in the first person (ich, wir) when we’re talking
about ourselves.
Example:
Example:
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German Verbs
The infinitive form of a verb is the basic form found in dictionary entries and is
equivalent to the English form with to + the simple verb, e.g., to see, to have, to
know. Most German infinitives end in -en with the exception of two that end in -n
(sein, tun) and a handful that end in -ern (e.g. wandern, ändern) and -eln (e.g.,
handeln, sammeln).
This most basic form is also known as the present infinitive. When someone refers
to the infinitive, it is normally this present infinitive that is meant. There are,
however, four types of infinitives in the German language:
Verb Conjugations
Every German verb has an infinitive form. You need to know the stem of the verb
to be able to conjugate the verb. The stem is the part of the verb without the
infinitive ending.
For most German words this is quite easy because most of the verbs are formed in
the same way. The verbs spielen (to play), lachen (to laugh) and rennen (to run) all
end in –en, which indicates the basic infinitive form.
Example:
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To use the appropriate form of the verb in a sentence, you must conjugate it
according to the right noun phrase or subject (as in English: The boy runs).
The German language differentiates between two types of verbs: weak and strong.
Weak verbs have a dental consonant (the tongue is pressed against the upper
teeth) that is inflected and changed. Strong verbs have a vowel gradation
(examples are sing, sang and sung).
Although there are some exceptions, both of these verbs have a regular system
that can be applied to almost all the verbs. The most well-known exception is the
verb sein (to be), which is highly irregular. Sein is an essential part of German
grammar because it is used to form the past tenses.
German English
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German English
Present tense
Regular Verbs
The present tense is the easiest of all tenses because a single rule applies to all
regular verbs. The following chart shows you how to form the present tense with
different strong German verbs.
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For regular strong verbs, use the following rules:
Third-person plural is again formed by adding +en to the stem of the verb.
The present tense can be formed for all strong regular verbs by using this rule.
Irregular Verbs:
The German language also has several irregular verbs. Even the present tense is
irregular, although some of the suffixes are quite similar to the ones above. The
following three irregular verbs have a vowel change in the stem (of the second and
the third person singular).
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There is no pattern that can be followed to form the present tense for irregular
words. You must learn each word individually. Once you get a sense for the German
language and irregular verbs, however, you will find it much easier to form the
irregular forms of certain verbs.
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German Articles
Introduction
In German we generally use nouns together with their articles. The article tells us
the gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case
(nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) of the noun.
There are indefinite articles (ein, eine) and definite articles (der, die, das).
Lena ist eine Freundin von Lara und die Freundin von Franz.
Lena hat ein Eis gekauft. Das Eis schmeckt ihr sehr gut.
Indefinite Articles
The indefinite articles are ein (masculine, neuter) and eine (feminine). We use the
indefinite article:
Example:
Example:
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Lena hat ein Eis gekauft.
Definite Articles
The definite articles are der (masculine), die (feminine/plural), and das (neuter).
We use the definite article:
Example:
Lena ist die Freundin von Franz. (the only one – they are a couple)
Example:
nomi- accu-
dative genitive nominative accusative dative genitive
native sative
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Articles and Prepositions
If a preposition is placed in front of a definite article, the two often become one
word. This happens with the following prepositions and articles:
bei bei dem = beim Beim Spielen hat er die Zeit vergessen.
Proper names
Example:
the names of most countries, cities (except for e. g. die Schweiz, die Türkei,
die USA)
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Example:
Occupations
Example:
Example:
Nationalities
Example:
Materials (sometimes)
Example:
Example:
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NOUNS
Im Büro
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We use nouns for people, objects, things or ideas. Nouns are normally (not always)
preceded by an article. Nouns are always written with a capital letter in German.
In German we have three main articles:
der (masculine), die (feminine) and das (neuter).
For example:
– der Mann (the man)
– die Frau (the woman)
– das Tier (the animal)
The different forms can be: der, die, das, des, dem and den depending on gender,
number and case.
The Gender
The best method to get familiar to the articles is by listening a lot to the German
language. We don’t recommend learning words by heart but if you like to memorize
words you should never learn just the nouns! Always try to remember also the main
articles der, die and das.
The grammatical gender does not follow a logical set of rules but there are some
noun endings which give us a hint. But be careful, it does not always work!
By the way, have a look at the English endings too. A lot of English and German
words are similar.
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-ist
der Optimist (the optimist)
der Pianist (the pianist)
der Polizist (the policeman)
der Spezialist (the specialist)
-or
der Humor (the humor)
der Doktor (the doctor)
der Tresor (the safe)
der Professor (the professor)
der Motor (the motor)
-ismus
der Egoismus (the egoism)
der Tourismus (the tourism)
der Pazifismus (the pacifism)
-er
der Hörer (the receiver)
der Jäger (the hunter)
der Käfer (the bug, the beetle)
der Körper (the body)
der Tiger (the tiger)
der Bäcker (the baker)
der Donner (the thunder)
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-ion
die Portion (the portion)
die Region (the region)
die Station (the station)
die Reaktion (the reaction)
die Situation (the situation)
die Nation (the nation)
die Tradition (the tradition)
-schaft
die Erbschaft (the inheritance , the heritage)
die Landschaft (the landscape, the countryside)
die Kundschaft (the customers, the clientele)
die Wissenschaft (the science)
die Eigenschaft (the characteristic)
die Freundschaft (the friendship)
die Gesellschaft (the society)
-heit
die Feigheit (the cowardice)
die Schönheit (the beauty)
die Klugheit (the cleverness)
die Blödheit (the stupidity)
die Dummheit (the foolishness)
-enz
die Intelligenz (the intelligence)
die Konsequenz (the consequence)
die Frequenz (the frequency)
die Existenz (the existence)
die Differenz (the difference)
die Tendenz (the tendency)
-tät
die Normalität (the normality)
die Spezialität (the speciality)
die Elektrizität (the electricity)
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die Flexibilität (the flexibility)
die Kontinuität (the continuity)
die Universität (the university)
-ung
die Änderung (the change)
die Abteilung (the department)
die Einladung (the invitation)
die Anleitung (the instruction)
die Forschung (the research)
-lein / -chen
Sometimes these endings are used to „belittle“ a noun.
der Vogel (the bird) => das Vögelchen (the little bird, the birdie)
das Buch (the book) => das Büchlein (the booklet)
Compound Words
If you have a compound word, the gender of the compound word matches the
gender of the last word.
Examples:
der Wind + die Mühle = die Windmühle (the windmill)
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die Frage + das Zeichen = das Fragezeichen (the question mark)
More examples of compound words:
das Wohnzimmer + die Lampe = die Wohnzimmerlampe (the living room lamp)
die Haustür + der Schlüssel = der Haustürschlüssel (the front door key)
das Klo + die Bürste = die Klobürste (the toilet brush)
die Bank + das Konto = das Bankkonto (the bank account)
der Kredit + der Rahmen = der Kreditrahmen (credit line)
der Wein + die Flasche = die Weinflasche (the wine bottle
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PLURAL OF NOUNS
Introduction
The plural in German can take the endings n/en, e, r/er, s, or no ending at all.
die Geldscheine
die Münzen
das Geld (no plural)
Here we have made a summary of which plural endings tend to go with which word
endings. However, there are many exceptions.
Example:
die Lehrerin – die Lehrerinnen
With foreign words that end in ma, um, us, we usually replace the noun
ending in the plural with en.
Example:
das Thema – die Themen
Plural Ending e
masculine nouns with the endings eur, ich, ier, ig, ling, ör
Example:
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der Friseur – die Friseure
many single-syllable feminine nouns (plural takes an umlaut)
Example:
die Hand – die Hände
Plural Ending s
masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns with the endings a, i, o, u, y
Example:
der Opa – die Opas
das Auto – die Autos
die Mutti – die Muttis
das Hobby – die Hobbys
family names
Example:
die Lehmanns (= the Lehmann family)
No Plural Ending
masculine nouns with the endings el, en, er
Example:
der Löffel – die Löffel
neuter nouns with the endings chen, lein
Example:
das Mädchen – die Mädchen
Singular or Plural
Most nouns can be used in the singular and the plural.
Example:
der Geldschein – die Geldscheine
die Münze – die Münzen
Some nouns tend to be used only in the singular.
Example:
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das Geld, der Hunger, die Milch
There is a plural form, “die Gelder”, but this has a different meaning.
Some nouns are used only in the plural.
Example: die Eltern, die Leute, die Ferien
CASES (GENUS)
German Cases
German cases are four: the nominative case (subject of the sentence); the
accusative case (the direct object); the dative case (the indirect object), and the
genitive case (possessive). Cases are not something strange to English, pronouns
for example use a certain kind of cases, for example we say “he speaks”, and “give
him” and not “give he”, did you see how “he” became “him” in the second example,
well the same thing happens in German, the only difference is that in German it’s
much more widely used, not only in pronouns, even nouns/ adjectives/ articles … use
the same thing. The German case indicates the role of an element in a sentence.
German Nominative
The nominative is the easiest case in German and also the one dictionaries use as
the standard form of nouns, adjectives, articles…and refers to the subject of the
sentence. The teacher went to school, “The teacher” is the subject of the
sentence, and therefore “The teacher” is nominative.
So it will take the nominative form in German, which is “Der Lehrer”.
Below is a table of some forms of Nominative, you will only know the difference
when you will go through the 3 other cases (accusative, Dative, Genitive).
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These are just some examples to show the nominative form of some elements such
as articles, pronouns, adjectives. Note that the nominative case can be used in a
much wider scope such as in Nouns, interrogative pronouns…what comes next will
help you notice the difference between Nominative and what the other 3 German
cases.
German Accusative
Now we will learn the second case in German which is the accusative, the good news
is that apart from the masculine, the other 2 genders + the plural (feminine,
neuter and plural) look just like the Nominative. Now let’s learn what the accusative
really is. The accusative case is considered the direct object. I see the teacher,
“the teacher” is the direct object of the sentence, and therefore would take the
accusative form, and since “the teacher” is masculine it will become in German “den
Lehrer” and not “der Lehrer” as in the nominative case. I see the teacher = Ich
sehe den Lehrer.
Let’s get adjectives involved as well. I see the young teacher = ich sehe den jungen
Lehrer. Young in German is jung, but since we’re using the accusative case, then the
adjective should copy the article it follows, which is “den/ the” = masculine, so “den
jungen”. If you look at the table above you will understand why we added “en” after
the adjective “jung”. Now let’s get personal pronouns involved. I see him = ich sehe
ihn. Easy, isn’t it!
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ADJECTIVES (ADJEKTIVE)
German Adjectives
Masculine: (schnell/ fast): der schnelle Tiger (the
fast tiger).
Feminine: (jung/ young): die junge Dame (the young
lady).
Neuter: (klug/ smart): das kluge Kind (the smart
child).
Plural: (gut/ good): sie sind gute Bücher (they’re good
books).
For all the rest of the cases (accusative, dative and genitive) adjectives ending
take “en” in the masculine, and “e” in the feminine and neuter.
Accusative: Ich habe den schnellen Tiger gesehen (I have seen the fast tiger), Ich
habe die junge Dame gesehen. (I have seen the young lady).
The same thing happens with dative and genitive where the adjective take “en” in
the masculine, and “e” in the feminine/ neuter/plural.
Remember that this happens only when we add a definite article der, die, das (the)
or the pronouns dieser (this), jener (that), solcher (such), jeder (each), welcher
(which).
The plural ending for these weak adjectives is “en” in ALL cases (nominative,
accusative, dative, and genitive), which is good news.
Ich habe die schnellen Katzen gesehen (I have seen the fast cats).
Ich habe die jungen Damen gesehen (I have seen the young ladies).
Adjectives proceeded by the indefinite articles (ein/ eine/ ein) or the pronouns
such as mein (my, mine), sein (his)… kein (no) have an irregular declension:
Adjetives in German
Singular Masculine feminine neuter
Nominative ein guter Mann eine schöne Rose ein altes Buch
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Accusative einen guten Mann eine schöne Rose ein altes Buch
Dative einem guten Mann einer schönen einem alten Buch
Rose
Genitive eines guten einer schönen eines alten
Mannes Rose Buches
The plural endings for strong adjectives are the same for all three genders:
Plural adjectives
nominative keine guten Männer
accusative keine guten Männer
Dative keinen guten Männern
Genitive keiner guten Männer
Introduction
Learn about the word order of negative sentences in German and when to
use nicht or kein. In the exercises, you can practise what you have learnt.
Example:
Er schläft nicht.
but before the full verb in compound tenses i.e. the perfect tense
Example:
Er hat gestern Nacht nicht geschlafen.
before the definite article or possesive pronouns used with nouns
Example:
Er hat nicht das Essen bezahlt, sondern die Getränke.
Ich habe nicht seine Adresse, sondern ihre.
before names and proper nouns
Example:
Das ist nicht Udos Auto, sondern Susis.
before pronouns
Example:
Ich habe nicht dich gerufen, sondern Petra.
before adjectives
Example:
Das ist nicht fair!
before adverbs
Example:
Sie geht nicht gerne schwimmen.
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before prepositions with indicators of place, time, and manner
Example:
Wir wohnen nicht in Berlin.
Der Zug kommt nicht um 18 Uhr an.
Otto hat das Loch nicht mit dem Spaten gegraben.
To Note
Nicht almost always comes before the word it negates, unless it is negating
a verb.
Example:
Ich habe Hunger. – Ich habe keinen Hunger.
instead of an indefinite article
Example:
Das ist eine Katze. – Das ist keine Katze.
The endings for kein match the endings of the possessive articles (see table
below).
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Using kein/nicht with sondern
Example:
Ich habe nicht Kaffee, sondern Tee bestellt.
Ich habe keinen Kaffee, sondern Tee bestellt.
Sie hat sich nicht eine Jacke gekauft, sondern eine Hose.
Sie hat sich keine Jacke gekauft, sondern eine Hose.
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