) bo Para-based Questions - Part VIII Complete Course on Para-Based Questions - CAT & Other MBA Entrance cae) Karishma Vanvani + Lesson 10 + May 19, 2023Must-solve Previous Years’ Questions Karishma Vanvani Coach for Verbal AbilityDirection for Question 1-4: The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) given below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequence of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer. (CAT 2017) Qt: 1. Before plants can take life from atmosphere, nitrogen must undergo transformations similar to ones that food undergoes in our digestive machinery. 2. In its aerial form nitrogen is insoluble, unusable and is in need of transformation. 3. Lightning starts the series of chemical reactions that need to happen to nitrogen, ultimately helping it nourish our earth. 4. Nitrogen — an essential food for plants — is an abundant resource, with about 22 million tons of floating over each square mile of earth. 5. One of the most dramatic examples in nature of ill wind that blows goodness is lightning. etm res. 2: CAT 2017 1. This has huge implications for the health care system as it operates today, where depleted resources and time lead to patients rotating in and out of doctor's offices, oftentimes receiving minimal care or concern (what is commonly referred to as "bed side manner’) from doctors. 2. The placebo effect is when an individual's medical condition or pain shows signs of improvement based on a fake intervention that has been presented to them as a real one and used to be regularly dismissed by researchers as a psychological effect. 3. The placebo effect is not solely based on believing in treatment, however, as the clinical setting in which treatments are administered is also paramount. 4, That the mind has the power to trigger biochemical changes because the individual believes that a given drug or intervention will be effective could empower chronic patients through the notion of our bodies’ capacity for self-healing. 5. Placebo effects are now studied not just as foils for “real” interventions but as a potential portal into the self-healing powers of the body. etmeQ. 3: CAT 2017 1. Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning and adopted his definitions on the principle of English common law — according to precedent. 2. Masking a profound inner torment, Johnson found solace in compiling the words of a language that was, in its coarse complexity and comprehensive genius, the precise analogue of his character. 3. Samuel Johnson was a pioneer who raised common sense to heights of genius, and a man of robust popular instincts whose watchwords were clarity, precision and simplicity. 4, The 18th century English reader, in the new world of global trade and global warfare, needed a dictionary with authoritative acts of definition of words of a language that was becoming seeded throughout the first British empire by a vigorous and practical champion. 5. The Johnson who challenged Bishop Berkeley's solipsist theory of the nonexistence of matter by kicking a large stone ("I refute it thus") is the same Johnson for whom language must have a daily practical use. tareQ. 4: CAT 2017 1. The implications of retelling of Indian stories, hence, takes on new meaning in a modern India. 2. The stories we tell reflect the world around us. 3. We cannot help but retell the stories that we value — after all, they are never quite right for us — in our time. 4. And even if we manage to get them quite right, they are only right for us — other people living around us will have different reasons for telling similar stories. 5. As soon as we capture a story, the world we were trying to capture has changed. ttm teesDirection for Question 5-7: The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. (CAT 2018) Production and legitimation of scientific knowledge can be approached from a number of perspectives. To study knowledge production from the sociology of professions perspective would mean a focus on the institutionalization of a body of knowledge. The professions-approach informed earlier research on managerial occupation, business schools and management knowledge. It however tends to reify institutional power structures in its understanding of the links between knowledge and authority. Knowledge production is restricted in the perspective to the selected members of the professional community, most notably to the university faculties and professional colleges. Power is understood as a negative mechanism, which prevents the non- professional actors from offering their ideas and information as legitimate knowledge. 1. Professions-approach aims at the institutionalization of knowledge but restricts knowledge production as a function of a select few. 2. The study of knowledge production can be done through many perspectives. 3. Professions-approach focuses on the creation of institutions of higher education and disciplines to promote knowledge production 4, The professions-approach has been one of the most relied upon perspective in the study of management knowledge production. eeeQ. 6: CAT 2018 Artificial embryo twinning is a relatively low-tech way to make clones. As the name suggests, this technique mimics the natural process that creates identical twins. In nature, twins form very early in development when the embryo splits in two. Twinning happens in the first days after egg and sperm join, while the embryo is made of just a small number of unspecialized cells. Each half of the embryo continues dividing on its own, ultimately developing into separate, complete individuals. Since they developed from the same fertilized egg, the resulting individuals are genetically identical. 1. Artificial embryo twinning is low-tech and mimetic of the natural development of genetically identical twins from the embryo after fertilization. 2. Artificial embryo twinning is low-tech unlike the natural development of identical twins from the embryo after fertilization. 3. Artificial embryo twinning is just like the natural development of twins, where during fertilization twins are formed. 4. Artificial embryo twinning is low-tech and is close to the natural development of twins where the embryo splits into two identical twins. etaitQ. 7: CAT 2017 ‘A fundamental property of language is that it is slippery and messy and more liquid than solid, a gelatinous mass that changes shape to fit. As Wittgenstein would remind us, "usage has no sharp boundary.” Oftentimes, the only way to determine the meaning of a word is to examine how it is used. This insight is often described as the “meaning is use" doctrine. There are differences between the "meaning is use" doctrine and a dictionary-first theory of meaning. "The dictionary's careful fixing of words to definitions, like butterflies pinned under glass, can suggest that this is how language works. The definitions can seem to ensure and fix the meaning of words, just as the gold standard can back a country’s currency.” What Wittgenstein found in the circulation of ordinary language, however, was a free-floating currency of meaning. The value of each word arises out of the exchange. The lexicographer abstracts a meaning from that exchange, which is then set within the conventions of the dictionary definition. Dictionary definitions are like ‘gold standards’ — artificial, theoretical and dogmatic. Actual meaning of words is their free-exchange value. Language is already slippery; given this, accounting for ‘meaning in use’ will only exasperate the problem. That is why lexicographers ‘fix’ meanings. Meaning is dynamic; definitions are static. The ‘meaning in use’ theory helps us understand that definitions of words are culled from their meaning in exchange and use and not vice versa. ). The meaning of words in dictionaries is clear, fixed and less dangerous and ambiguous than the meaning that arises when words are exchanged between people. ttm reasDirection for Question 8-10: Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in. . 8: CAT 2017 . Although we are born with the gift of language, research shows that we are surprisingly unskilled when it comes to communicating with others. We must carefully orchestrate our speech if we want to achieve our goals and bring our dreams to fruition. . We often choose our words without thought, oblivious of the emotional effects they can have on others. . We talk more than we need to, ignoring the effect we are having on those listening to us. We listen poorly, without realizing it, and we often fail to pay attention to the subtle meanings conveyed by facial expressions, body gestures, and the tone and cadence of our voice. mre. 9: CAT 2017 Over the past fortnight, one of its finest champions managed to pull off a similar impression. Wimbledon's greatest illusion is the sense of timelessness it evokes. . At 35 years and 342 days, Roger Federer became the oldest man to win the singles title in the Open Era — a full 14 years after he first claimed the title as a scruffy, pony-tailed upstart. ). Once he had survived the opening week, the second week witnessed the range of a rested Federer's genius. Given that his method isn't reliant on explosive athleticism or muscular ball-striking, both vulnerable to decay, there is cause to believe that Federer will continue to enchant for a while longer. Seen taba}. 10: CAT 2017 . Those geometric symbols and aerodynamic swooshes are more than just skin deep. The Commonwealth Bank logo — a yellow diamond, with a black chunk sliced out in one corner — is so recognisable that the bank doesn't even use its full name in its advertising. It's not just logos with hidden shapes; sometimes brands will have meanings or stories within them that are deliberately vague or lost in time, urging you to delve deeper to solve the riddle. . Graphic designers embed cryptic references because it adds a story to the brand; they want people to spend more time with a brand and have that idea that they are an insider if they can understand the hidden message. But the CommBank logo has more to it than meets the eye, as squirrelled away in that diamond is the Southern Cross constellation. etme11. Enforcement of local speed limits through police monitoring has proven unsuccessful in the town of Ardane. In many nearby towns, speed humps (raised areas of pavement placed across residential streets, about 300 feet apart) have reduced traffic speeds on residential streets by 20 to 25 percent. In order to reduce traffic speed and thereby enhance safety in residential neighborhoods, Ardane's transportation commission plans to install multiple speed humps in those neighborhoods. Which of the following. if true, identifies a potentially serious drawback to the plan for installing speed humps in Ardane? A. On residential streets without speed humps, many vehicles travel at speeds more than 25 percent above the posted speed limit. Because of their high weight, emergency vehicles such as fire trucks and ambulances must slow almost to a stop at speed humps. . The residential speed limit in Ardane is higher than that of the nearby towns where speed humps were installed. ). Motorists who are not familiar with the streets in Ardane’s residential districts would be likely to encounter the speed humps unaware unless warned by signs and pants ‘indicators. Bicyclists generally prefer that speed humps be constructed so as to leave a space on the side of the road where bicycles can travel without going over the humps. tate42. The heavy traffic in Masana is a growing drain on the city’s economy--the clogging of the streets of the central business district alone cost the economy more than $1.2 billion over the past year. In order to address this problem, officials plan to introduce congestion pricing, by which drivers would pay to enter the city’s most heavily trafficked areas during the busiest times of the day. Which of the following, if true, would most strongly indicate that the plan will be a success? A. Approximately one-fifth of the vehicles in the central business district are in transit from one side of the city to the other. B. Planners expect that, without congestion pricing, traffic in Masana is likely to grow by 6 percent in the next five years. C. In other urban areas, congestion pricing has strongly encouraged carpooling. D. Several studies have shown that a reduction in traffic of 15 percent in Masana could result in 5,500 or more new jobs. Over 30 percent of the vehicles of the city’s centre are on and by more than one person. eter13. Humans get Lyme disease from infected ticks. Ticks get infected by feeding on animals with’ Lyme disease, but the ease of transmission from host animal to tick varies. With most species of host animal, transmission of Lyme disease to ticks is extremely rare, but white footed mice are an exception, readily passing Lyme disease to ticks. And white footed mouse populations greatly expand, becoming the main food source for ticks, in areas where biodiversity is in decline. The information in the passage most strongly supports which of the following? A. B. c D. E In areas where many humans are infected with Lyme disease, the proportion of ticks infected with Lyme disease is especially high. Very few animals that live in areas where there are no white footed mice are infected with Lyme disease. Humans are less at risk of contracting Lyme disease in areas where biodiversity is high. Ticks feed on white footed mice only when other host species are not available lu them. The greater the biodiversity of an area, the more likely any given host animal in that area is lo pass Lyme disease to licks. eta reAnswer Key 1 | 53421] 8 B 2 | 25431) 9 D 3 /43512| 10) A 4 [25341] 11 |B 5 1 w| ic 6 1 a3 | c |G