FORMA TRIGONOMÉTRICA ALTERNATIVA PARA LAS SERIES DE

FOURIER
∞
𝑎0
𝑥 (𝑡 ) = + ∑ 𝑎𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 ) + 𝑏𝑛 sen(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 )
2
𝑛=1

𝑎𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 ) 𝑏𝑛 sen(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 )
𝑎𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 ) + 𝑏𝑛 sen(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 ) = √𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛2 ( + )
√𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛2 √𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛2
= 𝑐𝑛 (cos 𝜃𝑛 cos(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 ) + sen 𝜃𝑛 sen(𝑛𝜔0 𝑥 )) = 𝑐𝑛 cos( 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝜃𝑛 )
Definimos 𝜃𝑛 y 𝑐𝑛 mediante el valor complejo 𝑐𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑗𝑏𝑛 = 𝑐𝑛 ‫𝑛𝜃ﮮ‬
tal que

|𝑐𝑛 | = √𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑏𝑛2

Reemplazando
∞

𝑥 (𝑡) = 𝑐0 + ∑|𝑐𝑛 | cos( 𝑛𝜔0 𝑡 − 𝜃𝑛 )

𝑛=1

TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER
La transformada de Fourier de la función 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑡) es definida por:
∞
ℱ {𝑥(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥 (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑋(𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 )
−∞

Notación 𝑋(𝜔) en lugar de 𝑋(𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 )

Su inversa cuando 𝑋(𝜔) esta dado es:
1 ∞
𝑥 (𝑡) = ℱ −1 {𝑋(𝜔)} = 2𝜋 ∫−∞ 𝑋(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔.

Ejemplo 1.- Determine la transformada de Fourier de la función 𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑡) es definida

por:

2𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0 0 , 𝑡>0
a).- 𝑥 (𝑡) = { b).- 𝑥 (𝑡) = {
0, 𝑡<0 2𝑡 𝑒 3𝑡 , 𝑡 ≤ 0

SOLUCIÓN:
2𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0
𝑥 (𝑡 ) = { = 2𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
0, 𝑡<0
∞ ∞ 𝑏
a) 𝑋(𝜔) = ∫−∞ 𝑥 (𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 0 + ∫0 2𝑡 𝑒 −3𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 lim ∫0 𝑡 𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑏→∞

𝑢=𝑡 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑡 𝑑𝑡
 1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑣=− 𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑡
3 + 𝑗𝜔

𝑏
𝑡 1
𝑋(𝜔) = 2 lim [− 𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑡 − 𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑡 ]
𝑏→∞ 3 + 𝑗𝜔 (3 + 𝑗𝜔)2 0

𝑏 1 1
𝑋(𝜔) = 2 lim [− 𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑏 − 2
𝑒 −(3+𝑗𝜔)𝑏 + 0 + ]
𝑏→∞ 3 + 𝑗𝜔 (3 + 𝑗𝑤) (3 + 𝑗𝜔)2
1 2
𝑋(𝜔) = 2 [−0 − 0 + 2
]=
(3 + 𝑗𝑤) (3 + 𝑗𝑤)2

𝑒 𝑗𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑗𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃

0 , 𝑡>0
b).- 𝑥 (𝑡) = { = 2𝑡 𝑒 3𝑡 𝑢(−𝑡)
2𝑡 𝑒 3𝑡 , 𝑡 ≤ 0
∞ 0 ∞
𝑋(𝑤) = ∫ 𝑥 (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫ 2𝑡 𝑒 3𝑡 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 0 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞ −∞ 0
0
= 2 lim ∫ 𝑡 𝑒 (3−𝑗𝑤)𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑏→−∞ 𝑏
(3−𝑗𝑤)𝑡
𝑢=𝑡 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑣= 𝑒 (3−𝑗𝑤)𝑡
3 − 𝑗𝑤

0
𝑡 1
𝑋(𝑤) = 2 lim [ 𝑒 (3−𝑗𝑤)𝑡 − 𝑒 (3−𝑗𝑤)𝑡
]
𝑏→−∞ 3 − 𝑗𝑤 (3 − 𝑗𝑤)2 𝑏

1 𝑏 (3−𝑗𝑤)𝑏
1
= 2 lim [0 − − 𝑒 + 𝑒 (3−𝑗𝑤)𝑏 ]
𝑏→−∞ (3 − 𝑗𝑤)2 3 − 𝑗𝑤 (3 − 𝑗𝑤)2

1
= 2(0 − − 0 + 0)
(3 − 𝑗𝑤)2

2
𝑋 (𝑤 ) = −
(3 − 𝑗𝑤)2

Ejemplo 2.- Hallar la transformada de Fourier del pulso que se muestra en la figura.

SOLUCIÓN
 ∞
ℱ {𝑥(𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑥 (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝑡
−∞

0 1
𝑋(𝑤) = 0 + ∫ (2𝑡 + 2) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ (2 − 2𝑡) 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 0
−1 0

0 1
= 2 [∫ (𝑡 + 1)𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ (1 − 𝑡)𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡]
−1 0

𝑢 = 𝑡+1 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑢 = 1−𝑡

1 −𝑗𝑤𝑡
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡 , 𝑣=− 𝑒 , 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑑𝑡
𝑗𝑤

𝑗 = √−1

𝑡 + 1 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 0 1 0 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 1 − 𝑡 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 1 1 1 −𝑗𝑤𝑡

𝑋(𝑤 ) = 2 [− 𝑒 | + ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑒 | − ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡]
𝑗𝑤 −1
𝑗𝑤 −1 𝑗𝑤 0
𝑗𝑤 0

𝑡 + 1 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 1 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 0 1 − 𝑡 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 1 −𝑗𝑤𝑡 1

= 2 ([− 𝑒 + 2 𝑒 ] + [− 𝑒 − 2 𝑒 ] )
𝑗𝑤 𝑤 −1
𝑗𝑤 𝑤 0

1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2 (− + 2 + 0 − 2 𝑒 𝑗𝑤 + 0 − 2 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤 + + 2)
𝑗𝑤 𝑤 𝑤 𝑤 𝑗𝑤 𝑤

2 1 𝑗𝑤 −𝑗𝑤
2 2 𝑒 𝑗𝑤 + 𝑒 −𝑗𝑤
= 2[ − (𝑒 + 𝑒 )] = 2 [ − ( )]
𝑤2 𝑤2 𝑤2 𝑤2 2
 𝑤 2
4 4 𝑤 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 2 )
𝑋(𝑤) = 2 (1 − cos 𝑤) = 2 2 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 ( ) = 2 [ 𝑤 ]
𝑤 𝑤 2
2

𝑤 2
𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 2 ) 𝑤
𝑋(𝑤) = 2 [ 𝑤 ] = 2 𝑠𝑎2 ( )
2
2