Department of Fine Arts

Starting from the notion of the Ideal Feminine, this paper discusses the representation of trauma and the portrayal of women as open wounds in the designs of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano. Particularly, I explore how the McQueen's Deadly Woman and Galliano's Doll question the boundaries between mortality, sexuality and decay. By examining the relationship between fear, desire and disgust in the aesthetic representation of the wounded fashioned body, I argue that in their works disgust functions as an empowering emotion, contributing to the perception of the aversive fashioned body as a feministic act.

Μέσα στην πρώτη παγκόσμια πολεμική σύρραξη, η οποία πραγματοποιείται λιγότερο από ενάμιση  αιώνα μετά τον Γαλλικό Διαφωτισμό, πολλοί Ευρωπαίοι βιώνουν ένα σοκ. Κάποιοι από αυτούς, αρνούμενοι το παράλογο του πολέμου συρρέουν στην ουδέτερη Ελβετία, συγκλονισμένοι ακόμα από τις πρώτες περιγραφές από το πεδίο της μάχης.
Ανάμεσα τους, είναι και οι καλλιτέχνες που θα ''ιδρύσουν'' το Cabaret Voltaire, κοιτίδα του κινήματος της πρωτοπορίας Dada, το οποίο στη συνέχεια θα εξαπλωθεί και σε άλλες πόλεις της Ευρώπης. Ο διεθνής θίασος αποτελούταν από τους Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Richard Huelsenbeck, Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco, Hans Richter, Jean Arp, Sophie Tauber.
Πριν από τον μεταμοντερνισμό, θα εκδηλωθεί από τους ντανταϊστές μια αμφισβήτηση: της τέχνης και του πολιτισμού της εποχής τους, των θεσμών και αξιών των δυτικών κοινωνιών, της πολιτικής κατάστασης και του πολέμου.
Παρακάτω θα γίνει αναφορά στους τρόπους που ασκήθηκε αυτή η κριτική. Θα σημειωθεί το πέρασμα από το κείμενο, στην παράσταση, στη σχέση με το κοινό στα όρια του καμπαρέ, καθώς και η σημασία της δράσης του Dada για κοινωνικά και πολιτικά θέματα. Τέλος, θα γίνουν δύο σχόλια σε σχέση με τον ρόλο που αναλαμβάνουν οι καλλιτέχνες, καθώς και την κίνησή τους ανάμεσα σε (και πέρα από) δίπολα σκέψης και πρακτικής.

Θέματα σχετικά με τον ξένο, την περιπλάνηση- ενσωμάτωση του και τη σχέση του με τις υπάρχουσες δομές μιας κοινωνίας, έχουν απασχολήσει την Κοινωνιολογία για περισσότερο από έναν αιώνα. Η συζήτηση ξεκινά από μία ''παρέκβαση'' (excursus, exkurs). Ο Georg Simmel (1971 [1908]) αναφέρεται σε ένα σύντομο κείμενό του στον ξένο, που είναι στο μεταίχμιο περιπλάνησης- ενσωμάτωσης.

Αυτό το κείμενο ασκεί επιρροή στην κοινωνιολογική σκέψη στις Η.Π.Α., από τη δεκαετία του 1920 μέχρι και τη δεκαετία του 1970 (Park, 1928; Wood, 1934; Schuetz, 1944; Mc Lemore, 1970). Μορφοποιείται μία γνωστική περιοχή με αντικείμενο την ''Κοινωνιολογία του ξένου'' και παράλληλα η συζήτηση συνεχίζεται μέχρι και σήμερα (Bauman, 1998; Skoric, 2013).

Στην παρούσα εργασία θα γίνει αναφορά στο κείμενο του Simmel, στην επιστημονική συζήτηση που τροφοδότησε, στη σχέση των θεωρητικών δεδομένων με το προσφυγικό και τέλος, στην κατάσταση του πρόσφυγα που χαρακτηρίζεται από τους όρους της ρευστότητας, της αποξένωσης και του τραύματος.

Topics concerning the stranger, his wandering - integration and also his relationship with the current social structures, have been discussed in sociological terms for more than a century. The beginning was made with a ''digression'' (excursus, exkurs). Georg Simmel (1971 [1908]) devoted a short text to the subject. He defined stranger, as someone who is in-between  integration / wandering.

Simmel's text influenced the sociological thought in the U.S.A., from the early 1920s until the late 1970s (Park, 1928; Wood, 1934; Schuetz, 1944; Mc Lemore, 1970). A new academic discipline has been shaped for the study of 'Sociology of the Stranger''. The academic discussion is currently fresh and fruitful (Bauman, 1998; Skoric, 2013).

The present paper intends to examine: 1) Simmel's text on the stranger, 2) its influence in Sociology, 3) the relationship between Sociology of the stranger and refugees matter, 4) the situation that a refugee faces, which is discribed in terms of liquidity, enstrangement and trauma.

If we decide to move from alien to stranger, there is a possibility to meet Georg Simmel. “The Stranger” is a famous excurse of the German
sociologist. The stranger is a social type that has many interesting and positive characteristics.
Simmel’s stranger in not a wanderer anymore but (s)he comes today and stays tomorrow in a community. The stranger is still attracted by
the wandering but (s)he stays and interacts with a group. (S)he shapes a character of mobility in which remoteness and nearness are synthesized
(Simmel 1971, 143, 144 ). There are at least two interesting aspects of her/him.
The first is about correlation. One can only correlate with her/him in an abstract way, share more general qualities and can’t communicate on the basis of common characteristics (Simmel 1971,146).
A second interesting aspect of Simmel’s social type is “objectivity ” . The stranger has no roots that bound her/him up with the group. He
expresses her/himself with an objective attitude (Simmel 1971,145).

Στο παρόν άρθρο γίνεται ένα πέρασμα από τα τελετουργικά που μελετούνται στην Κοινωνική Ανθρωπολογία στη δραστηριότητα που επιτελείται από τον Ιταλικό Φουτουρισμό. Αρχικά προσεγγίζονται οι διαβατήριες τελετουργίες όπως αναλύονται από τον ανθρωπολόγο Arnold van Gennep. Στη συνέχεια εξετάζεται το κοινωνικό δράμα όπως αναπτύσσεται από τον Victor Turner και επηρέασε το πεδίο της Θεωρίας της Επιτέλεσης. Επίσης, προσεγγίζεται η δραστηριότητα που επιτελείται από τον Ιταλικό Φουτουρισμό, βάσει των παραπάνω σχημάτων. Στόχος είναι να συζητηθεί σε ποιο βαθμό σχήματα με στάδια (διαβατήριες τελετουργίες, κοινωνικό δράμα), μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν στη διερεύνηση του κινήματος της ιστορικής Πρωτοπορίας. Ο Φουτουρισμός είναι ένα πρωτοπόρο κίνημα με ποικίλες παραστάσεις, καλλιτεχνικές δράσεις και πολιτικές παρεμβάσεις, που μπορούν να ιδωθούν σε διαφορετικές φάσεις.

The public is often referred to as if it were a uniform entity. The current research approaches the reception of culture and arts. The focus of the analysis is the audience: its morphology and its behaviors. Important research direction around this issue is the statistical analysis of cultural phenomena and practices (Heinich, 2014). Spectators will be considered in the context of diversity and not as a single and uniform receiver. Moreover, taste will be approached sociologically (Bourdieu, 2002; Panayotopoulos & Vidali, 2019) and issues of democratization of audience will be examined.
The purpose of the workshop is to contribute to a better understanding of the social dimensions of the reception of art related to education, social stratification, democracy. An additional goal is to connect the above factors with the democratization of the spectators and to approach other perspectives on cultural practices.
The laboratory method combines presentation, dialogue and experiential exercises. The process of research and teaching should be value neutral, because when personal value judgments are involved, understanding of facts ceases (Weber, 2005). Practicing the scientific role must lie beyond the moral and political desires (Antonopoulou, 1992).
Expected results are the corporeal participation, the deeper understanding of the issues of the audience, the democratization and the cultural capital, as well as the feedback of the participants.  It is a participatory process where everyone grows (Freire, 1977). A participation that follows a pace: I learn, I repeat, I translate, I decompose, I recombine (Rancière, 2008).

Discrimination taking place against disabled persons, either in the form of positive acts or in the form of omission of acts that would equate them with the rest of the population, constitutes an insurmountable (due to its nature and extent) barrier that leads to social exclusion. If we wanted to give a definition of the multifaceted concept of social exclusion, we would say that it is the phenomenon which arises from limited access to social and public goods, the lack of which causes mainly economic deprivation and marginalization. The truth is that there is currently no universally accepted definition, on the contrary the term acquires different content depending on the theoretical frame within which it is used. In discussions around social exclusion, however, work is seen as the main factor of social integration.
The problem of social exclusion is primarily a matter of justice, not
numbers. It touches upon the question what kind of democracy we want
for Europe; democracy of the popular strata or of the favoured social
groups? The answer can only be affirmative to the first part and in this
direction is also rotated the contemporary-social concept of disability.
According to this view, disability is a phenomenon caused by the interplay
of personal characteristics and characteristics of the environment in which
the person lives. This means that a person with a physical handicap may
be experiencing disability in an environment and not in another,
depending on the obstacles and facilities which characterize this
environment. This approach rejects the medical model of disability and
turns disabled people into bearers of rights and not problems. It establishes the social right of the excluded to equal treatment and puts an end to their treatment as charity recipients. They are now entitled to their own right against inequality and can legally claim it.
The context examined includes the consideration of state and non-state
expenditure in favour of disabled people as productive and not consuming (investment in human resources), because people with disability can, with the appropriate adjustments, participate in social, political, working, etc. life as equal citizens, workers, producers and consumers. The involvement of disabled people at work plays of course a key role throughout this process, since it is thanks to it that they assist in strengthening the economy.
That is why member-states have attached particularly high importance in
employability and have taken various measures to ensure and enhance
the access of disabled people at work. Indicatively: financial incentives are provided to the private sector for the recruitment of specific groups of the population, financial incentives are also provided to people with disabilities to promote their own business activity, technologies that limit or eliminate obstacles faced by the disabled are promoted, etc. All this serve the notion of "accessibility", which offers a wealth of benefits not only to the disabled but also to their employers: the latter attract new employees, are able to retain their former workforce should it acquire a disability, are opening their businesses to society, etc. The state benefits as well, as the
workforce is increased, spending on social protection is reduced, etc.
However, since there is still a long way in order for declarations and
wishful thinking to become a reality, it is useful for those concerned to
acquaint themselves with their rights and capabilities, so as to contribute
in the amelioration of the current situation and achieve an even higher
level of protection. The aim of this deliverable is to contribute to the
possibility of effective assertion of the right to work and improved working
conditions, thanks to the knowledge of the European and national
legislative framework regulating, inter alia, the employment options, the
potential of assistive technologies, reasonable adjustments and the
framework of financial incentives to businesses. As far as legislation is
concerned, the «Americans with Disabilities Act» is, among others, an
important tool in this survey, because it is the first law introducing the
rights of disabled persons in the World Charter and in connection to it
there is a wide range of case-law.
For all the above mentioned reasons, in the first part of the present
deliverable basic definitions and terms related to disability and
employment, statistic data from Greece and the European Union as well
as policies and programs related to access of disabled persons to
employment are presented. In the second part, the international,
European and national legislation and institutional framework are
examined.

In the article 27 of the Convection of the Rights of Disabled People there is a particular reference to issues regarding work and employment. In this, States Parties recognize the right of persons with disabilities to work on an equal basis with others. This includes the right to the opportunity to gain a living by work freely chosen or accepted in a labour market and work environment that is open, inclusive and accessible to persons with disabilities. Furthermore, States Parties commit themselves to safeguard and promote the realization of the right to work, including for those who acquire a disability during the course of employment, by taking appropriate steps, including through legislation, to:
1. The prohibition of discrimination in relation to disability will be
recognized in all forms of employment and job search.
2. The protection of the rights of people with disabilities in relation to
equal opportunities and working conditions, such as protection
against disturbance.
3. Ensuring a common base of exercise labour and trade union rights
for people with disabilities.
4. Enabling people with disabilities in their access to and
participation in education training and vocational education.
5. The promotion of employment opportunities and job prospects for
people with disabilities and their support in finding and keeping a
job.
6. Promoting partnerships for entrepreneurship, as well as self-
employment and entrepreneurship more widely.
7. Creating jobs in the public sector.
8. Support the employment of people with disabilities in the private
sector and the provision of appropriate adjustments.
9. Obtaining work experience of persons with disabilities.
10. Securing and maintaining employment, as well as the return to
work for people with disabilities.
It is also stated that the States Parties should protect people with
disability from poor working conditions, forced work, slavery and
servitude.
However, the reality disabled persons face leaves a lot to be desired. In
disability theory, and specifically in Barnes C. (2003), it is supported that
industrialization, urbanisation, and ideologies such as liberal utilitarianism,
Identification of obstacles in persons’ with disability employment Page 6
Social Darwinism, and Eugenics, provided a ‘scientific’ proof to myths and prejudices for disabled people.
Work is associated with wage labour and paid employment and it becomes tailored to the needs of those who are considered to be 'capable' of this type of activity. Consequently, people who did not fit in those standards were thought to be incapable to work, excluded from the workplace and labelled as “disabled”. This misconception remains up to date, leading to reduced employment opportunities for disabled people.
The Employment Analysis and Policy Division and the Social Policy Division of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) launched a report on 2010 called “Sickness, Disability and Work”, following the one of 2003 “Transforming Disability into Ability”.
In this report it is clearly stated that people with disability face more
disadvantages in labour market than people without disabilities. The
employment rate at 44%, was over half that for persons without disability
(75%). The inactivity rate of persons with disability was about 2.5 times
higher than the rate among persons without disability (49% and 20%,
respectively).
Furthermore, it is mentioned that many changes have been done
regarding disability policies in many countries during the last decade,
however those have not kept pace with changes in policy development
and further actions should be made.
It is also acknowledged that the inclusion of disabled people in the OECD
countries was difficult even before the onset of the global economic crisis, when economic growth was rather strong in many OECD countries and employment rose quite significantly.
All the above lead to the conclusion that discrimination against disabled
people has very strong roots in western society and disabled people face
barriers in various aspects of everyday living and social participation.
Disability studies and social model of disability theorists support that the
exclusion disabled people face should be addressed in a broader context
of barriers.
Barriers to employment are closely related to barriers to transportation,
built environment, citizenship, education and culture, and not only to the
way the labour market is organized.
According to the World Health Organization report on Disability
(WHO,2011) people with disabilities face various barriers to their
participation in all aspects of life, which include:
- Inadequate policies and standards. Existing policies, standards and
policy design do not always take into account the needs of people with
disabilities.
- Negative attitudes. Beliefs, prejudices, misconceptions create barriers to participation in education, employment, health care etc. For example,
there are misconceptions that people with disabilities are less productive
than their non-disabled counterparts.
- Lack of provision of services.
- Problems with service delivery. World Health Survey data from 51
countries showed that people with disabilities were more than twice as
likely to report inadequate skills of health care provider skills, four times
more likely to be treated badly and nearly three times more likely to be
denied needed health care.
- Inadequate funding of disability policies and plans.
- Lack of accessibility in built environments, in transport systems and
information communication technology.
- Lack of consultation and involvement of people with disabilities in
decision-making matters that affect their lives.
- Lack of data and evidence, which prevent the understanding of the
number of people with disabilities and their circumstances that can help in removing disabling barriers.
There are also barriers imposed by the potential employers themselves. In a study conducted by Kaye, Jans and Jones (Kaye, Jans and Jones, 2011),
432 potential employers took place, listing potential reasons as to why
employers may not hire persons with disability, and potential reasons as
to why employers may not retain employees with disability.
For the first question, the top three reasons refer to the cost of
accommodations, lack of awareness as to how to deal with workers with
disabilities, and fear of being stuck with a worker who cannot be
disciplined or fired due to legislation obligations.
The next tier of reasons are difficulty assessing an applicant’s ability to
perform job tasks, concerns over extra supervisory time, other cost
worries, concern that the person with the disability won’t perform as well
as non-disabled workers, and lack of job applicants with disabilities.
More than half of respondents agreed that employers didn’t hire workers
with disabilities because they feel that workers with disabilities cannot
perform essential job functions, and that employers discriminate against
applicants with disabilities.
Proposed reasons for not retaining workers with disabilities include lack of awareness as to how to handle the worker’s needs; concern that workers acquiring disabilities will become liabilities, whether legal or financial; and concern over the cost of accommodations. Next follow concerns over job performance, other costs, difficulty assessing whether the worker can do the job, and belief that the person cannot do the job. Only one additional reason, a belief that workers developing disabilities become less dependable (as opposed to less dedicated), was endorsed by more than half of the respondents.
Contradicting with the above, in the WHO report on Disability there is also a reference to the advantages of the employment of people with
disabilities in regard to labour market.
These are documented as:
1. Maximizing human resources.
2. Promoting human dignity and social cohesion.
3. Accommodating the increasing numbers of people with
disabilities in the working age population.
So, employment of disabled persons increases individual well-being and
has personal and social advantages. Adding to the above, it should also
be mentioned that life expectancy has increased over the years, leading to an increase in the prevalence of disability and the rise of chronic
conditions. This shows that there are much better health conditions and
medical rehabilitation over the years and it is estimated that the number
of people over the age of 60 is predicted to rise over the next few
decades.
Following to this, there is an increased need for working population, as the social security systems will continue to need extra funding. People with disabilities are a large part of work population which is unexploited.
So the engagement of this population can contribute to the national
output.
Identification of obstacles in persons’ with disability employment Page 9
In this deliverable the barriers that disabled persons face in employment
are recognised, including prejudices and stereotypes, barriers to
education, accessibility barriers as well as inadequate policies and
practices.

The principal aim of the WorkAbility project was to apply a holistic approach concerning underemployment and unemployment in the case of people with disabilities in Greece. A questionnaire survey was undertaken in the framework of WorkAbility to investigate the employment status of people with disabilities in the Region of Central Macedonia. A total of 306 persons with disabilities participated in the survey, of which 101 persons were deaf or hard-of-hearing, 100 persons vision-impaired and 105 persons were hemiplegics, paraplegics or tetraplegics. A statistical analysis of data collected was performed and interesting results have been drawn for the total sample as a whole and for each disability group separately. A set of different variables has been examined and the statistical significance between them has been also determined. Survey results are available online and can be exploited towards the establishment of accessible employment and entrepreneurship in Greece. JEL Classifica...

Συχνά γίνεται λόγος για το κοινό, σαν να πρόκειται για ομοιόμορφη οντότητα. Στην παρούσα εργασία προσεγγίζεται η πρόσληψη του πολιτισμού και της τέχνης. Επίκεντρο ανάλυσης γίνεται το κοινό: η μορφολογία και οι συμπεριφορές του. Σημαντική κατεύθυνση έρευνας γύρω από αυτό το θέμα είναι η στατιστική ανάλυση των πολιτιστικών φαινομένων και πρακτικών (Heinich, 2014). Οι θεατές θα ιδωθούν υπό το πρίσμα της ποικιλομορφίας και όχι ως ένας ενιαίος και ομοιόμορφος δέκτης. Παράλληλα, θα προσεγγιστεί το γούστο κοινωνιολογικά (Bourdieu, 2002; Παναγιωτόπουλος & Βιδάλη, 2019) και θα εξεταστούν ζητήματα εκδημοκρατισμού του κοινού.
Σκοπός του εργαστηρίου είναι η κατανόηση κοινωνικών διαστάσεων της πρόσληψης της τέχνης που συνδέονται με την εκπαίδευση, την κοινωνική διαστρωμάτωση, τη δημοκρατία. Ένας επιπλέον στόχος είναι η σύνδεση των παραπάνω παραγόντων με τον εκδημοκρατισμό των θεατών και η προσέγγιση άλλων προοπτικών για τις πολιτιστικές πρακτικές.
Η μέθοδος του εργαστηρίου συνδυάζει την εισήγηση, τον διάλογο και τις βιωματικές ασκήσεις. Η διαδικασία έρευνας και διδασκαλίας θα πρέπει να είναι αξιολογικά ουδέτερη, γιατί όταν προβάλλονται οι προσωπικές αξιολογικές κρίσεις, η κατανόηση των γεγονότων σταματά (Weber, 2005). Η εξάσκηση του επιστημονικού ρόλου πρέπει να βρίσκεται πέρα από τις ηθικές και πολιτικές επιθυμίες (Αντωνοπούλου, 1992).
Αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα είναι η ενσώματη συμμετοχή, η βαθύτερη κατανόηση των ζητημάτων του κοινού, του εκδημοκρατισμού και του πολιτισμικού κεφαλαίου, όπως και η ανατροφοδότηση. Πρόκειται για μια συμμετοχική διαδικασία όπου όλοι αναπτύσσονται (Freire, 1977). Μια συμμετοχή ακολουθεί ένα βηματισμό: μαθαίνω, επαναλαμβάνω, μεταφράζω, αποσυνθέτω, επανασυνθέτω (Rancière, 2008).

Η κοινωνιολογία των παραγωγών της τέχνης αποτελεί σημαντικό άξονα διερεύνησης των δημιουργών με πλούσιο ιστορικό και εφαρμοσμένη μεθοδολογία. Στο παρόν άρθρο θα γίνει αναφορά στο θεωρητικό πλαίσιο που εξετάζει τους δημιουργούς κοινωνιολογικά (Bourdieu, 1993; Becker, 1982; Elias, 2006; Heinich, 2014). Στη συνέχεια, θα προσεγγιστεί η μεθοδολογία, με επίκεντρο την ποιοτική έρευνα, τις συνεντεύξεις και την ανάλυση λόγου (Phillips και Jorgensen, 2009). Έμφαση θα δοθεί στην παρουσίαση αποτελεσμάτων της έρευνας της καλλιτεχνικής πλατφόρμας Blind Date, η οποία αφορά στην συμμετοχική τέχνη (participatory art) και εξετάστηκε μέσα από την προαναφερόμενη θεωρία και μεθοδολογία. Τέλος, θα γίνει λόγος για το συμπέρασμα της έρευνας, η οποία υλοποιήθηκε για πρώτη φορά στην χώρα μας, υπό αυτό το πρίσμα.
Λέξεις κλειδιά: κοινωνιολογία της τέχνης, δημιουργοί, ποιοτική έρευνα, συμμετοχική τέχνη, κοινωνικά δεσμευμένη τέχνη

The sociology of art producers is an important axis of investigation of creators with a rich history and applied methodology. In this article, reference will be made to the sociological framework that examines creators (Bourdieu, 1993; Becker, 1982; Elias, 2006; Heinich, 2014). Then, methodology issues will be addressed, focusing on qualitative research, interviews, and discourse analysis (Phillips & Jorgensen, 2009). Emphasis will be placed on the presentation of research results of the artistic platform Blind Date, which concerns participatory art and was examined through the aforementioned theory and methodology. Finally, we will talk about the conclusion of the research, which was implemented for the first time in our country, from this perspective.

Keywords: sociology of art, creators, qualitative research, participatory art, socially engaged art

This presentation examines the results of a sociological research project that explored the dimensions of (a) work and knowledge, (b) social background, (c) collaboration and participation, and (d) experience of the participants in the artistic platform Blind Date. A sociological approach of art producers/ creators (Heinich, 2004) will be evolved with the examination of narratives and practices. The notion of artistic practice can surpass binary oppositions (individual/ society), different levels
of analysis (micro/ macro) and makes it possible to analyze sets of activities and discourses [...] (Zembylas, 2014).
We will focus on the collaborations (c) that creators developed before the project and then we will connect this involvement with their expectations, interactions, and outcomes that they experience (d) in Blind Date. The process of production will be approached through artistic practices of cooperation.
The Blind Date (2006-today) is a platform that involves visual artists in cooperation with other groups of creators (poets, philosophers, refugees, local people, and activists). The result is affected by the relationship that these groups cultivate. The process that creators follow is in between participatory, interactive, and collective art (Kravagna, 1999). This participation is surrounded by concepts of community and democracy (Dezeuze, 2010).
The theoretical framework consists of sociological approaches to art creation and collaboration (Sennett, 2012 & Becker, 1982). The vital role of the network of cooperating people is revealed through Becker’s work, but with unique developments in the case of Blind Date’screators. Aspects of the importance of collaboration emerged, along with the cocreation that is complicated and overcomes institutions (Sennett, 2012). Goffman’s analysis (1972) on gaming and the gaming encounter is important in examining Blind Date’s creative process.
The experience and the representations of artists and participants were explored with 26 qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interview material was examined through discourse analysis. Discursive Psychology is applied in order to investigate the ways that participants use to deal with their cooperation and participation. The stress is on individuals both as products of discourse and as producers of discourse in specific contexts of interaction [...] (Phillips & Jorgensen, 2002). A micro-sociological approach will be developed through the examination of
background participation practices and project creative processes.

Keywords: Sociology of the creators, discourse analysis, qualitative research, collaborative art, socially engaged art.