Journal Articles by Martin Havlik
Pragmatics, 2018
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This pape... more Open Access: https://benjamins.com/catalog/prag.17003.olo/fulltext/prag.17003.olo.pdf
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their specific action contexts.
Papers by Martin Havlik
Frontiers in Psychology, 2021
In this paper we examine how participants’ multimodal conduct maps onto one of the basic organiza... more In this paper we examine how participants’ multimodal conduct maps onto one of the basic organizational principles of social interaction: preference organization – and how it does so in a similar manner across five different languages (Czech, French, Hebrew, Mandarin, and Romanian). Based on interactional data from these languages, we identify a recurrent multimodal practice that respondents deploy in turn-initial position in dispreferred responses to various first actions, such as information requests, assessments, proposals, and informing. The practice involves the verbal delivery of a turn-initial expression corresponding to English ‘I don’t know’ and its variants (‘dunno’) coupled with gaze aversion from the prior speaker. We show that through this ‘multimodal assembly’ respondents preface a dispreferred response within various sequence types, and we demonstrate the cross-linguistic robustness of this practice: Through the focal multimodal assembly, respondents retrospectively m...
Časopis pro moderní filologii, 2021
THE ROLE OF REPETITION IN WORKPLACE CONVERSATIONS This article is a primarily a stylistic analysi... more THE ROLE OF REPETITION IN WORKPLACE CONVERSATIONS This article is a primarily a stylistic analysis of a conversation taking place between colleagues working together. Emphasis is placed also on sociolinguistic factors (e.g., the asymmetry of the conversation and the distribution of the social roles of the two interlocutors) that result in the use of specific linguistic features (especially first-, second-and third-person singular and plural pronouns and verb forms such as the indicative, imperative and conditional moods and also the use of the infinitive) and a specific degree of "politeness" expressed in the conversation by one of the interlocutors. Methods of interactive linguistics are used to analyse repetition as an important conversational discourse strategy, and various types of repetition (e.g., intentional/unintentional, identical/modified, intensifying, confirmatory, corrective: "self-corrections" and corrections of the interlocutor) are distinguished with regard to prosody and sequential context. A detailed analysis of a short section of the conversation highlights the role played by gestures and facial expressions (also with regard to repetitions) in maintaining mutual intelligibility between the interlocutors and in coordinating their shared work. KEYWORDS workplace conversation, (co-)establishment of mutual intelligibility between interlocutors, sequential context, repetition, prosody, gestures and facial expressions KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA doprovodný pracovní rozhovor, (spolu)konstrukce vzájemného porozumění partnerů, sekvenční kontext, opakování, prozódie, gesta a pohledy
Czech Sociological Review, 2012
Against the backdrop of the current popularity of the concept of narrative in the social sciences... more Against the backdrop of the current popularity of the concept of narrative in the social sciences the authors analyse the uses of narrative analysis in empirical social research and provide a unifying frame based on Paul Ricoeur's notion of narrative mimesis. To begin they situate 'narrative' in the context of the social research tradition. Using both a simple and an elaborated defi nition of narrative they outline the main approaches to narrative analysis relevant to sociology and categorize them as structuralist, hermeneutic, or interactionist. The crux of the article is a discussion of Ricoeur's integrative model of narrative as threefold mimesis and its proposed methodological application in sociological narrative research. The authors argue that Ricoeur's model obviates undesirable analytical simplifi cations and encourages research that captures all the substantial aspects of narrative, including the producer (the narrator) and the recipient (the listener or reader).
Časopis pro moderní filologii, 2019
VARIATION IN THE PHONOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF LUXURY AND NECESSARY BORROWINGS IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS ... more VARIATION IN THE PHONOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF LUXURY AND NECESSARY BORROWINGS IN DIFFERENT DOMAINS This paper focuses on the distinction between luxury and necessary borrowings from English (i.e. Anglicisms) and the relationship between these borrowings, the domains in which they are used and their pronunciation and orthography. I put forward a hypothesis that the ratio of luxury and necessary borrowings differs within different domains and that this has an impact on the pronunciation and orthography of the borrowings; I tested this hypothesis by analysing 500 Anglicisms. The results confirm that (1) there is a difference in the distribution of luxury or necessary Anglicisms within different domains and (2) necessary Anglicisms are more often pronounced according to their original orthography than luxury Anglicisms. However, I also detected a strong association between the period in which Anglicisms were borrowed and the manner in which they were adopted; therefore, it was not possible to identify a direct link between the type of borrowing and pronunciation, and further research is required to confirm the above hypothesis.
Czech Sociological Review, 2014
The thematically oriented biographical interview (TOBI) is a research tool used frequently in con... more The thematically oriented biographical interview (TOBI) is a research tool used frequently in contemporary qualitative research. Compared to other interviewing techniques, its main advantage is its combination of a thematic focus and sensitivity to the perspective of the interviewee. The authors demonstrate that TOBI is made up of several constituents: fi rst, it is a speech infrastructure (comprising a conversational and a narrative component), and second, it encompasses three kinds of relevance (biographical relevance, identity relevance and specifi c thematic relevance). The main part of the article is devoted to an analysis of the types and forms of relevance that occur in the corpus of oral history biographical interviews. The analysis shows that, contrary to the common effort of researchers to increase the signifi cance of a respondent's testimony by emphasising the specifi c thematic relevance, the biographical and identity relevances are equally important for successfully capturing the actor's perspective and smoothly conducting a TOBI. In their explication of relevance and its forms the authors draw on the theory of relevance developed by Alfred Schütz.
Prosodic Aspects of Reported Speech in Conversational Storytellings. This article presents the fi... more Prosodic Aspects of Reported Speech in Conversational Storytellings. This article presents the findings of a study on the prosodic aspects of reported speech in informal conversations. The majority of the material was recorded by speakers themselves in the hope that this would eliminate the Observer's Paradox. First, instances of reported speech were chosen and then prosodic differences between these instances and ambient speech were identified. The voice qualities used by the speakers to index different affective states and personal qualities of others were further examined, and an auditive as well as an instrumental analysis of the speech signal was performed. The findings suggest that the use of specific prosodic devices is not an individual matter but rather a conventionalized one. Changes in F0 level and level of intensity are the most frequent prosodic aspects. Strong rhythmicity of reported speech occurrences is also quite frequent. Prosodic features function mainly on the principle of contrast (i.e. in direct relation to non-reported speech) and are used in a complex manner. The same bundles of voice qualities are used by different speakers to construct almost stereotypical images of concrete personas.
Czech Sociological Review, 2010
In this article, the authors examine the production of television news by a public service broadc... more In this article, the authors examine the production of television news by a public service broadcaster, Czech Television. The aim is to understand the way in which reporters and their colleagues 'make the news'. Ethnomethodologically informed ethnography is used to analyse cooperation among TV professionals and make visible the everyday, routine, and situated practices with which they perform their tasks. The authors study how practitioners perform their work in consideration of their colleagues' work, that is, with an awareness of a common aim. They argue that the professional system of relevances of newsmakers is structured by socially established and shared knowledge of the genre specifi cs of television news reports. The authors describe the genre structure of a standard television news report from a praxeological perspective, and they show how reporters, camera operators, sound technicians, editors, and others mutually collaborate to create a shared understanding of the system of genre norms. The article devotes particular attention to a key component of reporting work: the organisation and fi lming of interviews with respondents. The analysis demonstrates that interviews with respondents function as an auxiliary television news genre and that the system of relevances in this case is derived from the television news report as a superordinate genre.
This text consists of a report on the Sociolinguistics Symposium 19, which took place in Berlin i... more This text consists of a report on the Sociolinguistics Symposium 19, which took place in Berlin in August 2012.
Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 2018
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundan... more This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the nec...
... slovesnosti: Janíková Volín, 2003) o vario-vání artikulačního tempa (AT) ao nalezení domény... more ... slovesnosti: Janíková Volín, 2003) o vario-vání artikulačního tempa (AT) ao nalezení domény pro toto variování podle zjitění Dankovičové je touto vhodnou doménou právě promluvovýúsek , nevyhneme se ... ABERCOMBIE, D. (1965): Studies in Phonetics and Linguistics. ...
Discursive practices of Christian preachers in the constitution of the standardized relational pa... more Discursive practices of Christian preachers in the constitution of the standardized relational pair "us" - "them" ABSTRACT: The article is concerned with the way in which Christian preachers discursively handle the categories of "us" and "them" in their sermons. I point out that there are two different groups of "them" in the sermons: (1) sectarians, and (2) unbelievers. According to self-categorisa- tion theory, members of "them", which comprise the so-called "out-group", are often presented negatively, in sharp contrast to the positive self-presentation of members of the "in-group". And since sectarians comprise the genuine "out-group", there is no problem for Christian preachers to talk about them. However, with respect to the latter group the situation is somewhat different. The problem for the preachers consists in the fact that their aim is not to defeat the unbelievers, but to make them believers. By using membership categorization analysis, I show how they discur- sively solve the problem of differentiating unbelievers and believers in such a way that no strict border splitting "us" and "them" is created. Such distinction might be undesirable for the preach- ers endeavouring to coax the unbelievers to believe in God and the believers to help unbelievers find the proper life course, since a definite border between "us" and "them" breeds the negatively presented "out-group" and positively self-presented "in-group".
Sociologický Casopis, 2010
Sociologický Casopis, 2010
... Page 2. účastníků konference obsahuje na 400 jmen. ... Také příspěvků týkajících se prozódie ... more ... Page 2. účastníků konference obsahuje na 400 jmen. ... Také příspěvků týkajících se prozódie nebylo bohuel mnoho, přestoe jedna z plenárních před-náek byla pronesena dnes u klasičkou v této ob-lasti bádání Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlenovou (srov. ...
Dialogue Studies, 2012
Prosody plays an important role in all types of speech and in every conversation. One important f... more Prosody plays an important role in all types of speech and in every conversation. One important function of prosody is its ability to contextualise what has been said (Auer & de Luzio 1992). With the help of prosody in conversation, speakers can also transfer previous utterances of their conversational partners into another context, especially if responding to them. By doing this, they can alter the meaning of what their partners have said; they can change serious speech into non-serious speech and/or into irony, mockery, and so on. One important way of achieving this is “stylized prosodic orientation.” As the author of this concept says, “[b]y prosodically stylizing a previous non-stylized item or action, participants introduce a new perspective on it.” (Szczepek Reed 2006: 147). By using such prosodic stylization, the new speaker (former recipient) brings a voice into the conversation which is not only new, but is literally unexpected, and hence strange and alienated. In this paper, I will show how one particular host of a popular Czech TV talk show uses prosody as a means of joking or making fun of guests, and I will also show which particular aspects of prosody he uses to place the answers of his guests into another context and genre.
Proceedings of the Olomouc Linguistics Colloquium 2013, 2014
Slovo a slovesnost, 2013, Vol. 74, No. 3, 2013
This text consists of a report on the Sociolinguistics Symposium 19, which took place in Berlin i... more This text consists of a report on the Sociolinguistics Symposium 19, which took place in Berlin in August 2012.
Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 2010, Vol. 46, No. 4: 537–567, 2010
In this article, the authors examine the production of television news by a public service broadc... more In this article, the authors examine the production of television news by a public service broadcaster, Czech Television. The aim is to understand the way in which reporters and their colleagues ‘make the news’. Ethnomethodologically informed ethnography is used to analyse cooperation among TV professionals and make visible the everyday, routine, and situated practices with which they perform their tasks. The authors study how practitioners perform their work in consideration of their colleagues’ work, that is, with an awareness of a common aim. They argue that the professional system of relevances of newsmakers is structured by socially established and shared knowledge of the genre specifics of television news reports. The authors describe the genre structure of a standard television news report from a praxeological perspective, and they show how reporters, camera operators, sound technicians, editors, and others mutually collaborate to create a shared understanding of the system o...
Books by Martin Havlik
Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny, 2017
Titul tohoto díla napovídá, že navazuje na Encyklopedický slovník češtiny (2002) a cíle, které si... more Titul tohoto díla napovídá, že navazuje na Encyklopedický slovník češtiny (2002) a cíle, které si kladl. Rozsahem, obsahem a formou jednotlivých hesel i slovníku jako celku jej však přesahuje. Oběma slovníkům je nepochybně společné to, že i Nový encyklopedický slovník češtiny online se pokouší shrnout a vyložit nejdůležitější otázky struktury, fungování a vývoje češtiny i jejího popisu a všímá si přitom jak její mluvené a psané podoby, tak šíře jejích variet. Tematicky pokrývá všechny hlavní disciplíny jazykovědné bohemistiky, ať už zavedené, nebo nově se formující. Vychází přitom z teoretických koncepcí, které našly ohlas v české i zahraniční bohemistice a slavistice, obrací se však nejen na bohemisty, ale na filology obecně a otevírá se i jiným disciplínám tam, kde se věnuje fenoménům obecným nebo přechodovým, resp. kde v interdisciplinárním přesahu tvůrčím způsobem rozvíjí jejich metody. Slovník se snaží reflektovat, kam v kontextu jazykovědy dospěla domácí i zahraniční jazykovědná bohemistika, jaké relevantní proudy současné lingvistiky přijala a konkretizovala a jaký specifický přínos naopak přinesla jazykovědnému výzkumu ve světě. Hesla předchozího slovníku byla aktualizována a rozšířena, výrazně se zvýšil počet zpracovaných položek (současný slovník obsahuje 1568 hesel vysvětlujících přes 7 000 lingvistických termínů, včetně alternativních názvů), v souladu s rozšiřujícím se poznáním i rozvojem interdisciplinarity vznikly i celé nové „balíčky“ hesel např. z oblasti počítačové lingvistiky, matematické lingvistiky, kognitivní lingvistiky, psycholingvistiky, kontaktové lingvistiky či sociolingvistiky a analýzy diskurzu.
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Journal Articles by Martin Havlik
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their specific action contexts.
Papers by Martin Havlik
Books by Martin Havlik
This paper aims to describe different patterns of syntactic extensions of turns-at-talk in mundane conversations in Czech. Within interactional linguistics, same-speaker continuations of possibly complete syntactic structures have been described for typologically diverse languages, but have not yet been investigated for Slavic languages. Based on previously established descriptions of various types of extensions (Vorreiter 2003; Couper-Kuhlen & Ono 2007), our initial description shall therefore contribute to the cross-linguistic exploration of this phenomenon. While all previously described forms for continuing a turn-constructional unit seem to exist in Czech, some grammatical features of this language (especially free word order and strong case morphology) may lead to problems in distinguishing specific types of syntactic extensions. Consequently, this type of language allows for critically evaluating the cross-linguistic validity of the different categories and underlines the necessity of analysing syntactic phenomena within their specific action contexts.