Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
The North China Plain is one of the biggest plains in China, where municipal, agricultural and in... more The North China Plain is one of the biggest plains in China, where municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies are highly dependent on groundwater resources. It is crucial to investigate water chemistry and hydrogeochemical processes related to hydrogeologic settings for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. Two hydrochemical profiles proximately along the groundwater flow paths were selected for hydrogeochemical study. Major components and 2 H and 18 O isotopes were analyzed in groundwater samples from the profiles. The study area was divided into three zones, including strong runoff-alluvial/pluvial fans in the piedmont area (Zone I), slow runoff-alluvial/lacustrine plain in the central area (Zone II), and discharge-alluvial/marine plain in the coastal area (Zone III). Major components of groundwater samples showed obvious zonation patterns from Zone I to Zone III. Total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations gradually increased, and the hydrochemical type changed from HCO 3 -SO 4 -Ca-Mg and HCO 3 -Cl-Ca-Mg types to HCO 3 -SO 4 -Na-Ca, SO 4 -Cl-Na-Ca and SO 4 -Cl-Na types from Zone I to Zone III. Abrupt increases in concentrations of Na + , Cl À and SO 2À 4 in deep groundwater were observed around the depression cones, which indicated that overexploitation resulted in water quality deterioration. Calcite and dolomite precipitation occurred in Zone I of deep groundwater systems and shallow groundwater systems. Cation exchange was believed to take place along the entire flow paths. Gypsum tended to dissolve in groundwater systems. The depletion in D and 18 O isotopes in deep groundwater was related to the recharge from precipitation in paleo-climate conditions in glacial or interglacial periods, indicating that renewal groundwater was very limited. Efficient strategies must be taken to preserve the valued water resources for sustainable development.
Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements commonly found in groundwater. With initial concentrati... more Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements commonly found in groundwater. With initial concentration of 200μgL(-1), spontaneous As(III) oxidation is realized completely during 7 days operation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in the present study, with the maximum power density of 752.6±17mWm(-2). The product is less toxic and mobile As(V), which can be removed from aqueous solution more easily. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis indicates the existence of arsenic-resistant bacteria as Actinobacteria, Comamonas, Pseudomonas and arsenic-oxidizing bacteria as Enterobacter, with electrochemically active bacteria as Lactococcus, Enterobacter. They interact together and are responsible for As(III) oxidation and bioelectricity generation in MFCs. This study offers a potential attractive method for remediation of arsenic-polluted groundwater.
The Science of the total environment, Jan 13, 2015
Although As concentrations have been investigated in shallow groundwater from the Hetao basin, Ch... more Although As concentrations have been investigated in shallow groundwater from the Hetao basin, China, less is known about U and As distributions in deep groundwater, which would help to better understand their origins and fate controls. Two hundred and ninety-nine groundwater samples, 122 sediment samples, and 14 rock samples were taken from the northwest portion of the Hetao basin, and analyzed for geochemical parameters. Results showed contrasting distributions of groundwater U and As, with high U and low As concentrations in the alluvial fans along the basin margins, and low U and high As concentrations downgradient in the flat plain. The probable sources of both As and U in groundwater were ultimately traced to the bedrocks in the local mountains (the Langshan Mountains). Chemical weathering of U-bearing rocks (schist, phyllite, and carbonate veins) released and mobilized U as UO2(CO3)2(2-) and UO2(CO3)3(4-) species in the alluvial fans under oxic conditions and suboxic conditio...
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, Jan 15, 2015
The stable isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) provide insights... more The stable isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) provide insights into the carbon cycle, biogeochemical processes, and the fate of redox-sensitive elements in groundwater systems. The simultaneous determination of the stable isotope ratios (δ(13) CDIC and δ(13) CDOC values) in DIC and DOC in water samples would provide better understanding of those processes. The conditions for pretreating water samples prior to determining their DIC and DOC stable isotope ratios were optimized with a series of experiments on pre-purging (GasBench needle versus blowing concentrator) and reaction conditions. The carbon stable isotope ratios were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Sequential determination of the δ(13) CDIC and δ(13) CDOC values was also carried out using the optimized conditions. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) δ(13) C standards were utilized to verify the precision of the proposed method. The optimized pretreatment con...
The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of arsenic (As) in and on roots of Zea ... more The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of arsenic (As) in and on roots of Zea mays (maize) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) by means of synchrotron-based micro-focused X-ray fluorescence imaging (μ-XRF). Plant and soil samples were collected from two field sites in the Hetao Plain (Inner Mongolia, China) which have been regularly irrigated with As-rich groundwater. Detailed μ-XRF element distribution maps were generated at the Fluo-beamline of the Anka synchrotron facility (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) to assess the spatial distribution of As in thin sections of plant roots and soil particles. The results showed that average As concentrations in the roots (14.5–27.4 mg kg−1) covered a similar range as in the surrounding soil, but local maximum root As concentrations reached up to 424 mg kg−1 (H. annuus) and 1280 mg kg−1 (Z. mays), respectively. Importantly, the results revealed that As had mainly accumulated at the outer rhizodermis along with iron (Fe). We...
ABSTRACT Effects of pH, As species, and Fe/Mn minerals on the fractions of adsorbed As in aquifer... more ABSTRACT Effects of pH, As species, and Fe/Mn minerals on the fractions of adsorbed As in aquifer sediments were evaluated. Kinetic data showed that As adsorption was controlled by diffusion through the external film. Isothermal data of both As(III) and As(V) fitted the Langmuir isotherm well, revealing a monolayer adsorp-tion process. Sequential extraction demonstrated that water-soluble As and non-specifically sorbed As were the major fractions of adsorbed As. Assessing the relationship between the Freundlich K F and the increases in the amounts of As fractions showed that the pH played a key role in weakly adsorbed As, especially water-soluble As. Although inorganic As species converted each other during the adsorption processes, more non-specifically sorbed As was adsorbed in As(V)-treated sediment than in As(III)-treated sediment, showing that the electrostatic selectivity controlled the non-specific adsorption. Additionally, specifically sorbed As and As associated with the amorphous phases were predominated by Fe/ Mn minerals, especially Fe(III) (hydr)oxides. These results suggested that pH, As species, and Fe/Mn minerals would regulate the As fractions in aquifer sediments, and therefore control As cycling in aquifer systems.
Environmental geochemistry and health, Jan 20, 2015
High-F(-) groundwater is widely distributed in Xiji County, which endangers the safety of drinkin... more High-F(-) groundwater is widely distributed in Xiji County, which endangers the safety of drinking water. In order to evaluate the key factors controlling the origin and geochemical mechanisms of F(-) enrichment in groundwater at Xiji County, one hundred and five groundwater samples and sixty-two sediment samples were collected. Fluoride concentration in the groundwater samples ranged from 0.2 to 3.01 mg/L (mean 1.13 mg/L), with 17 % exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline value of 1.5 mg/L and 48 % exceeding the Chinese drinking water guideline value of 1.0 mg/L. High-F(-) groundwaters were characterized by hydrochemical types of Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4·Cl, which were found in Quaternary sediment aquifer and in Tertiary clastic aquifer, respectively. Conditions favorable for F(-) enrichment in groundwater included weakly alkaline pH (7.2-8.9), low concentration of Ca(2+), and high concentrations of HCO3 (-) and Na(+). Calcite and fluorite were the main minerals controlling F(-) conce...
2015): Distribution of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria and its correlation with temperature in hot sp... more 2015): Distribution of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria and its correlation with temperature in hot springs of the Tibetan-Yunnan geothermal zone in
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 7, 2015
Intact aquifer sediments were collected to obtain As-resistant bacteria from the Hetao basin. Two... more Intact aquifer sediments were collected to obtain As-resistant bacteria from the Hetao basin. Two strains of aerobic As-resistant bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. M17-1 and Bacillus sp. M17-15) were isolated from the aquifer sediments. Those strains exhibited high resistances to both As(III) and As(V). Results showed that both strains had arr and ars genes, and led to reduction of dissolved As(V), goethite-adsorbed As(V), scorodite As(V) and sediment As(V), in the presence of organic carbon as the carbon source. After reduction of solid As(V), As release was observed from the solids to solutions. Strain M17-15 had a higher ability than strain M17-1 in reducing As(V) and promoting the release of As. These results suggested that the strains would mediate As(V) reduction to As(III), and thereafter release As(III), due to the higher mobility of As(III) in most aquifer systems. The processes would play an important role in genesis of high As groundwater.
Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose... more Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
The North China Plain is one of the biggest plains in China, where municipal, agricultural and in... more The North China Plain is one of the biggest plains in China, where municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies are highly dependent on groundwater resources. It is crucial to investigate water chemistry and hydrogeochemical processes related to hydrogeologic settings for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. Two hydrochemical profiles proximately along the groundwater flow paths were selected for hydrogeochemical study. Major components and 2 H and 18 O isotopes were analyzed in groundwater samples from the profiles. The study area was divided into three zones, including strong runoff-alluvial/pluvial fans in the piedmont area (Zone I), slow runoff-alluvial/lacustrine plain in the central area (Zone II), and discharge-alluvial/marine plain in the coastal area (Zone III). Major components of groundwater samples showed obvious zonation patterns from Zone I to Zone III. Total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations gradually increased, and the hydrochemical type changed from HCO 3 -SO 4 -Ca-Mg and HCO 3 -Cl-Ca-Mg types to HCO 3 -SO 4 -Na-Ca, SO 4 -Cl-Na-Ca and SO 4 -Cl-Na types from Zone I to Zone III. Abrupt increases in concentrations of Na + , Cl À and SO 2À 4 in deep groundwater were observed around the depression cones, which indicated that overexploitation resulted in water quality deterioration. Calcite and dolomite precipitation occurred in Zone I of deep groundwater systems and shallow groundwater systems. Cation exchange was believed to take place along the entire flow paths. Gypsum tended to dissolve in groundwater systems. The depletion in D and 18 O isotopes in deep groundwater was related to the recharge from precipitation in paleo-climate conditions in glacial or interglacial periods, indicating that renewal groundwater was very limited. Efficient strategies must be taken to preserve the valued water resources for sustainable development.
Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements commonly found in groundwater. With initial concentrati... more Arsenic is one of the most toxic elements commonly found in groundwater. With initial concentration of 200μgL(-1), spontaneous As(III) oxidation is realized completely during 7 days operation in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in the present study, with the maximum power density of 752.6±17mWm(-2). The product is less toxic and mobile As(V), which can be removed from aqueous solution more easily. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis indicates the existence of arsenic-resistant bacteria as Actinobacteria, Comamonas, Pseudomonas and arsenic-oxidizing bacteria as Enterobacter, with electrochemically active bacteria as Lactococcus, Enterobacter. They interact together and are responsible for As(III) oxidation and bioelectricity generation in MFCs. This study offers a potential attractive method for remediation of arsenic-polluted groundwater.
The Science of the total environment, Jan 13, 2015
Although As concentrations have been investigated in shallow groundwater from the Hetao basin, Ch... more Although As concentrations have been investigated in shallow groundwater from the Hetao basin, China, less is known about U and As distributions in deep groundwater, which would help to better understand their origins and fate controls. Two hundred and ninety-nine groundwater samples, 122 sediment samples, and 14 rock samples were taken from the northwest portion of the Hetao basin, and analyzed for geochemical parameters. Results showed contrasting distributions of groundwater U and As, with high U and low As concentrations in the alluvial fans along the basin margins, and low U and high As concentrations downgradient in the flat plain. The probable sources of both As and U in groundwater were ultimately traced to the bedrocks in the local mountains (the Langshan Mountains). Chemical weathering of U-bearing rocks (schist, phyllite, and carbonate veins) released and mobilized U as UO2(CO3)2(2-) and UO2(CO3)3(4-) species in the alluvial fans under oxic conditions and suboxic conditio...
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM, Jan 15, 2015
The stable isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) provide insights... more The stable isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC) provide insights into the carbon cycle, biogeochemical processes, and the fate of redox-sensitive elements in groundwater systems. The simultaneous determination of the stable isotope ratios (δ(13) CDIC and δ(13) CDOC values) in DIC and DOC in water samples would provide better understanding of those processes. The conditions for pretreating water samples prior to determining their DIC and DOC stable isotope ratios were optimized with a series of experiments on pre-purging (GasBench needle versus blowing concentrator) and reaction conditions. The carbon stable isotope ratios were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Sequential determination of the δ(13) CDIC and δ(13) CDOC values was also carried out using the optimized conditions. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) δ(13) C standards were utilized to verify the precision of the proposed method. The optimized pretreatment con...
The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of arsenic (As) in and on roots of Zea ... more The aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation of arsenic (As) in and on roots of Zea mays (maize) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) by means of synchrotron-based micro-focused X-ray fluorescence imaging (μ-XRF). Plant and soil samples were collected from two field sites in the Hetao Plain (Inner Mongolia, China) which have been regularly irrigated with As-rich groundwater. Detailed μ-XRF element distribution maps were generated at the Fluo-beamline of the Anka synchrotron facility (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) to assess the spatial distribution of As in thin sections of plant roots and soil particles. The results showed that average As concentrations in the roots (14.5–27.4 mg kg−1) covered a similar range as in the surrounding soil, but local maximum root As concentrations reached up to 424 mg kg−1 (H. annuus) and 1280 mg kg−1 (Z. mays), respectively. Importantly, the results revealed that As had mainly accumulated at the outer rhizodermis along with iron (Fe). We...
ABSTRACT Effects of pH, As species, and Fe/Mn minerals on the fractions of adsorbed As in aquifer... more ABSTRACT Effects of pH, As species, and Fe/Mn minerals on the fractions of adsorbed As in aquifer sediments were evaluated. Kinetic data showed that As adsorption was controlled by diffusion through the external film. Isothermal data of both As(III) and As(V) fitted the Langmuir isotherm well, revealing a monolayer adsorp-tion process. Sequential extraction demonstrated that water-soluble As and non-specifically sorbed As were the major fractions of adsorbed As. Assessing the relationship between the Freundlich K F and the increases in the amounts of As fractions showed that the pH played a key role in weakly adsorbed As, especially water-soluble As. Although inorganic As species converted each other during the adsorption processes, more non-specifically sorbed As was adsorbed in As(V)-treated sediment than in As(III)-treated sediment, showing that the electrostatic selectivity controlled the non-specific adsorption. Additionally, specifically sorbed As and As associated with the amorphous phases were predominated by Fe/ Mn minerals, especially Fe(III) (hydr)oxides. These results suggested that pH, As species, and Fe/Mn minerals would regulate the As fractions in aquifer sediments, and therefore control As cycling in aquifer systems.
Environmental geochemistry and health, Jan 20, 2015
High-F(-) groundwater is widely distributed in Xiji County, which endangers the safety of drinkin... more High-F(-) groundwater is widely distributed in Xiji County, which endangers the safety of drinking water. In order to evaluate the key factors controlling the origin and geochemical mechanisms of F(-) enrichment in groundwater at Xiji County, one hundred and five groundwater samples and sixty-two sediment samples were collected. Fluoride concentration in the groundwater samples ranged from 0.2 to 3.01 mg/L (mean 1.13 mg/L), with 17 % exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline value of 1.5 mg/L and 48 % exceeding the Chinese drinking water guideline value of 1.0 mg/L. High-F(-) groundwaters were characterized by hydrochemical types of Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4·Cl, which were found in Quaternary sediment aquifer and in Tertiary clastic aquifer, respectively. Conditions favorable for F(-) enrichment in groundwater included weakly alkaline pH (7.2-8.9), low concentration of Ca(2+), and high concentrations of HCO3 (-) and Na(+). Calcite and fluorite were the main minerals controlling F(-) conce...
2015): Distribution of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria and its correlation with temperature in hot sp... more 2015): Distribution of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria and its correlation with temperature in hot springs of the Tibetan-Yunnan geothermal zone in
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 7, 2015
Intact aquifer sediments were collected to obtain As-resistant bacteria from the Hetao basin. Two... more Intact aquifer sediments were collected to obtain As-resistant bacteria from the Hetao basin. Two strains of aerobic As-resistant bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. M17-1 and Bacillus sp. M17-15) were isolated from the aquifer sediments. Those strains exhibited high resistances to both As(III) and As(V). Results showed that both strains had arr and ars genes, and led to reduction of dissolved As(V), goethite-adsorbed As(V), scorodite As(V) and sediment As(V), in the presence of organic carbon as the carbon source. After reduction of solid As(V), As release was observed from the solids to solutions. Strain M17-15 had a higher ability than strain M17-1 in reducing As(V) and promoting the release of As. These results suggested that the strains would mediate As(V) reduction to As(III), and thereafter release As(III), due to the higher mobility of As(III) in most aquifer systems. The processes would play an important role in genesis of high As groundwater.
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