Papers by Christian M A N U E L Moreno Rocha
Multi-criteria evaluation and multi-method analysis for appropriately selecting renewable energy sources in Colombia, 2025
This research explores the implementation of renewable energy technologies for power generation u... more This research explores the implementation of renewable energy technologies for power generation using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, including AHP, FAHP, TOPSIS, and FUZZY-TOPSIS. Ten renewable energy alternatives were evaluated across seven geographic regions in Colombia, revealing variability in preferences depending on the method and scenario. Alternatives 6 and 4 frequently stood out, while others showed varied rankings. This study significantly contributes to the energy sector by offering a rigorous framework for selecting renewable generation technologies, supporting sustainable energy planning, and providing a model for replication in global contexts, some key points are: • The study applied systematic MCDM approaches to assess renewable energy sources. • Results demonstrated method-dependent variability and highlighted regional preferences. • It sets a benchmark for integrating sustainable practices into energy planning worldwide.
Data set for the generation of strategies in the selection of renewable energies in Colombia: Evaluation of AHP and FAHP from regional potentials towards a sustainable future, 2025
This analysis examines the evaluation of alternatives using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) ... more This analysis examines the evaluation of alternatives using the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and FAHP (Fuzzy Ana- lytic Hierarchy Process) methodologies in five scenarios (SC1 to SC5), with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of both approaches in incorporating environmental and technical cri- teria. The findings reveal that, in the SC1 scenario, AHP as- signs weights of 14.35 % to A1 and 16.22 % to A2, while FAHP shows a greater dispersion and highlights A6 with 35.22 %. In SC2, AHP favors A1 with 14.16 % and FAHP increases the weight of the environmental criterion to 21.18 %. In SC3, A1 remains the preferred option in both methodologies, al- though AHP and FAHP exhibit a close weight of 34.00 % and 32.98 %, respectively. In SC4, AHP and FAHP maintain a sim- ilar trend, with A1 standing out with 11.12 % and A4 with 34.87 %. Finally, in SC5, the findings show that AHP allocates 8.52 % to A1, while FAHP indicates 10.73 %. The observations suggest that FAHP allows a greater sensitivity to variations in the sub-criteria, thus facilitating a more accurate assessment aligned with sustainability objectives. The relevance of en- vironmental and social criteria across the different scenarios
International Journal of Energy Research, 2025
This study evaluates alternatives using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP)... more This study evaluates alternatives using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) methodologies across five scenarios (SC1 to SC5), aiming to compare the effectiveness of both approaches in integrating environmental and technical criteria. The results indicate that, in SC1, AHP assigns weights of 14.35% to A1 and 16.22% to A2, while FAHP demonstrates greater dispersion, highlighting A6 with 35.22%. In SC2, AHP prioritizes A1 with 14.16%, whereas FAHP increases the weight of the environmental criterion to 21.18%. In SC3, A1 remains the preferred option in both methodologies, with close weights of 34.00% for AHP and 32.98% for FAHP. In SC4, both methods show similar trends, with A1 standing out at 11.12% and A4 at 34.87%. Finally, in SC5, AHP allocates 8.52% to A1, while FAHP evaluates it at 10.73%. The findings suggest that FAHP allows greater sensitivity to variations in sub-criteria, enabling a more precise evaluation aligned with sustainability objectives. The significance of environmental and social criteria across the scenarios underscores the necessity of incorporating more sustainable approaches into decision-making processes. It is concluded that, while AHP delivers consistent results, FAHP may be better suited for contexts characterized by complexity and uncertainty. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis is recommended to examine how variations in criterion weights impact final decisions.
In this research, several crucial aspects have been explored in the evaluation and ranking of ene... more In this research, several crucial aspects have been explored in the evaluation and ranking of energy alternatives in Colombia using advanced decision methods such as TOPSIS and Diffuse TOPSIS. The study analyzed how these techniques allow to effectively compare different renewable energy sources in various regions of the country, highlighting the importance of considering multiple approaches due to the unique geographical and energy characteristics of each region. Specifically, five regions were evaluated: Caribbean 1 and 2, Pacific 1 and 2, Andean, Amazonian and Orinoquia, observing significant differences in the evaluation of technologies between the models. In the evaluation of energy sources for each region, the potential of photovoltaic solar energy in the Caribbean and Orinoquia regions was emphasized due to the high solar radiation, wind energy in the Caribbean and Pacific regions due to its strong winds, and biomass in the Amazon and Andean regions thanks to the abundance of organic resources. These technologies not only contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions and the diversification of the energy matrix, but also promote a just energy transition by generating employment and improving the quality of life in local communities. The TOPSIS method and its diffuse variant make it possible to weigh criteria with different degrees of importance and manage uncertainty in decision-making, resulting in more precise evaluations adapted to specific contexts. This type of research is vital for decision-making in the Colombian electricity sector, as it provides a solid and replicable methodology for evaluating energy alternatives in an integral way. The results not only contribute to environmental sustainability, but also boost the socioeconomic development of the regions, fostering an equitable and fair energy transition.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Jan 14, 2024
In contemporary times, regulations have been established to govern access and integration of elec... more In contemporary times, regulations have been established to govern access and integration of electric vehicles, which hold immense potential in mitigating the adverse impacts of transportation arising from escalating mobility demands and rapid urbanization. Nevertheless, their implementation poses intricate challenges due to the multifaceted nature of sustainability and other complexities, as they are considered a prospective solution to address the pressing issue of climate change and achieve holistic sustainability. Moreover, this study elucidates the methodological approach employed for selecting a comprehensive set of criteria to be considered in energy planning initiatives involving the incorporation of electric vehicles, encompassing both renewable and conventional energy sources. The selection process was informed through a thorough review of existing literature and the insightful input from experts, utilizing the Likert scale and arithmetic mean as reference benchmarks. The outcomes of this research have yielded the identification of 27 sub-criteria, categorized into five distinct groups: technical, economic, social, environmental, and risk-related factors, thereby enabling a comprehensive evaluation of energy planning projects associated with the adoption of electric vehicles. The findings derived from employing the hierarchical analytical process with fuzzy logic FAHP highlight the considerable potential of most criteria and sub-criteria in devising effective measures. Notably, criteria related to policy-governance and environmental aspects emerged as the most influential, according to the collective expertise of the consulted group. This study significantly contributes to enhancing sustainable mobility and advancing progress towards attaining sustainable development goals. By delineating pertinent criteria and sub-criteria for the planning process, this research augments the literature dedicated to supporting informed decision-making in sustainable transportation, particularly through the potential application of a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method.
Research Square (Research Square), Feb 2, 2024
This study presents a comprehensive examination of renewable energy sources across distinct Colom... more This study presents a comprehensive examination of renewable energy sources across distinct Colombian regions, employing the AHP and FAHP methodologies. Tailoring the selection of alternatives, including solar photovoltaic, offshore/onshore wind, biomass, geothermal, and large-and small-scale hydropower, to each region's specific characteristics aims to provide sustainable solutions for the nation's escalating energy demand. The weighting process incorporates multidimensional criteria encompassing social, economic, technical, and environmental aspects, further broken down into sub-criteria for meticulous evaluation. Results unveil distinct weightings and hierarchies for each region, shaped by the variability in energy potential and resource availability. Methodological differences yield notable disparities in outcomes, with solar photovoltaics emerging as a leading option in most regions, securing a 60% preference due to its viability and potential. This emphasizes the necessity of considering unique regional characteristics when selecting the most suitable energy source. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the significance of introducing innovative metaheuristic methods, notably AHP and FAHP, into the Colombian energy sector. In a geographically diverse country like Colombia, where regional variability demands flexible approaches, these methodologies emerge as crucial decision-making tools. Overcoming the limitations of traditional approaches, they provide a precise and informed assessment, adeptly managing uncertainty and subjectivity in dynamic environments. This research not only offers a valuable guide for the effective implementation of renewable energies in Colombia but also underscores the importance of accommodating regional variability in the transition towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy system. The application of metaheuristic methods contributes to more effective strategic planning, fostering environmental sustainability within the Colombian context. Ultimately, the combination of detailed assessment, specific weighting, and the application of advanced methodologies presents a comprehensive approach to addressing energy challenges in a country as diverse as Colombia.
Journal of Applied Mathematics, 2024
This study performs a systematic review and analysis of research on the use of multicriteria deci... more This study performs a systematic review and analysis of research on the use of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods for more than 45 years. More than 34,468 documents related to MCDA were identified in more than 130 countries, with an annual increase of 14.15% in scientific production. India, China, and Iran lead in number of publications, covering about 35%. The universities with the most publications include Islamic Azad University and Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. The main journals in this field are Expert Systems With Applications, Sustainability, and Journal of Cleaner Production. The most prolific authors are Zavadskas, E.; Wang, J.; Tzeng, GH; Zavadskas, EK; and Kahraman, C. The most popular methods are TOPSIS, AHP (analytic hierarchy process), VIKOR, PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation), and ANP. LATAN, which includes countries such as Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, has increased the use of MCDA in recent years. Colombia has also shown a great interest in MCDA, especially in the selection of alternative energy sources and industrial suppliers. This method of literature review provides a comprehensive overview of research at MCDA and offers valuable information for future projects and studies.
Energy Informatics, 2024
The growing global demand for energy, combined with the prevailing need to address environmental ... more The growing global demand for energy, combined with the prevailing need to address environmental challenges, has driven the transition to more sustainable and renewable energy sources. Colombia, in its commitment to climate change mitigation, has
Impact of varying magnetite nanoparticle concentrations on the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of polyaniline-based magnetic nanocomposites, 2024
We report the synthesis of polyaniline/magnetite nanocomposites (PMNCs) via in situ chemical oxid... more We report the synthesis of polyaniline/magnetite nanocomposites (PMNCs) via in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) at 5, 12, and 25 wt%. The objective was to evaluate how the MNPs’ proportion affects the electrical, magnetic, and structural properties, which were investigated using XRD, EDXRF, TEM, EIS, ESR spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and VSM. EDXRF confirmed the formation of MNPs, while XRD revealed the crystalline nature of MNPs and the semicrystalline structure of PANI, with a decrease crystallinity index as the MNPs percentage increased. TEM showed PANI encapsulating MNPs with average diameters of 9.7 ± 2, 9.9 ± 2, and 13.1 ± 3 nm for PMNC25, PMNC12, and PMNC5, respectively. Conductivity values of PANI, PMNC25, PMNC12 and PMNC5 were 7.96 ×10⁻⁴, 1.38 ×10⁻⁴, 2.19 ×10⁻⁴ and 2.31 ×10⁻⁴ S/cm, respectively. ESR indicated cationic radicals responsible for conductivity. Saturation magnetization (Ms) for MNPs, PMNC25, PMNC12 and PMNC5 were 93.4, 24.6, 11.8 and 5.6 emu/g, respectively, with superparamagnetic behavior observed. Our findings show that incorporating MNPs into the PANI matrix modulates electrical conductivity and magnetic properties while maintaining the nanocomposite’s structure, highlighting the multifunctional potential of these composites.
In contemporary times, regulations have been established to govern access and integration of elec... more In contemporary times, regulations have been established to govern access and integration of electric vehicles, which hold immense potential in mitigating the adverse impacts of transportation arising from escalating mobility demands and rapid urbanization. Nevertheless, their implementation poses intricate challenges due to the multifaceted nature of sustainability and other complexities, as they are considered a prospective solution to address the pressing issue of climate change and achieve holistic sustainability. Moreover, this study elucidates the methodological approach employed for selecting a comprehensive set of criteria to be considered in energy planning initiatives involving the incorporation of electric vehicles, encompassing both renewable and conventional energy sources. The selection process was informed through a thorough review of existing literature and the insightful input from experts, utilizing the Likert scale and arithmetic mean as reference benchmarks. The outcomes of this research have yielded the identification of 27 sub-criteria, categorized into five distinct groups: technical, economic, social, environmental, and risk-related factors, thereby enabling a comprehensive evaluation of energy planning projects associated with the adoption of electric vehicles. The findings derived from employing the hierarchical analytical process with fuzzy logic FAHP highlight the considerable potential of most criteria and sub-criteria in devising effective measures. Notably, criteria related to policy-governance and environmental aspects emerged as the most influential, according to the collective expertise of the consulted group. This study significantly contributes to enhancing sustainable mobility and advancing progress towards attaining sustainable development goals. By delineating pertinent criteria and sub-criteria for the planning process, this research augments the literature dedicated to supporting informed decision-making in sustainable transportation, particularly through the potential application of a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method.
In contemporary times, regulations have been established to govern access and integration of elec... more In contemporary times, regulations have been established to govern access and integration of electric vehicles, which hold immense potential in mitigating the adverse impacts of transportation arising from escalating mobility demands and rapid urbanization. Nevertheless, their implementation poses intricate challenges due to the multifaceted nature of sustainability and other complexities, as they are considered a prospective solution to address the pressing issue of climate change and achieve holistic sustainability. Moreover, this study elucidates the methodological approach employed for selecting a comprehensive set of criteria to be considered in energy planning initiatives involving the incorporation of electric vehicles, encompassing both renewable and conventional energy sources. The selection process was informed through a thorough review of existing literature and the insightful input from experts, utilizing the Likert scale and arithmetic mean as reference benchmarks. The outcomes of this research have yielded the identification of 27 sub-criteria, categorized into five distinct groups: technical, economic, social, environmental, and risk-related factors, thereby enabling a comprehensive evaluation of energy planning projects associated with the adoption of electric vehicles. The findings derived from employing the hierarchical analytical process with fuzzy logic FAHP highlight the considerable potential of most criteria and sub-criteria in devising effective measures. Notably, criteria related to policy-governance and environmental aspects emerged as the most influential, according to the collective expertise of the consulted group. This study significantly contributes to enhancing sustainable mobility and advancing progress towards attaining sustainable development goals. By delineating pertinent criteria and sub-criteria for the planning process, this research augments the literature dedicated to supporting informed decision-making in sustainable transportation, particularly through the potential application of a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Jul 9, 2023
Colombia is a country that is characterized by having potential in many renewable and sustainable... more Colombia is a country that is characterized by having potential in many renewable and sustainable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, etc., in this country the growth value of renewable energy (ER) has not yet reached a benchmark, this due to the existence of several barriers or limitations that have hindered the path of research and implementation. It is difficult to identify and prioritize the impact of these barriers that mostly hinder growth or improvement in the quality of life of a specific population. For this research, a systematic structure has been developed to identify and prioritize the barriers and manage to find a solution path to the aforementioned. This study aims to recognize and classify the barriers according to their impact on the development of renewable energy technologies, as well as demonstrate the non-relationship that may exist between a territory rich in energy potential and the good quality of life of its inhabitants, the study consists of four phases; (1) A study area was taken for its characterization in renewable energy potential and compared with the current quality of its inhabitants, (2) The barriers were recognized from the available literature studies, project reports and interactions with 6 experts from academia and industries, (3) for the final selection, the FAHP decision method was used, then, 24 were selected and classified into five groups: social and economic barriers, political and, administrative and market barriers and geographical and environmental barriers and (4) the FAHP method was used to obtain the priority weight and the hierarchy between these barriers. The results showed first that there is no relationship indicating that a potential area in renewable energy source has a positive impact on people's quality of life, also that politics and political barriers occupies the first place among the main barriers, besides that corruption and nepotism is the most relevant sub-criterion according to the experts' results. Sensitivity analysis is used to confirm the stability of all prioritized barriers.
The process of transition from linear economy to the circular economy has shown progress in other... more The process of transition from linear economy to the circular economy has shown progress in other countries thanks to the strategies implemented, by analyzing these from the perspective of some authors, it was possible to identify which ones can be replicated in the country. The approach of this article is qualitative of a proactive documentary type with an inductive method, the sources were secondary, from databases such as Dialnet, Scielo, Academic Google, repository of universities, books, foundation reports and DANE reports, also information was obtained from a primary source through a dialogue whit recyclers and owners of warehouses in the village of La Playa and Barranquilla. Through the sources, essential strategies for sustainable development in Colombia were analyzed, such as: pedagogical strategies focused on changing the behavior of the various sectors of the community through educational campaigns, technological innovation strategies that allow the development of consumer goods that generate the least environmental impact, and social strategies. It was concluded that eco-design, the implementation of innovative technology and access to loans for circular activities are essential for the development of the model, in addition, successful experiences of developed countries in term of C.E can be replicated since they offer the opportunity to improved through pedagogical technological and social strategies.
Simultaneous applications of fins and nanomaterials in phase change materials: A comprehensive review
Energy Reports, Nov 1, 2023
Irregular nature of renewable energies namely solar and wind entails making use of storage units ... more Irregular nature of renewable energies namely solar and wind entails making use of storage units to improve the reliability of the designed systems and enhance the overall performance and output. In conditions of applying thermal energy technologies like solar thermal power plants and solar collectors, storage systems with ability of storing energy in thermal form are employed. In general, due to some advantages of latent heat thermal energy storage mainly known as Phase Change Material (PCM), like high heat capacity, these types of storage materials are widely used in thermal systems. In addition to energy storage, PCMs are utilizable for some other purposes namely device thermal management like solar PV/Thermal systems. In spite of benefits of PCMs in term of capacity of storage, low thermal conductivity is one the main disadvantages of them. Some techniques and approaches like utilization of nanomaterials, fins and foams are suggested to resolve this issue. The aim of current study is to review the research works on the simultaneous applications of fins and nanomaterials in PCMs. With respect to the findings of the research works it can be stated that there is significant potential in improvement of phase change rate by simultaneous usage of both fins and nanomaterials. The rate of phase change in these cases can be affected by the type of nanomaterials and the characteristics of the fins.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Nov 28, 2022
This work quantifies the evolution in the implementation and development of renewable energies in... more This work quantifies the evolution in the implementation and development of renewable energies in Colombia, as well as evidence the current challenges and development prospects. The high demand for electricity in Colombia is increasing due to the great increase in population, industry and commerce, which generates greater energy consumption and as a consequence economic, social and environmental problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the energy projects submitted to the Mining Energy Planning Group (UPME) during the last 15 years until July 2022, as well as to study the research areas with the highest performance. Technology and the corresponding radiation intensity in addition, it shows an historic information about the projects presented both not in force as of the date of closing of this investigation, classified according to their source, according to their range of power and according to its stage of implementation, finally, we made a synthesis of the new regulations governing the motivation and implementation of projects with renewable energy sources, being as this work a very good source of reference for further studies of the implementation of renewable energy sources in Colombia.
Implementación de un sistema de adquisición de datos, Convertidor Análogo Digital (CAD) de 16 Bits a bajo ruido
Revista Agunkuyâa, Jul 1, 2021
Simultaneous applications of fins and nanomaterials in phase change materials: A comprehensive review
Energy Reports
Irregular nature of renewable energies namely solar and wind entails making use of storage units ... more Irregular nature of renewable energies namely solar and wind entails making use of storage units to improve the reliability of the designed systems and enhance the overall performance and output. In conditions of applying thermal energy technologies like solar thermal power plants and solar collectors, storage systems with ability of storing energy in thermal form are employed. In general, due to some advantages of latent heat thermal energy storage mainly known as Phase Change Material (PCM), like high heat capacity, these types of storage materials are widely used in thermal systems. In addition to energy storage, PCMs are utilizable for some other purposes namely device thermal management like solar PV/Thermal systems. In spite of benefits of PCMs in term of capacity of storage, low thermal conductivity is one the main disadvantages of them. Some techniques and approaches like utilization of nanomaterials, fins and foams are suggested to resolve this issue. The aim of current study is to review the research works on the simultaneous applications of fins and nanomaterials in PCMs. With respect to the findings of the research works it can be stated that there is significant potential in improvement of phase change rate by simultaneous usage of both fins and nanomaterials. The rate of phase change in these cases can be affected by the type of nanomaterials and the characteristics of the fins.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Nov 28, 2022
This work quantifies the evolution in the implementation and development of renewable energies in... more This work quantifies the evolution in the implementation and development of renewable energies in Colombia, as well as evidence the current challenges and development prospects. The high demand for electricity in Colombia is increasing due to the great increase in population, industry and commerce, which generates greater energy consumption and as a consequence economic, social and environmental problems. The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of the energy projects submitted to the Mining Energy Planning Group (UPME) during the last 15 years until July 2022, as well as to study the research areas with the highest performance. Technology and the corresponding radiation intensity in addition, it shows an historic information about the projects presented both not in force as of the date of closing of this investigation, classified according to their source, according to their range of power and according to its stage of implementation, finally, we made a synthesis of the new regulations governing the motivation and implementation of projects with renewable energy sources, being as this work a very good source of reference for further studies of the implementation of renewable energy sources in Colombia.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
This research presents the process and the results to weigh and classify a set of criteria and su... more This research presents the process and the results to weigh and classify a set of criteria and subcriteria to be considered in Renewable Energy Planning projects for a particular area of Colombia. The implementation of electrification programs in the study area faces various obstacles, among them the inadequate selection of criteria and sub-criteria for assessing the relevance and credibility of the implemented projects, which is very important today, causing huge losses from many points of view. It is proposed to implement a multicriteria methodology (MMCM) that prioritizes criteria and subcriteria, the selected methodology is applied to the use of renewable and conventional energy sources in urban, rural,and isolated regions, one of the most used methods in the best selection process and also when making energy decisions. The Hierarchy Analysis Process (AHP) is used, the data is obtained from a survey to a group of experts with a collection and verification period of about 4 month...
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
In this study, the methodology of the Analytical Hierarchy Process with fuzzy logic (FAHP) is imp... more In this study, the methodology of the Analytical Hierarchy Process with fuzzy logic (FAHP) is implemented to provide decision criteria in the selection, planning and development of electric power generation projects from renewable energy sources in the insular regions of Colombia. In this study, six renewable energy sources were considered, biomass combustion, anaerobic digestion of biomass, biogas landfills, waste incineration, photovoltaic energy and hydrogen-generated energy, due to their energy potential in insular areas and not interconnected with the national electricity system. To determine the order of priority in the development of energy conversion technologies, a questionnaire was drawn up and sent to a group of experts. Given the need to generate electricity in a sustainable way, the information was analyzed under four main criteria: technical, environmental, social and economic. Sixteen additional subcriteria were selected based on a literature review. In general, the e...
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Papers by Christian M A N U E L Moreno Rocha