Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosologica... more Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosological significance of irritability. Of particular interest is whether severe mood dysregulation (SMD), characterized by severe non-episodic irritability, hyperarousal, and hyper-reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, is a developmental presentation of pediatric BD and, therefore, whether the two conditions are pathophysiologically similar. We administered the affective Posner paradigm, an attentional task with a condition involving blocked goal attainment via rigged feedback. The sample included 60 youth (20 BD, 20 SMD, and 20 controls) ages 8-17. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) examined neuronal activity (4-50 Hz) following negative versus positive feedback. We also examined reaction time (RT), response accuracy, and self-reported affect. Both BD and SMD youth reported being less happy than controls during the rigged condition. Also, SMD youth reported greater arousal following negative feedback than both BD and controls, and they responded to negative feedback with significantly greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. Compared to SMD and controls, BD youth displayed greater superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation and decreased insula activation following negative feedback. Data suggest a greater negative affective response to blocked goal attainment in SMD versus BD and control youth. This occurs in tandem with hyperactivation of medial frontal regions in SMD youth, while BD youth show dysfunction in the
Attention is a neurocognitive mechanism that selects task-relevant sensory or mnemonic informatio... more Attention is a neurocognitive mechanism that selects task-relevant sensory or mnemonic information to achieve current behavioral goals. Attentional modulation of cortical activity has been observed when attention is directed to specific locations, features, or objects. However, little is known about how high-level categorization task set modulates perceptual representations. In the current study, observers categorized faces by gender (male vs. female) or race (Asian vs. White). Each face was perceptually ambiguous in both dimensions, such that categorization of one dimension demanded selective attention to task-relevant information within the face. We used multivoxel pattern classification to show that task-specific modulations evoke reliably distinct spatial patterns of activity within three face-selective cortical regions (right fusiform face area and bilateral occipital face areas). This result suggests that patterns of activity in these regions reflect not only stimulus-specific...
Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar di... more Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is being diagnosed at increasingly high rates in children and adolescents. To clarify the nosological boundaries of the disorder, studies of the clinical presentation of bipolar youth should be complemented with examinations of cognitive and neural functioning. More specifically, delineating the neurocognitive functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli may best elucidate how certain emotional contexts elicit symptoms that characterize pediatric BD. This information has the potential to clarify causes of pediatric BD, and to confirm the diagnosis of BD in youth. In this article, we discuss the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli. We focus on studies that have employed paradigms involving pictures and words with emotional valence, faces with emotional expressions, and responses to ...
Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar di... more Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is being diagnosed at increasingly high rates in children and adolescents. To clarify the nosological boundaries of the disorder, studies of the clinical presentation of bipolar youth should be complemented with examinations of cognitive and neural functioning. More specifically, delineating the neurocognitive functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli may best elucidate how certain emotional contexts elicit symptoms that characterize pediatric BD. This information has the potential to clarify causes of pediatric BD, and to confirm the diagnosis of BD in youth. In this article, we discuss the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli. We focus on studies that have employed paradigms involving pictures and words with emotional valence, faces with emotional expressions, and responses to ...
Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosologica... more Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosological significance of irritability. Of particular interest is whether severe mood dysregulation (SMD), characterized by severe non-episodic irritability, hyperarousal, and hyper-reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, is a developmental presentation of pediatric BD and, therefore, whether the two conditions are pathophysiologically similar. We administered the affective Posner paradigm, an attentional task with a condition involving blocked goal attainment via rigged feedback. The sample included 60 youth (20 BD, 20 SMD, and 20 controls) ages 8-17. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) examined neuronal activity (4-50 Hz) following negative versus positive feedback. We also examined reaction time (RT), response accuracy, and self-reported affect. Both BD and SMD youth reported being less happy than controls during the rigged condition. Also, SMD youth reported greater arousal following negative feedback than both BD and controls, and they responded to negative feedback with significantly greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. Compared to SMD and controls, BD youth displayed greater superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation and decreased insula activation following negative feedback. Data suggest a greater negative affective response to blocked goal attainment in SMD versus BD and control youth. This occurs in tandem with hyperactivation of medial frontal regions in SMD youth, while BD youth show dysfunction in the SFG and insula. Data add to a growing empirical base that differentiates pediatric BD and SMD and begin to elucidate potential neural mechanisms of irritability.
Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar di... more Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is being diagnosed at increasingly high rates in children and adolescents. To clarify the nosological boundaries of the disorder, studies of the clinical presentation of bipolar youth should be complemented with examinations of cognitive and neural functioning. More specifically, delineating the neurocognitive functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli may best elucidate how certain emotional contexts elicit symptoms that characterize pediatric BD. This information has the potential to clarify causes of pediatric BD, and to confirm the diagnosis of BD in youth. In this article, we discuss the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli. We focus on studies that have employed paradigms involving pictures and words with emotional valence, faces with emotional expressions, and responses to ...
Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosologica... more Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosological significance of irritability. Of particular interest is whether severe mood dysregulation (SMD), characterized by severe non-episodic irritability, hyperarousal, and hyper-reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, is a developmental presentation of pediatric BD and, therefore, whether the two conditions are pathophysiologically similar. We administered the affective Posner paradigm, an attentional task with a condition involving blocked goal attainment via rigged feedback. The sample included 60 youth (20 BD, 20 SMD, and 20 controls) ages 8-17. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) examined neuronal activity (4-50 Hz) following negative versus positive feedback. We also examined reaction time (RT), response accuracy, and self-reported affect. Both BD and SMD youth reported being less happy than controls during the rigged condition. Also, SMD youth reported greater arousal following negative feedback than both BD and controls, and they responded to negative feedback with significantly greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. Compared to SMD and controls, BD youth displayed greater superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation and decreased insula activation following negative feedback. Data suggest a greater negative affective response to blocked goal attainment in SMD versus BD and control youth. This occurs in tandem with hyperactivation of medial frontal regions in SMD youth, while BD youth show dysfunction in the
Attention is a neurocognitive mechanism that selects task-relevant sensory or mnemonic informatio... more Attention is a neurocognitive mechanism that selects task-relevant sensory or mnemonic information to achieve current behavioral goals. Attentional modulation of cortical activity has been observed when attention is directed to specific locations, features, or objects. However, little is known about how high-level categorization task set modulates perceptual representations. In the current study, observers categorized faces by gender (male vs. female) or race (Asian vs. White). Each face was perceptually ambiguous in both dimensions, such that categorization of one dimension demanded selective attention to task-relevant information within the face. We used multivoxel pattern classification to show that task-specific modulations evoke reliably distinct spatial patterns of activity within three face-selective cortical regions (right fusiform face area and bilateral occipital face areas). This result suggests that patterns of activity in these regions reflect not only stimulus-specific...
Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar di... more Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is being diagnosed at increasingly high rates in children and adolescents. To clarify the nosological boundaries of the disorder, studies of the clinical presentation of bipolar youth should be complemented with examinations of cognitive and neural functioning. More specifically, delineating the neurocognitive functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli may best elucidate how certain emotional contexts elicit symptoms that characterize pediatric BD. This information has the potential to clarify causes of pediatric BD, and to confirm the diagnosis of BD in youth. In this article, we discuss the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli. We focus on studies that have employed paradigms involving pictures and words with emotional valence, faces with emotional expressions, and responses to ...
Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar di... more Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is being diagnosed at increasingly high rates in children and adolescents. To clarify the nosological boundaries of the disorder, studies of the clinical presentation of bipolar youth should be complemented with examinations of cognitive and neural functioning. More specifically, delineating the neurocognitive functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli may best elucidate how certain emotional contexts elicit symptoms that characterize pediatric BD. This information has the potential to clarify causes of pediatric BD, and to confirm the diagnosis of BD in youth. In this article, we discuss the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli. We focus on studies that have employed paradigms involving pictures and words with emotional valence, faces with emotional expressions, and responses to ...
Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosologica... more Questions persist regarding the presentation of bipolar disorder (BD) in youth and the nosological significance of irritability. Of particular interest is whether severe mood dysregulation (SMD), characterized by severe non-episodic irritability, hyperarousal, and hyper-reactivity to negative emotional stimuli, is a developmental presentation of pediatric BD and, therefore, whether the two conditions are pathophysiologically similar. We administered the affective Posner paradigm, an attentional task with a condition involving blocked goal attainment via rigged feedback. The sample included 60 youth (20 BD, 20 SMD, and 20 controls) ages 8-17. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) examined neuronal activity (4-50 Hz) following negative versus positive feedback. We also examined reaction time (RT), response accuracy, and self-reported affect. Both BD and SMD youth reported being less happy than controls during the rigged condition. Also, SMD youth reported greater arousal following negative feedback than both BD and controls, and they responded to negative feedback with significantly greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and medial frontal gyrus (MFG) than controls. Compared to SMD and controls, BD youth displayed greater superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activation and decreased insula activation following negative feedback. Data suggest a greater negative affective response to blocked goal attainment in SMD versus BD and control youth. This occurs in tandem with hyperactivation of medial frontal regions in SMD youth, while BD youth show dysfunction in the SFG and insula. Data add to a growing empirical base that differentiates pediatric BD and SMD and begin to elucidate potential neural mechanisms of irritability.
Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar di... more Despite low prevalence rates in epidemiological studies, recent research suggests that bipolar disorder (BD) is being diagnosed at increasingly high rates in children and adolescents. To clarify the nosological boundaries of the disorder, studies of the clinical presentation of bipolar youth should be complemented with examinations of cognitive and neural functioning. More specifically, delineating the neurocognitive functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli may best elucidate how certain emotional contexts elicit symptoms that characterize pediatric BD. This information has the potential to clarify causes of pediatric BD, and to confirm the diagnosis of BD in youth. In this article, we discuss the affective, behavioral, cognitive, and neurological functioning of youth with BD when processing emotional stimuli. We focus on studies that have employed paradigms involving pictures and words with emotional valence, faces with emotional expressions, and responses to ...
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Papers by Heather Rosen