... Page précédente. Les arrangements de proximité pour accéder à l'eau d'irrigation. K... more ... Page précédente. Les arrangements de proximité pour accéder à l'eau d'irrigation. Kuper M., Boudjellal AA, Hartani T.. 2010. In : Imache Amar, Hartani Tarik, Bouarfa Sami, Kuper Marcel. La Mitidja 20 ans après. Réalités agricoles aux portes d'Alger. Alger : Ed. Alpha, p. 69-76. ...
Irrigation designers generally do not target smallholders for drip irrigation and their standard ... more Irrigation designers generally do not target smallholders for drip irrigation and their standard low-cost kits are often ill suited to smallholders' diverse and evolving requirements. Incremental farmer-led innovation of drip irrigation may be more suitable for small-scale farmers. This chapter describes the different farmer-led adaptations of drip irrigation systems in greenhouse horticulture in the Algerian Sahara, in particular, locally built water towers to regulate pressure and facilitate the organisation of water turns, and micro-fertigation units catering to individual greenhouses. These adaptations have gradually been improved through re-engineering, and disseminated through networks of users and innovation intermediaries. This "innovation factory" not only produces technical innovations, but also local actors capable of adapting technology to new situations. (Resume d'auteur)
This paper is motivated by the pressing need to understand how water use and irrigated agricultur... more This paper is motivated by the pressing need to understand how water use and irrigated agriculture can be transformed in the interests of both social and environmental sustainability. How can such change come about? In particular, given the generally mixed results of simplified, state-initiated projects of social engineering, what is the potential for transformations in societal regimes of governance to be anchored in the everyday practices of farmers? In this paper, we address these enduring questions in novel ways. We argue that the concept of bricolage, commonly applied to analysing community management of resources, can be developed and deployed to explain broad societal processes of change. To illustrate this, we draw on case studies of irrigated agriculture in Saharan areas of Algeria and in the occupied Golan Heights in Syria. Our case analysis offers insights into how processes of institutional, technological and ideational bricolage entwine, how the state becomes implicated...
Drip irrigation is widely used in a range of different farming systems. Farmers generally adapt d... more Drip irrigation is widely used in a range of different farming systems. Farmers generally adapt drip irrigation systems to their specific conditions. Irrigation performance is usually related to the hydraulic parameters of drip irrigation, and is usually expressed as a single static value. We developed a comprehensive approach to account for irrigation performance as a dynamic process, which evolves continuously due to changes in the way farmers schedule irrigation and renew irrigation equipment. The performance of drip irrigation systems used for greenhouse horticulture was evaluated in south‐east Algeria in the 2012–2013 growing season. Two indicators were evaluated—distribution uniformity and water stress level. The approach was applied to 25 greenhouses owned by 13 farmers. Results revealed that the performance of drip irrigation systems is a dynamic process. We showed that farmers have integrated certain irrigation performance indicators such as distribution uniformity and wate...
Modeling is one of the available tools to manage irrigation and to forecast crop yields. The purp... more Modeling is one of the available tools to manage irrigation and to forecast crop yields. The purpose of this study was to adapt, calibrate, and validate the PILOTE model on globe artichokes (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) under drip irrigation in the Lower Cheliff Plain (Algeria) in two seasons
User-led innovation is increasingly happening in a globalized context, connecting local experienc... more User-led innovation is increasingly happening in a globalized context, connecting local experience to outside ideas, knowledge, and technologies. Alternatively, local innovations designed, manufactured and marketed for a particular context travel to other settings. We analyze the diffusion of a low-cost artisanal irrigation pivot from the Suf Valley (Algeria) to other Saharan regions and even to Saudi Arabia and Sudan. We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with manufacturers, farmers, government agents, and made field observations on 18 farms in 2020/2021. The diffusion of the pivot was enabled by extending the innovation system to trusted innovation intermediaries in new settings, who played an active role in adapting the technology and support services to local agrarian systems. However, while the innovation homeland can be considered an open innovation environment, manufacturing and after-sales services in the new settings were tightly controlled by manufacturers to secure i...
Cartographie des états de surface et évaluation des risques de la salinisation des sols de la pla... more Cartographie des états de surface et évaluation des risques de la salinisation des sols de la plaine du Bas Cheliff par couplage entre la télédétection et le Modèle Numérique de Terrain. Dédicaces Je remercie dieu le tous puissant de m'avoir aidé à l'élaboration de ce modeste travail, ainsi que les personnes qui ont contribué de prés ou de loin qu'ils trouvent ici le témoignage de ma gratitude. Je dédie ce présent mémoire :-A la mémoire de ma mère que dieu l'héberge dans ses vastes paradis.-A mon très chère père, pour ces encouragements et son aide.-A mes frères et soeurs en particulier : M'hamed, Maamar, Aicha et Khayr-Eddine.-A ma femme, pour son soutien moral que je suis très reconnaissant.-A toute ma famille.
The perimeter of Habra covers an area of 21210 ha, equipped on 19630 ha. Founded in 1940, it is p... more The perimeter of Habra covers an area of 21210 ha, equipped on 19630 ha. Founded in 1940, it is part of the northern plain of the Macta in the Wilaya of Mascara. It is one of the most important perimeters of the Oran region. At the beginning of the 1960s, this perimeter received water quantities of around 80 Gestion concertée de l’eau des grands périmètres irrigués. Cas de la plaine de Habra (Nord-Ouest algérien) 123 million M3 / year. Since the creation of the Office that manages water from irrigated areas during the 1980s, the quotas allocated to irrigation of all irrigable areas did not exceed 32 million M3 / year. This reduction, due to the insufficiency of the resource caused by the drought that has served over the Oran region for two decades and by the allocation of water in priority to domestic use. The consultation between the irrigators' associations and the water management organization remains the only way and hope for farmers, allowing them to maintain their citrus o...
In this paper, we examine the greenhouse horticulture in Algeria's Sahara, which is one illustrat... more In this paper, we examine the greenhouse horticulture in Algeria's Sahara, which is one illustrative example of the agricultural transitions that have taken place in North Africa on the new irrigation frontiers created through groundwater use. The entrepreneurial farming systems in the region are characterized by considerable mobility. Geographic mobilities of people, ideas, capital, information, and objects and socio-professional mobilities are intrinsically intertwined, whereby skilled sharecroppers and laborers move sometimes over hundreds of kilometers, attracted by the opportunities of quick monetary gains and by the opportunities of rapid socio-professional upward mobility. This paper analyzes, first the different forms of socio-professional and geographical mobilities associated with the groundwater-based farming systems in Algeria's Sahara, with a particular focus on mobile young farmers; then focuses on the multiple borders that these young farmers crossed on their trajectory; and their return journey after they quit the Sahara.
... Page précédente. Les arrangements de proximité pour accéder à l'eau d'irrigation. K... more ... Page précédente. Les arrangements de proximité pour accéder à l'eau d'irrigation. Kuper M., Boudjellal AA, Hartani T.. 2010. In : Imache Amar, Hartani Tarik, Bouarfa Sami, Kuper Marcel. La Mitidja 20 ans après. Réalités agricoles aux portes d'Alger. Alger : Ed. Alpha, p. 69-76. ...
Irrigation designers generally do not target smallholders for drip irrigation and their standard ... more Irrigation designers generally do not target smallholders for drip irrigation and their standard low-cost kits are often ill suited to smallholders' diverse and evolving requirements. Incremental farmer-led innovation of drip irrigation may be more suitable for small-scale farmers. This chapter describes the different farmer-led adaptations of drip irrigation systems in greenhouse horticulture in the Algerian Sahara, in particular, locally built water towers to regulate pressure and facilitate the organisation of water turns, and micro-fertigation units catering to individual greenhouses. These adaptations have gradually been improved through re-engineering, and disseminated through networks of users and innovation intermediaries. This "innovation factory" not only produces technical innovations, but also local actors capable of adapting technology to new situations. (Resume d'auteur)
This paper is motivated by the pressing need to understand how water use and irrigated agricultur... more This paper is motivated by the pressing need to understand how water use and irrigated agriculture can be transformed in the interests of both social and environmental sustainability. How can such change come about? In particular, given the generally mixed results of simplified, state-initiated projects of social engineering, what is the potential for transformations in societal regimes of governance to be anchored in the everyday practices of farmers? In this paper, we address these enduring questions in novel ways. We argue that the concept of bricolage, commonly applied to analysing community management of resources, can be developed and deployed to explain broad societal processes of change. To illustrate this, we draw on case studies of irrigated agriculture in Saharan areas of Algeria and in the occupied Golan Heights in Syria. Our case analysis offers insights into how processes of institutional, technological and ideational bricolage entwine, how the state becomes implicated...
Drip irrigation is widely used in a range of different farming systems. Farmers generally adapt d... more Drip irrigation is widely used in a range of different farming systems. Farmers generally adapt drip irrigation systems to their specific conditions. Irrigation performance is usually related to the hydraulic parameters of drip irrigation, and is usually expressed as a single static value. We developed a comprehensive approach to account for irrigation performance as a dynamic process, which evolves continuously due to changes in the way farmers schedule irrigation and renew irrigation equipment. The performance of drip irrigation systems used for greenhouse horticulture was evaluated in south‐east Algeria in the 2012–2013 growing season. Two indicators were evaluated—distribution uniformity and water stress level. The approach was applied to 25 greenhouses owned by 13 farmers. Results revealed that the performance of drip irrigation systems is a dynamic process. We showed that farmers have integrated certain irrigation performance indicators such as distribution uniformity and wate...
Modeling is one of the available tools to manage irrigation and to forecast crop yields. The purp... more Modeling is one of the available tools to manage irrigation and to forecast crop yields. The purpose of this study was to adapt, calibrate, and validate the PILOTE model on globe artichokes (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) under drip irrigation in the Lower Cheliff Plain (Algeria) in two seasons
User-led innovation is increasingly happening in a globalized context, connecting local experienc... more User-led innovation is increasingly happening in a globalized context, connecting local experience to outside ideas, knowledge, and technologies. Alternatively, local innovations designed, manufactured and marketed for a particular context travel to other settings. We analyze the diffusion of a low-cost artisanal irrigation pivot from the Suf Valley (Algeria) to other Saharan regions and even to Saudi Arabia and Sudan. We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with manufacturers, farmers, government agents, and made field observations on 18 farms in 2020/2021. The diffusion of the pivot was enabled by extending the innovation system to trusted innovation intermediaries in new settings, who played an active role in adapting the technology and support services to local agrarian systems. However, while the innovation homeland can be considered an open innovation environment, manufacturing and after-sales services in the new settings were tightly controlled by manufacturers to secure i...
Cartographie des états de surface et évaluation des risques de la salinisation des sols de la pla... more Cartographie des états de surface et évaluation des risques de la salinisation des sols de la plaine du Bas Cheliff par couplage entre la télédétection et le Modèle Numérique de Terrain. Dédicaces Je remercie dieu le tous puissant de m'avoir aidé à l'élaboration de ce modeste travail, ainsi que les personnes qui ont contribué de prés ou de loin qu'ils trouvent ici le témoignage de ma gratitude. Je dédie ce présent mémoire :-A la mémoire de ma mère que dieu l'héberge dans ses vastes paradis.-A mon très chère père, pour ces encouragements et son aide.-A mes frères et soeurs en particulier : M'hamed, Maamar, Aicha et Khayr-Eddine.-A ma femme, pour son soutien moral que je suis très reconnaissant.-A toute ma famille.
The perimeter of Habra covers an area of 21210 ha, equipped on 19630 ha. Founded in 1940, it is p... more The perimeter of Habra covers an area of 21210 ha, equipped on 19630 ha. Founded in 1940, it is part of the northern plain of the Macta in the Wilaya of Mascara. It is one of the most important perimeters of the Oran region. At the beginning of the 1960s, this perimeter received water quantities of around 80 Gestion concertée de l’eau des grands périmètres irrigués. Cas de la plaine de Habra (Nord-Ouest algérien) 123 million M3 / year. Since the creation of the Office that manages water from irrigated areas during the 1980s, the quotas allocated to irrigation of all irrigable areas did not exceed 32 million M3 / year. This reduction, due to the insufficiency of the resource caused by the drought that has served over the Oran region for two decades and by the allocation of water in priority to domestic use. The consultation between the irrigators' associations and the water management organization remains the only way and hope for farmers, allowing them to maintain their citrus o...
In this paper, we examine the greenhouse horticulture in Algeria's Sahara, which is one illustrat... more In this paper, we examine the greenhouse horticulture in Algeria's Sahara, which is one illustrative example of the agricultural transitions that have taken place in North Africa on the new irrigation frontiers created through groundwater use. The entrepreneurial farming systems in the region are characterized by considerable mobility. Geographic mobilities of people, ideas, capital, information, and objects and socio-professional mobilities are intrinsically intertwined, whereby skilled sharecroppers and laborers move sometimes over hundreds of kilometers, attracted by the opportunities of quick monetary gains and by the opportunities of rapid socio-professional upward mobility. This paper analyzes, first the different forms of socio-professional and geographical mobilities associated with the groundwater-based farming systems in Algeria's Sahara, with a particular focus on mobile young farmers; then focuses on the multiple borders that these young farmers crossed on their trajectory; and their return journey after they quit the Sahara.
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