Complexity science is often seen as the science of emerging non-linear phenomena. In this paper w... more Complexity science is often seen as the science of emerging non-linear phenomena. In this paper we discuss some emerging aspects of non-linear solutions in physics. These solutions owe their elegance and simplicity to the complex non-linear structure of the equations, a structure which is dictated by the symmetries of physics. A central theme in these non-linear solutions is that the magnitude of the driving term (or the initial cause in more mundane language), is of little influence on the final solution. In linear approaches one would normally exploit the smallness of the source term by constructing solutions order by order. The non-linear solutions have a very different nature and cannot be constructed by such perturbative means. In contrast to certain other applications in complexity theory, these non-linear solutions are characterized by great stability. To go beyond the dominant non-perturbative solution one has to consider the source term as well. The parameter freedom in these equations can often be reduced by self-consistency requirements. We attempt to assess a possible role of this type of solutions in general complexity theory. In particular we stress the possibility that the complexity of the equations is beneficial rather than detrimental towards the solution of these non-linear equations, as long as this complexity reflects fundamental aspects or principles in the description of the system.
The CSIR has been involved in South African election night predictions since 1999 using a cluster... more The CSIR has been involved in South African election night predictions since 1999 using a cluster prediction model based on the segmentation of the electorate according to voting behavior. In this paper these clusters are exploited in another way. Different clusters are related to different demographic groups, and an analysis is made how these different groups change their affiliation between subsequent elections. The changes in affiliation are determined by calculating a trend matrix, a new tool in elections that was introduced by one of the authors a few years ago. By comparing trend matrices between municipal (2006, 2011) and national elections (2004 and 2009) one can establish whether the observed trends are incidental or have a more generic character. It is felt that a better understanding of the voter behavior through such analyses can enhance the value of elections and thereby promote democracy.
We develop a cosmological theory in which the evolution of the universe is controlled by the cosm... more We develop a cosmological theory in which the evolution of the universe is controlled by the cosmological constant and dominated by the associated vacuum energy. The universe starts as a classical de Sitter space with an infinite effective vacuum energy density, which decreases subsequently like t -3 . The corresponding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) scale factor also decreases over time, showing that the common assumption that it describes the expansion of the universe is incorrect and should be abandoned. Instead, the (cubic) expansion of the universe is needed to satisfy energy conservation. Once the vacuum energy density has decreased to the Planck level the first elementary particles can be created through a direct conversion of vacuum energy. After this epoch, the enormous kinetic energy enables a quick magnification of the number of particles through ordinary production processes in tandem with the expansion of space. The dominance of vacuum (dark) energy is supposed to persist into later epochs, which enables a perturbative treatment of matter and radiation leading to linear equations, which replace the usual FRW equations. The presence of matter changes the vacuum metric, inducing a secondary matter term which might explain the phenomenon of dark matter. Together with a similar induced radiation term, it provides a possible explanation for the recent acceleration of the expansion of the universe. The theory unifies particle physics and cosmology by expressing particle physics units in terms of the gravitational and cosmological constant. This relationship also explains a number of numerical coincidences which have long puzzled physicists.
We present a new form of the discrete Fourier transform, which has a clear physical meaning and c... more We present a new form of the discrete Fourier transform, which has a clear physical meaning and can be used for interpolation purposes. The relation to the continuous Fourier transform and the Fourier series is pointed out. We also discuss the operations of smoothing and filtering on this form of the discrete Fourier transform.
The University of Alberta/TRIUMF Workshop on "Studying Nuclei with Medium Energy Protons&quo... more The University of Alberta/TRIUMF Workshop on "Studying Nuclei with Medium Energy Protons" was held at the Westridge Park Lodge in Devon, about 25 km from Edmonton. The idea for this Workshop had been around for some time, when, in early 1983, it was formed into a concrete proposal as a result of the apparent need for an assessment of the future experimental facilities for proton physics at TRIUMF.
The 4 He(p,2p) 3 H reaction has been studied at 250, 350, and 500 MeV using coplanar symmetric an... more The 4 He(p,2p) 3 H reaction has been studied at 250, 350, and 500 MeV using coplanar symmetric and asymmetric geometries. The data are presented as energy-sharing spectra, coplanar symmetric angular distributions, and quasifree angular distributions. A comparison with distorted ...
We measured cross sections and analyzing powers for the 2H(n,n)2H and 2H(n,pn)n reactions at 189 ... more We measured cross sections and analyzing powers for the 2H(n,n)2H and 2H(n,pn)n reactions at 189 MeV at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF). These measurements are designed to search for evidence of three-body forces in the nuclear force and have the advantage that the Coulomb force is not involved. The analyzing-power measurements for the 2H(n,n)2H reaction are in close agreement with those from the analog 2H(p,p)2H reaction at nearby energies and do not agree quantiatively with available three-body, Faddeev calculations, either with or without three-body forces included. The 2H(n,pn)n measurements are still under analysis.
• Based on cluster decomposition of the Electorate • Will again be applied to 2006 Municipal Elec... more • Based on cluster decomposition of the Electorate • Will again be applied to 2006 Municipal Elections • On 1 March we will also apply trend predictions Slide 5
32nd Annual Southern African Transport Conference (SATC 2013), CSIR International Convention Cent... more 32nd Annual Southern African Transport Conference (SATC 2013), CSIR International Convention Centre, 8-11 July 2013.
Complexity science is often seen as the science of emerging non-linear phenomena. In this paper w... more Complexity science is often seen as the science of emerging non-linear phenomena. In this paper we discuss some emerging aspects of non-linear solutions in physics. These solutions owe their elegance and simplicity to the complex non-linear structure of the equations, a structure which is dictated by the symmetries of physics. A central theme in these non-linear solutions is that the magnitude of the driving term (or the initial cause in more mundane language), is of little influence on the final solution. In linear approaches one would normally exploit the smallness of the source term by constructing solutions order by order. The non-linear solutions have a very different nature and cannot be constructed by such perturbative means. In contrast to certain other applications in complexity theory, these non-linear solutions are characterized by great stability. To go beyond the dominant non-perturbative solution one has to consider the source term as well. The parameter freedom in these equations can often be reduced by self-consistency requirements. We attempt to assess a possible role of this type of solutions in general complexity theory. In particular we stress the possibility that the complexity of the equations is beneficial rather than detrimental towards the solution of these non-linear equations, as long as this complexity reflects fundamental aspects or principles in the description of the system.
The CSIR has been involved in South African election night predictions since 1999 using a cluster... more The CSIR has been involved in South African election night predictions since 1999 using a cluster prediction model based on the segmentation of the electorate according to voting behavior. In this paper these clusters are exploited in another way. Different clusters are related to different demographic groups, and an analysis is made how these different groups change their affiliation between subsequent elections. The changes in affiliation are determined by calculating a trend matrix, a new tool in elections that was introduced by one of the authors a few years ago. By comparing trend matrices between municipal (2006, 2011) and national elections (2004 and 2009) one can establish whether the observed trends are incidental or have a more generic character. It is felt that a better understanding of the voter behavior through such analyses can enhance the value of elections and thereby promote democracy.
We develop a cosmological theory in which the evolution of the universe is controlled by the cosm... more We develop a cosmological theory in which the evolution of the universe is controlled by the cosmological constant and dominated by the associated vacuum energy. The universe starts as a classical de Sitter space with an infinite effective vacuum energy density, which decreases subsequently like t -3 . The corresponding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) scale factor also decreases over time, showing that the common assumption that it describes the expansion of the universe is incorrect and should be abandoned. Instead, the (cubic) expansion of the universe is needed to satisfy energy conservation. Once the vacuum energy density has decreased to the Planck level the first elementary particles can be created through a direct conversion of vacuum energy. After this epoch, the enormous kinetic energy enables a quick magnification of the number of particles through ordinary production processes in tandem with the expansion of space. The dominance of vacuum (dark) energy is supposed to persist into later epochs, which enables a perturbative treatment of matter and radiation leading to linear equations, which replace the usual FRW equations. The presence of matter changes the vacuum metric, inducing a secondary matter term which might explain the phenomenon of dark matter. Together with a similar induced radiation term, it provides a possible explanation for the recent acceleration of the expansion of the universe. The theory unifies particle physics and cosmology by expressing particle physics units in terms of the gravitational and cosmological constant. This relationship also explains a number of numerical coincidences which have long puzzled physicists.
We present a new form of the discrete Fourier transform, which has a clear physical meaning and c... more We present a new form of the discrete Fourier transform, which has a clear physical meaning and can be used for interpolation purposes. The relation to the continuous Fourier transform and the Fourier series is pointed out. We also discuss the operations of smoothing and filtering on this form of the discrete Fourier transform.
The University of Alberta/TRIUMF Workshop on "Studying Nuclei with Medium Energy Protons&quo... more The University of Alberta/TRIUMF Workshop on "Studying Nuclei with Medium Energy Protons" was held at the Westridge Park Lodge in Devon, about 25 km from Edmonton. The idea for this Workshop had been around for some time, when, in early 1983, it was formed into a concrete proposal as a result of the apparent need for an assessment of the future experimental facilities for proton physics at TRIUMF.
The 4 He(p,2p) 3 H reaction has been studied at 250, 350, and 500 MeV using coplanar symmetric an... more The 4 He(p,2p) 3 H reaction has been studied at 250, 350, and 500 MeV using coplanar symmetric and asymmetric geometries. The data are presented as energy-sharing spectra, coplanar symmetric angular distributions, and quasifree angular distributions. A comparison with distorted ...
We measured cross sections and analyzing powers for the 2H(n,n)2H and 2H(n,pn)n reactions at 189 ... more We measured cross sections and analyzing powers for the 2H(n,n)2H and 2H(n,pn)n reactions at 189 MeV at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF). These measurements are designed to search for evidence of three-body forces in the nuclear force and have the advantage that the Coulomb force is not involved. The analyzing-power measurements for the 2H(n,n)2H reaction are in close agreement with those from the analog 2H(p,p)2H reaction at nearby energies and do not agree quantiatively with available three-body, Faddeev calculations, either with or without three-body forces included. The 2H(n,pn)n measurements are still under analysis.
• Based on cluster decomposition of the Electorate • Will again be applied to 2006 Municipal Elec... more • Based on cluster decomposition of the Electorate • Will again be applied to 2006 Municipal Elections • On 1 March we will also apply trend predictions Slide 5
32nd Annual Southern African Transport Conference (SATC 2013), CSIR International Convention Cent... more 32nd Annual Southern African Transport Conference (SATC 2013), CSIR International Convention Centre, 8-11 July 2013.
Uploads
Papers by Jan Greben