Papers by Hillary M Bortey
Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, 2021
Background: A preliminary study of the African eggplant seeds obtained from farmers sources recor... more Background: A preliminary study of the African eggplant seeds obtained from farmers sources recorded a wide variation in percentage germination under ambient conditions (25±2°C). The germination percentage ranged from 0% to 25%, while fresh seeds ranged between 53% and 87%. As temperature and light are important factors of seed germination, the current study investigated the effect of temperature on the germination pattern and the influence of light interaction with temperature on seed germination of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) under controlled conditions. Methods: Seeds of two cultivars of African eggplant were subjected to constant and alternating temperatures and under three light exposure regimes. Seed quality was accessed by per cent germination, mean germination time, time to reach 50% germination, germination index and mean daily germination. Result: The highest percentage germination under constant temperatures was recorded at 25°C (76%) and 20°C (74%). The max...
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2021
This work aimed at determining the optimum harvest time of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum ... more This work aimed at determining the optimum harvest time of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) seeds, cv. Oforiwa and cv. Kpando for maximum physiological seed quality under tropical (TCC) and temperate oceanic climatic (TOC) conditions. Fruit morphological metrics such as fruit weight and size were also related to seed physiological quality. Seeds were harvested at different maturation stages from 20 to 82 days after anthesis (DAA). Seed quality was assessed according to moisture content, dry seed weight, seed length, thousand seed weight, percentage germination and emergence. The results indicated that seeds harvested precociously (20 and 34 days after anthesis), did not germinate or recorded very low percentage germination (0-20%). Considering all the fruit morphological traits and seed quality variables measured, the results indicate that maximum seed quality (that is, germination, emergence, seed weight and mean germination time) are obtained from fruits harvested at 76 DAA. The physiological maturity (PM) (maximum seed dry weight) for cv. Oforiwa was attained at 62 DAA while cv. Kpando took 14 days more to reach physiological maturity but coincided with maximum germination at 76 DAA. The results further showed that fruit characteristics such as weight and size are associated with seed physiological quality in African eggplant. It is thus recommended that fruits of African eggplant cv. Oforiwa and cv. Kpando should be harvested at 70 to 76 DAA for maximum seed germination and emergence.
Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 2021
Seed extraction and drying methods are important procedures employed after harvesting fruits of A... more Seed extraction and drying methods are important procedures employed after harvesting fruits of African eggplant as these methods affect the seed quality. This study sought to evaluate the seed physiological quality of two cultivars of African eggplant subjected to various durations of natural fermentation and different drying methods. In the first study, fruits were fermented for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h before seed extraction. In the second experiment, seeds were extracted and subjected to sun/24 h; shade/24 h; shade/48 h; desiccant (silica gel)/24 h; shade/24 h + 30 °C oven (24 h); 30°C/24 h; 35 °C/24 h; 45 °C/24 h; 50°C/24 h and 60°C/24 h for drying. The seed quality evaluation were seed moisture content, seed dry weight, first count, seed germination and accelerated aging. The results suggest that African eggplant seeds do not require natural fermentation during extraction for enhanced seed germination. All drying methods were able to reduce seed moisture content to an ideal level for storage and maintained seed physiological quality. The latent effect of these methods on seed physiological quality needs to be studied.
Agricultural and Food Science Journal of Ghana., 2021
La germination finale exprimée en pourcentage seulement n'est pas satisfaisante pour la déclarati... more La germination finale exprimée en pourcentage seulement n'est pas satisfaisante pour la déclaration des résultats liés à la capacité de germination d'un lot de semences. L'information sur d'autres variables quantitatives est donc importante pour juger de la valeur agronomique d'un lot de semences. Pour évaluer les caractéristiques de germination des graines de l'aubergine africaine, les graines ont été extraites de fruits récoltés à différents stades de maturité produits sous des climats océaniques tropicaux et tempérés. Le comportement de germination des Résumé The final germination expressed as a percentage alone is unsatisfactory for reporting results related to the germination capacity of a seed lot. Information on other quantitative variables are thus important to judge the agronomic value of a seed lot. To evaluate the seed germination characteristics of the African eggplant, seeds were extracted from fruits harvested at different maturity stages produced under both tropical and temperate oceanic climates. The seed germination behaviour was assessed by germinability, germination rate, homogeneity and synchrony of the seed lots. The data for each environment was analyzed separately in a two-way ANOVA constituting harvesting maturity stages and cultivars as factors. The results showed that seed germinability increased with maturation and maximum when fruits were harvested 76 DAA under both climates. Seeds harvested precociously failed to germinate regardless of the production environment. All seed quantitative variables measured were positively related to the final seed germinability. The seed germination rates measurements significantly increased with seed maturity, indicating seed vigour and final germinability improves with maturation. Coefficient of variation of germination time (CVt) was a good measure of uniformity in seed germination. The results further showed a strong and positive correlation with seed germination parameters such as GI, GV, MDG, CVG and U to final germination. It is recommended that for maximum seed quality, fruits should be harvested at 76 DAA. It is further suggested that seed germination results should be enriched by measuring other quantitative parameters as it communicates different aspects of the germination process.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Research,, 2022
Background: A preliminary study of the African eggplant seeds obtained from farmers sources recor... more Background: A preliminary study of the African eggplant seeds obtained from farmers sources recorded a wide variation in percentage germination under ambient conditions (25±2C). The germination percentage ranged from 0% to 25%, while fresh seeds ranged between 53% and 87%. As temperature and light are important factors of seed germination, the current study investigated the effect of temperature on the germination pattern and the influence of light interaction with temperature on seed germination of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) under controlled conditions. Methods: Seeds of two cultivars of African eggplant were subjected to constant and alternating temperatures and under three light exposure regimes. Seed quality was accessed by per cent germination, mean germination time, time to reach 50% germination, germination index and mean daily germination. Result: The highest percentage germination under constant temperatures was recorded at 25C (76%) and 20C (74%). The maximum temperature and light conditions required for maximum seed germination quality (76-95%) at the shortest time (4-5 days) was 30/ 20C under alternating 8/16 hours light and dark.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2021
This work aimed at determining the optimum harvest time of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum ... more This work aimed at determining the optimum harvest time of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L.) seeds, cv. Oforiwa and cv. Kpando for maximum physiological seed quality under tropical (TCC) and temperate oceanic climatic (TOC) conditions. Fruit morphological metrics such as fruit weight and size were also related to seed physiological quality. Seeds were harvested at different maturation stages from 20 to 82 days after anthesis (DAA). Seed quality was assessed according to moisture content, dry seed weight, seed length, thousand seed weight, percentage germination and emergence. The results indicated that seeds harvested precociously (20 and 34 days after anthesis), did not germinate or recorded very low percentage germination (0-20%). Considering all the fruit morphological traits and seed quality variables measured, the results indicate that maximum seed quality (that is, germination, emergence, seed weight and mean germination time) are obtained from fruits harvested at 76 DAA. The physiological maturity (PM) (maximum seed dry weight) for cv. Oforiwa was attained at 62 DAA while cv. Kpando took 14 days more to reach physiological maturity but coincided with maximum germination at 76 DAA. The results further showed that fruit characteristics such as weight and size are associated with seed physiological quality in African eggplant. It is thus recommended that fruits of African eggplant cv. Oforiwa and cv. Kpando should be harvested at 70 to 76 DAA for maximum seed germination and emergence.
Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 2021
Seed extraction and drying methods are important procedures employed after harvesting fruits of A... more Seed extraction and drying methods are important procedures employed after harvesting fruits of African eggplant as these methods affect the seed quality. This study sought to evaluate the seed physiological quality of two cultivars of African eggplant subjected to various durations of natural fermentation and different drying methods. In the first study, fruits were fermented for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h before seed extraction. In the second experiment, seeds were extracted and subjected to sun/24 h; shade/24 h; shade/48 h; desiccant (silica gel)/24 h; shade/24 h + 30 °C oven (24 h); 30°C/24 h; 35 °C/24 h; 45 °C/24 h; 50°C/24 h and 60°C/24 h for drying. The seed quality evaluation were seed moisture content, seed dry weight, first count, seed germination and accelerated aging. The results suggest that African eggplant seeds do not require natural fermentation during extraction for enhanced seed germination. All drying methods were able to reduce seed moisture content to an ideal level for storage and maintained seed physiological quality. The latent effect of these methods on seed physiological quality needs to be studied.
This study assessed the level of awareness and knowledge among major stakeholders in the relevant... more This study assessed the level of awareness and knowledge among major stakeholders in the relevant sectors of agriculture on the Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBRs) Bill of Ghana and review the potential implication of adopting the PBRs system on food and seed security in Ghana based on stakeholders’ perception and case studies from other countries already implementing a PVP system. A field survey was conducted to administer questionnaires to participants comprising plant breeders, farmers, the general public, seed companies and Seed Producers Association, legal practitioners, National Research Institutions and the Registrar General’s Department (proposed regulatory body). The second part of the study is a review of historical data on PBRs system impact studies in Kenya, Tanzania and South Africa. The primary data were analysed using mainly descriptive statistics, employing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), while the secondary data was analysed, contextualized and narrated. T...
A farmer field survey in five agro-ecological zones, and laboratory and field experiments at the ... more A farmer field survey in five agro-ecological zones, and laboratory and field experiments at the CS1R-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi were carried out from May 2009 to February 2010. The objectives of the field survey were to (i) identifr farmers' sources of tomato seeds and (ii) determine the structures and practices employed in the storage of the saved seeds in the five agro-ecological zones. For the laboratory experiment, the objective was to assess the physical purity, health, vigour and germination capacity of the saved seeds. As regards the field experiment, the objective was to determine the effect of the quality of the saved seeds on tomato fruit yield. Fifty samples of farmer-saved tomato seeds were collected from hundred farmers randomly selected from twenty-nine communities, covering the five agro- ecological zones. Seed quality tests comprising purity, health, germination and vigour were performed The storage structures used by farmers comprised plastic bottles/bowl...
The Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2016
Tomato yield in Ghana is lower than potential of 15t/ha about 7.5t/ha which is also lower as com... more Tomato yield in Ghana is lower than potential of 15t/ha about 7.5t/ha which is also lower as compared to neighbouring countries like Burkina Faso, 12.5t/ha . This has resulted in importation of fresh tomatoes from neighboring countries, particularly Burkina Faso, a situation which is attributed to a number of constraints in the production and marketing chain. This study was conducted to identify the problems and suggest solutions to ameliorate same. Two hundred and forty (240) farmers in 24 communities in 12 districts, covering 5 agro-zones of Ghana were interviewed. Findings revealed that most farmers (52%) were still relying on their own stored seed for planting and 28% obtained seeds from the local market, accounting for over 80% reliance on informal seed sources. Majority of the famers (80%) indicated high cost of quality seed and unavailability of good seed of improved varieties, poor access and unreliable market for harvested tomato fruits, pest and disease build up as factor...
Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry, 2018
A study was carried out to determine the effects of seed desiccants on seed quality of three very... more A study was carried out to determine the effects of seed desiccants on seed quality of three very important indigenous forest tree species. The experimental period was December, 2015 to February, 2016. Seeds were collected from the Bobiri Forest Reserve. This Forest Reserve is located in the south-east sub-type of moist semi-deciduous (MSSE) forest in Ghana, covering an area of about 5,445 ha. It is located on the main Accra -Kumasi Highway at the village of Kubease, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) from Kumasi. Seed desiccation experiment was set up in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three (3) replications. Germination percentage, seed vigour, 1000 seed weight, moisture content, seed health analysis, carbohydrate, protein and oil contents were determined before and after seed desiccation. The study revealed that the Zeolite beads® dried the seeds of Pericopsis elata within 2 days and 3 days for Sterculia rhinopetala but Guarea cedrata seeds were dried within 12 days. This rate of drying was much faster than the rest of the desiccants without any deleterious effect on the physical and chemical properties of seeds. P. elata and S. rhinopetala showed orthodox seed storage behavior by surviving drying to a lower moisture content which can enhance their long term storability. G. cedrata seeds however, exhibited recalcitrant seed behaviour and lost viability significantly after desiccation. G. cedrata seeds unlike P. elata and S. rhinopetala cannot be dried to lower moisture contents and stored for longer period under ambient conditions.
Journal of Agricultural Science, 2016
This study was set to investigate the germinability and storability of the newly released cowpea ... more This study was set to investigate the germinability and storability of the newly released cowpea genotypes and secondly the influence of different storage materials under ambient storage condition on seed vigour and germination over time. The experiment was laid in a Split-split plot design with four replicates. The main plot was duration (0, 30, 60 and 90 days), while Storage material (polyethylene bag, cotton bag and glass container) was sub plot and the four cowpea genotypes were sub-sub plot. Results from the study showed that irrespective of the cowpea genotypes and storage material used, percentage vigour and germination were significantly affected with time in storage. Seeds stored in cotton bags had the least percentage vigour (57%) and germination (65%) while the highest was recorded for seeds stored in airtight glass containers. Among all the cowpea genotypes studied, Hewale was found to have poor storage abilities. For better storage of cowpea seeds for a period exceeding 3 months, it is preferable to use glass containers or black polyethylene bags even under ambient condition to maintain seed vigour and germinability.
![Research paper thumbnail of Fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]as influenced by harvesting stage and drying method](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83963322/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, 2016
The influence of harvesting stages and drying methods on fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmosc... more The influence of harvesting stages and drying methods on fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] cultivar Asontem was studied to determine the optimum stage of harvest and suitable drying method. The fruit length and diameter progressively increased and reached its peak at 30 days after anthesis by recording 9.50 and 2.83cm respectively and subsequently decreased slightly. The higher seed moisture content (46.5%) was obtained at the early harvesting stage (10 day after anthesis (DAA) and decreased to as low as 22.1% at 50 DAA. Seed maturation and quality parameters were highly significant (p=0.05) at different harvesting stages. Maximum seed dry weight (4.1 g) occurred at 40 DAA regardless of the drying method. Maximum standard germination (77.0%) occurred at 50 DAA when seed moisture content was lowest (22.1%). The optimum stage for harvesting fruit of okra cultivar Asontem for high seed germinability was found to be 340 days after anthesis, followed by...
Journal of Root Crops, 2017
Sprout development, which is the break of dormancy period in yams, affects its quality and dry ma... more Sprout development, which is the break of dormancy period in yams, affects its quality and dry matter quantity as well as its market value. This study assessed the effect of various sprout control methods on puna yam variety at different harvesting stages during storage in both traditional and improved barns. The traditional structure was constructed by local farmers and improved structure by scientists from the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi using locally available materials. A total of 160 puna yam tubers were sampled and randomly stocked into both yam structures. Weight, sprouting (number, length and weight of sprouts) and externally visible rot data were taking at stocking and at 30 days’ interval for 120 days’ storage period. Sprout control treatments/methods considered were; control, hand snap, full cut and half cut. Environmental conditions in both structures were conducive for yam storage. However, the traditional storage structure maintained relatively higher moisture resulting in the higher mean monthly relative humidity experienced. Full cut control method had the highest percentage weight loss (51%) and half-cut method, the highest sprouting rate and percentage visible rot at 9.2 cm/d and 36% respectively. In terms of yam sprout control, hand snap was best at reducing weight loss, tuber rot and sprout rate. Also, unmilked condition recorded highest percentage weight loss and rot. Therefore, milked condition of puna yam is a better option for minimized weight loss and rot. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in percentage weight loss and rot for sprout control methods and harvesting stages. However, there was
significant difference (p<0.05) in number of sprout and rate of sprout for sprout control method and harvesting stage. Weight loss had a negative relationship with number of sprout, rate of sprout, sprout length and weight whereas percentage visible rot had a good positive correlation with weight loss. It is however recommended that similar study be conducted on other yam varieties under varying storage conditions and ecologies. Again, the effect of yam positioning at storage on sprout control could also be looked at.
Journal of Root Crops, 2017
Sprout development, which is the break of dormancy period in yams, affects its quality and dry ma... more Sprout development, which is the break of dormancy period in yams, affects its quality and dry matter quantity as well as its market value. This study assessed the effect of various sprout control methods on puna yam variety at different harvesting stages during storage in both traditional and improved barns. The traditional structure was constructed by local farmers and improved structure by scientists from the CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi using locally available materials. A total of 160 puna yam tubers were sampled and randomly stocked into both yam structures. Weight, sprouting (number, length and weight of sprouts) and externally visible rot data were taking at stocking and at 30 days' interval for 120 days' storage period. Sprout control treatments/methods considered were; control, hand snap, full cut and half cut. Environmental conditions in both structures were conducive for yam storage. However, the traditional storage structure maintained relatively higher moisture resulting in the higher mean monthly relative humidity experienced. Full cut control method had the highest percentage weight loss (51%) and half cut method, the highest sprouting rate and percentage visible rot at 9.2 cm/d and 36% respectively. In terms of yam sprout control, hand snap was best at reducing weight loss, tuber rot and sprout rate. Also, unmilked condition recorded highest percentage weight loss and rot. Therefore, milked condition of puna yam is a better option for minimized weight loss and rot. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in percentage weight loss and rot for sprout control methods and harvesting stages. However, there was significant difference (p<0.05) in number of sprout and rate of sprout for sprout control method and harvesting stage. Weight loss had a negative relationship with number of sprout, rate of sprout, sprout length and weight whereas percentage visible rot had a good positive correlation with weight loss. It is however recommended that similar study be conducted on other yam varieties under varying storage conditions and ecologies. Again, the effect of yam positioning at storage on sprout control could also be looked at.
A study was carried out to determine the effects of seed desiccants on seed quality of three very... more A study was carried out to determine the effects of seed desiccants on seed quality of three very important indigenous forest tree species. The experimental period was December, 2015 to February, 2016. Seeds were collected from the Bobiri Forest Reserve. This Forest Reserve is located in the southeast sub-type of moist semi-deciduous (MSSE) forest in Ghana, covering an area of about 5,445 ha. It is located on the main Accra-Kumasi Highway at the village of Kubease, about 30 kilometres (19 miles) from Kumasi. Seed desiccation experiment was set up in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three (3) replications. Germination percentage, seed vigour, 1000 seed weight, moisture content, seed health analysis, carbohydrate, protein and oil contents were determined before and after seed desiccation. The study revealed that the Zeolite beads® dried the seeds of Pericopsis elata within 2 days and 3 days for Sterculia rhinopetala but Guarea cedrata seeds were dried within 12 days. This rate of drying was much faster than the rest Original Research Article
vented organization responsible for Foundation seed production) Participated in the planning, d... more vented organization responsible for Foundation seed production) Participated in the planning, designing and implementation of the Board's (GLDB) programs, Data collection, analysis and technical report writing for the Board, Coordinated Foundation seed production with oversight responsibilities on Foundation seed processing and internal quality assurance.
![Research paper thumbnail of Fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] as influenced by harvesting stage and drying method](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/49060146/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The influence of harvesting stages and drying methods on fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmosc... more The influence of harvesting stages and drying methods on fruit and seed quality of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] cultivar Asontem was studied to determine the optimum stage of harvest and suitable drying method. The fruit length and diameter progressively increased and reached its peak at 30 days after anthesis by recording 9.50 and 2.83cm respectively and subsequently decreased slightly. The higher seed moisture content (46.5%) was obtained at the early harvesting stage (10 day after anthesis (DAA) and decreased to as low as 22.1% at 50 DAA. Seed maturation and quality parameters were highly significant (p=0.05) at different harvesting stages. Maximum seed dry weight (4.1 g) occurred at 40 DAA regardless of the drying method. Maximum standard germination (77.0%) occurred at 50 DAA when seed moisture content was lowest (22.1%). The optimum stage for harvesting fruit of okra cultivar Asontem for high seed germinability was found to be 40 days after anthesis, followed by shade drying fruits before seed extraction.
Plant Breeders' Rights Bill of Ghana: What You Are Not Told Plant Breeders' Rights is one of the ... more Plant Breeders' Rights Bill of Ghana: What You Are Not Told Plant Breeders' Rights is one of the links in the plant variety development chain and an important tool for governments to support agricultural development and food security. Unfortunately, the Plant Breeders' Right Bill (PBB) of Ghana is one of the bills that has suffered vicious attacks especially from civil society organizations (CSOs). In my personal view, this may be due to lack of adequate and accurate information on the PBB in the public domain. This article seeks to correct some erroneous impression created by some CSOs on the Bill as part of my awareness raising campaigns and public education on the PBB. First and foremost, a Plant Breeders' Right is an intellectual (private) property right of Plant Breeders like other private rights such as copyrights for Artistes (Musicians, Performers, Song writers etc.), patents for inventors, trademarks/trade names for Business and Enterprise to distinguish their products from that of others. It is natural and economically justifiable that people who invest time, energy, capital and intellect in developing a product, invention, creation, plant variety, which in various ways enhance livelihoods of mankind be given reasonable compensation for these efforts. It also serves as a motivation to improve on what has been created or developed to address future challenges of man. The plant breeders' right is not different. Plant breeders invest heavily in plant breeding activities to develop new plant varieties that possess characteristics needed to address numerous challenges of agriculture, particularly addressing the challenge of population growth and food demand in the face of climate change. The ultimate aim of the PBB of Ghana is to 'establish a legal framework to protect the rights of plant breeders of NEW varieties of plants or plant groupings and to promote the breeding of NEW varieties of plants aimed at improving the quantity, quality, cost of food, fuel, fibre and raw materials for industry'. These newly developed and improved plant/crop varieties have the potential of increasing farmers' productivity and incomes as well as increasing foreign earnings of the country through exports (ornamentals, fruits and vegetables). Thus, the passage of the PBB of Ghana is hugely supported by local plant breeders and national research institutions contrary to views expressed by some CSOs. In fact, with the drastic decline of publ ic investments in agricultural research, particularly planting breeding, an adoption of a PBB will serve as an incentive to encourage private sector participation in crop development for food security. To address some specific claims made by various CSOs, it is absolutely inaccurate that plant breeders could just take some seeds from Ghana or anywhere in the world, use traditional or genetic engineering to transfer it into a new variety and acquire a right to register it under PATENT law as his or hers and control its use. The truth is that Section 2 of the Patent Act, 2003 (Act 657) of Ghana states categorically matters that are excluded from patent protection. Section 2 excludes (e) plants and animals other than microorganisms and (g) plant varieties from patent protection.
Misconceptions about the Plant Breeders' Rights System The debate is still on as to whether the P... more Misconceptions about the Plant Breeders' Rights System The debate is still on as to whether the Plant Breeders' Rights Bill of Ghana as it stands now should be adopted and implemented. There has been various opinions and views shared on this issue. The reason for these very divergent opinions basically could stem from inadequate or lack of awareness and understanding of the spirit of the bill. This is my third paper on the Bill, after 'Why Ghana must adopt the Plant Breeders' Rights System and Plant Breeders Rights Bill of Ghana: What you are not told. This article in part seeks to clear some recent issues raised in the media concerning the Bill. Moreover, this article like the previous is part of my advocacy and awareness raising campaigns regarding how intellectual property rights system if well integrated into our national policies can contribute significantly to our economic advancement. For now, my focus has been on plant variety protection system, which is my area of interest.
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Papers by Hillary M Bortey
significant difference (p<0.05) in number of sprout and rate of sprout for sprout control method and harvesting stage. Weight loss had a negative relationship with number of sprout, rate of sprout, sprout length and weight whereas percentage visible rot had a good positive correlation with weight loss. It is however recommended that similar study be conducted on other yam varieties under varying storage conditions and ecologies. Again, the effect of yam positioning at storage on sprout control could also be looked at.
significant difference (p<0.05) in number of sprout and rate of sprout for sprout control method and harvesting stage. Weight loss had a negative relationship with number of sprout, rate of sprout, sprout length and weight whereas percentage visible rot had a good positive correlation with weight loss. It is however recommended that similar study be conducted on other yam varieties under varying storage conditions and ecologies. Again, the effect of yam positioning at storage on sprout control could also be looked at.