Janneke Adema
***All my research can be downloaded from www.openreflections.wordpress.com*** What is the influence of online information transmission on research practices within the Humanities? How is the monograph, an important form of scholarly communication in these fields, being produced and shaped? What is the possibility of the fusion or remix of media in the process of Humanities knowledge production? What are potential new roles and futures for the monograph as a form of scholarly communication on the web?
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Books by Janneke Adema
Symbiosis is an Edited Digital Book as Part of the ‘Living Books About Life’ Series, Open Humanities Press
Papers by Janneke Adema
OAPEN’s model is based on a hybrid approach to Open Access books, publishing both an Open Access edition and conventional editions that are offered for sale. The cost of the Open Access edition is calculated as the first copy costs of a book, based on all the costs that go into producing the digital file of the publication. Publishers charge a publication fee for the Open Access edition based on the first copy costs and recover all other costs through sales. In order to ensure the quality of publications, OAPEN-NL reviewed all peer review reports of the publications and required publishers to make available a description of their peer review process.
The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) is a discovery service for Open Access monographs and a metadata dissemination service. DOAB provides a searchable index to peer-reviewed monographs and edited volumes published under an Open Access business model, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. DOAB allows aggregators, libraries and other service providers to harvest metadata on Open Access monographs in order to integrate these in their catalogues and services.
About this report
This final evaluation and recommendation report is based on the user experiences, needs, and expectations as they emerged from the qualitative components (survey, workshop and online discussion platform) that were used to conduct the DOAB User Needs Analysis. This final public report, intended for the wider academic and publishing community, aims to advise in the establishment of procedures, criteria and standards concerning the set-up and functioning of the DOAB platform and service and to devise guidelines and recommendations for admission
This research has looked at a variety of initiatives and specifically at their publishing models, business models and publishing processes. Within these divisions, special attention has been paid to the nature of the content, the level of Open Access provided, the peer review and copyright policies and, finally, the strategies of collaboration. The Open Access book publishing initiatives analyzed in this report have been classified according to their publishing models, they have thus been categorized into commercial publishers, presses established by societies or academies, presses established by libraries, library-university collaborations, university presses, presses established by academics and press-commercial publisher partnerships.
Although Open Access book publishing is still in the start-up phase, the steady increase in experiments reflects a need for new (sustainable) business models in the field of HSS monograph publishing and greater experimentation with digital monographs. The reasons given for choosing Open Access book publishing range from missionary motives (opening up the whole of scholarship to a broader, international public whilst at the same time battling the negative perceptions that still beleaguer Open Access publications) to economic motives (easier and cheaper to experiment with digital techniques, resources and cost-sharing in strategic partnerships, saving the monograph from a print-based model that is no longer sustainable). The characteristics particular to the monograph, and to monograph publishing and funding, create their own challenges, which these experiments hope to resolve.
A few clear patterns emerge when we look at the collection of initiatives described in this report. First of all, the business models used are very straightforward, but also quite eclectic. Almost all of the experiments depend (substantially) on some kind of funding (internal, external, collaborative, project-based, structural, etc.). Moreover, they all hope to profit monetarily from the so-called hybrid model, offering the online version of the monograph for free in Open Access and charging a fee for the printed version. The eclectic nature of the models is due to the different kinds of funding they receive, but also to the fact that the hybrid model may not earn sufficient revenues in the long term. This has led to a variety of experiments with services that are either free or paid for on top of the available online content.
When it comes to the publishing model used, new forms of on- and off-campus collaborations and partnerships have become quite common in Open Access book
7publishing. The rise of the so-called library-press collaboration, the establishment or revamping of a new institutional player, the scholarly communications or publishing office, and the rising and ongoing significance of academics and academic departments (including ICT) in Open Access initiatives is characteristic of this development. These kinds of university-based cross-collaborations are very influential when it comes to the business models used, serving as good examples of efficient task allocation and resource and infrastructure sharing. But, besides these innovative publishing models, more traditional publishing models will also continue to survive in Open Access book publishing.
In the area of the quality control and peer review of Open Access books most of the initiatives insist on rigorous (double-blind) peer reviews and quality standards, thus attempting to counter the perception that Open Access publications are inherently of a lower quality. Alternative forms of quality appraisal, based on more open and alternative forms of peer review and utilizing download and usage statistics and bibliometrics are also being tried out. Some of these initiatives are very transparent about peer review policies, while others don't even mention their policies.
The publishing process in Open Access book publishing has benefited significantly from the rise of POD and digital printing techniques. Moreover, both the digital and print workflows are often based on shared infrastructures, depending, of course, on the publishing model used. These workflows are frequently based on the use of open source production and management environments. The large variety of current copyright policies reflects the uncertainty, the lack of information, as well as the different opinions regarding what actually constitutes an Open Access publication, never mind what is actually permitted under an Open Access copyright policy. All in all, there is still a great deal of trepidation among (Open Access book) publishers regarding the use of most open copyright licenses that are based on allowing derivative works and commercial re-use.
The sustainability of these initiatives and experiments is not the major focus of this report, because of their experimental status, and the uncertainty regarding what actually determines a sustainable business model (and whether we should be focusing on the sustainability of individual models or on the sustainability of the publishing system as a whole). One could say that, not unlike in a print-based model, (some kind of) funding remains essential. The pluralistic strategy that characterizes Open Access book publishing in the HSS, which is based on subsidies and institutional and government funding, and revenues from print sales and additional services, is not that different from the current printed book model. Funding has always been part of HSS book publishing and will probably remain a necessary part of (most) Open Access business models. A complementary approach, which considers publishing as an integral part of the costs of the research process itself may thus be necessary to make Open Access book publishing in the HSS sustainable.
These are the main conclusions of this study based on the direct consultation of some 40 experts from relevant groups of stakeholders in academic publishing, a review of relevant literature, data gathered from two round table discussions and an online survey that reached approximately 250 scholars in the Humanities and Social Sciences.
Symbiosis is an Edited Digital Book as Part of the ‘Living Books About Life’ Series, Open Humanities Press
OAPEN’s model is based on a hybrid approach to Open Access books, publishing both an Open Access edition and conventional editions that are offered for sale. The cost of the Open Access edition is calculated as the first copy costs of a book, based on all the costs that go into producing the digital file of the publication. Publishers charge a publication fee for the Open Access edition based on the first copy costs and recover all other costs through sales. In order to ensure the quality of publications, OAPEN-NL reviewed all peer review reports of the publications and required publishers to make available a description of their peer review process.
The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) is a discovery service for Open Access monographs and a metadata dissemination service. DOAB provides a searchable index to peer-reviewed monographs and edited volumes published under an Open Access business model, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. DOAB allows aggregators, libraries and other service providers to harvest metadata on Open Access monographs in order to integrate these in their catalogues and services.
About this report
This final evaluation and recommendation report is based on the user experiences, needs, and expectations as they emerged from the qualitative components (survey, workshop and online discussion platform) that were used to conduct the DOAB User Needs Analysis. This final public report, intended for the wider academic and publishing community, aims to advise in the establishment of procedures, criteria and standards concerning the set-up and functioning of the DOAB platform and service and to devise guidelines and recommendations for admission
This research has looked at a variety of initiatives and specifically at their publishing models, business models and publishing processes. Within these divisions, special attention has been paid to the nature of the content, the level of Open Access provided, the peer review and copyright policies and, finally, the strategies of collaboration. The Open Access book publishing initiatives analyzed in this report have been classified according to their publishing models, they have thus been categorized into commercial publishers, presses established by societies or academies, presses established by libraries, library-university collaborations, university presses, presses established by academics and press-commercial publisher partnerships.
Although Open Access book publishing is still in the start-up phase, the steady increase in experiments reflects a need for new (sustainable) business models in the field of HSS monograph publishing and greater experimentation with digital monographs. The reasons given for choosing Open Access book publishing range from missionary motives (opening up the whole of scholarship to a broader, international public whilst at the same time battling the negative perceptions that still beleaguer Open Access publications) to economic motives (easier and cheaper to experiment with digital techniques, resources and cost-sharing in strategic partnerships, saving the monograph from a print-based model that is no longer sustainable). The characteristics particular to the monograph, and to monograph publishing and funding, create their own challenges, which these experiments hope to resolve.
A few clear patterns emerge when we look at the collection of initiatives described in this report. First of all, the business models used are very straightforward, but also quite eclectic. Almost all of the experiments depend (substantially) on some kind of funding (internal, external, collaborative, project-based, structural, etc.). Moreover, they all hope to profit monetarily from the so-called hybrid model, offering the online version of the monograph for free in Open Access and charging a fee for the printed version. The eclectic nature of the models is due to the different kinds of funding they receive, but also to the fact that the hybrid model may not earn sufficient revenues in the long term. This has led to a variety of experiments with services that are either free or paid for on top of the available online content.
When it comes to the publishing model used, new forms of on- and off-campus collaborations and partnerships have become quite common in Open Access book
7publishing. The rise of the so-called library-press collaboration, the establishment or revamping of a new institutional player, the scholarly communications or publishing office, and the rising and ongoing significance of academics and academic departments (including ICT) in Open Access initiatives is characteristic of this development. These kinds of university-based cross-collaborations are very influential when it comes to the business models used, serving as good examples of efficient task allocation and resource and infrastructure sharing. But, besides these innovative publishing models, more traditional publishing models will also continue to survive in Open Access book publishing.
In the area of the quality control and peer review of Open Access books most of the initiatives insist on rigorous (double-blind) peer reviews and quality standards, thus attempting to counter the perception that Open Access publications are inherently of a lower quality. Alternative forms of quality appraisal, based on more open and alternative forms of peer review and utilizing download and usage statistics and bibliometrics are also being tried out. Some of these initiatives are very transparent about peer review policies, while others don't even mention their policies.
The publishing process in Open Access book publishing has benefited significantly from the rise of POD and digital printing techniques. Moreover, both the digital and print workflows are often based on shared infrastructures, depending, of course, on the publishing model used. These workflows are frequently based on the use of open source production and management environments. The large variety of current copyright policies reflects the uncertainty, the lack of information, as well as the different opinions regarding what actually constitutes an Open Access publication, never mind what is actually permitted under an Open Access copyright policy. All in all, there is still a great deal of trepidation among (Open Access book) publishers regarding the use of most open copyright licenses that are based on allowing derivative works and commercial re-use.
The sustainability of these initiatives and experiments is not the major focus of this report, because of their experimental status, and the uncertainty regarding what actually determines a sustainable business model (and whether we should be focusing on the sustainability of individual models or on the sustainability of the publishing system as a whole). One could say that, not unlike in a print-based model, (some kind of) funding remains essential. The pluralistic strategy that characterizes Open Access book publishing in the HSS, which is based on subsidies and institutional and government funding, and revenues from print sales and additional services, is not that different from the current printed book model. Funding has always been part of HSS book publishing and will probably remain a necessary part of (most) Open Access business models. A complementary approach, which considers publishing as an integral part of the costs of the research process itself may thus be necessary to make Open Access book publishing in the HSS sustainable.
These are the main conclusions of this study based on the direct consultation of some 40 experts from relevant groups of stakeholders in academic publishing, a review of relevant literature, data gathered from two round table discussions and an online survey that reached approximately 250 scholars in the Humanities and Social Sciences.
Talk: http://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/talk-communia-20102.doc
http://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/recent-developments-in-academic-publishing.ppt
Talk: http://openreflections.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/recent-developments-in-academic-publishing-open-access-e-books-and-enhanced-publications.doc
This is all the more surprising given that when Elsevier bought the academic social network Mendeley in 2013 (it was suggested at the time that Elsevier was mainly interested in acquiring Mendeley’s user data), many academics deleted their profiles out of protest. Yet generating revenue from the exploitation of user data is exactly the business model underlying academic social networks such as Academia.edu.
This event will ask, why have researchers been so ready to campaign against for-profit academic publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley-Blackwell, and Taylor & Francis/Informa, but not against for-profit platforms such as Academia.edu ResearchGate and Google Scholar?
The speakers are: Pascal Aventurier (INRA, France), Kathleen Fitzpatrick (MLA/Coventry University, US), Gary Hall (Coventry University, UK), David Parry (Saint Joseph’s University, US). It is chaired by Janneke Adema (Coventry University, UK)
Last month we organised a symposium on the subject of academic social networking and publishing platforms titled “Why Are We Not Boycotting Academia.edu?”. Chaired by Janneke Adema (Coventry University, UK), the event featured Pascal Aventurier (INRA, France), Kathleen Fitzpatrick (MLA/Coventry University, US), Gary Hall (Coventry University, UK), and David Parry (Saint Joseph University, US) as speakers.
The videos from this symposium are now available online at:
https://archive.org/details/Boycottingacademiaedu
The editors are particularly keen for users to contribute to the section on alternative platforms, to raise awareness about the not-for-profit, institutionally supported and/or scholarly-led alternative initiatives for sharing and discussing research.
*** To view the book, click on the URL above. ***