Sturt Manning
Research interests:
1. Aegean Prehistory, Archaeological fieldwork (survey and excavation), Archaeological theory, Classical archaeology, Cypriot Prehistory, East Mediterranean Prehistory, e.g. landscapes, cultural connections, trade, art, chronology, and identities in Aegean, Cypriot and east Mediterranean prehistory
2. Archaeological science, Dendrochronology, Dendrochemistry, Dendroclimatology, Environmental and climate change science, Radiocarbon calibration and archaeological dating. Areas of current or recent work and research include: Armenia, China, East Mediterranean and Levant, Mexico, North America.
I list on this site:
(i) books published;
(ii) papers published since the start of 2009 (some with pdf downloads);
(iii) pdfs of some older papers which are in somewhat obscure, or less than obvious, places for the relevant readership, or where a pdf has been made available by the publisher;
(iv) a few original submission versions (or "author's cut" - i.e. longer versions) of what, after editing, later became a published or finished text, or unpublished texts;
(v) a list of publications before 2009 under the CV tab.
*NOTE* - If there is no pdf shown for download then in most cases there is no pdf available to me - either as very explicitly ruled out by the relevant publisher or because no pdf version is available.
1. Aegean Prehistory, Archaeological fieldwork (survey and excavation), Archaeological theory, Classical archaeology, Cypriot Prehistory, East Mediterranean Prehistory, e.g. landscapes, cultural connections, trade, art, chronology, and identities in Aegean, Cypriot and east Mediterranean prehistory
2. Archaeological science, Dendrochronology, Dendrochemistry, Dendroclimatology, Environmental and climate change science, Radiocarbon calibration and archaeological dating. Areas of current or recent work and research include: Armenia, China, East Mediterranean and Levant, Mexico, North America.
I list on this site:
(i) books published;
(ii) papers published since the start of 2009 (some with pdf downloads);
(iii) pdfs of some older papers which are in somewhat obscure, or less than obvious, places for the relevant readership, or where a pdf has been made available by the publisher;
(iv) a few original submission versions (or "author's cut" - i.e. longer versions) of what, after editing, later became a published or finished text, or unpublished texts;
(v) a list of publications before 2009 under the CV tab.
*NOTE* - If there is no pdf shown for download then in most cases there is no pdf available to me - either as very explicitly ruled out by the relevant publisher or because no pdf version is available.
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Books by Sturt Manning
archaeology of Cyprus and the wider Mediterranean.
https://experiment.com/projects/mapping-and-dating-one-of-the-most-important-early-human-settlements-in-eastern-north-america?
Then: with geophysical techniques, we will search for Paleo-Indian archaeological features around the famed Bull Brook site. Though recognized among the largest and oldest Paleo-Indian sites the U.S. (ca. 12,000 years old), the surrounding areas have not been fully investigated. We presently don't know how large Bull Brook really was. We will attempt to answer this question, and additionally seek to clarify the site's age, which is also a point of contention.
See Table of Contents of Part 2: A TEST OF TIME REVISITED in the file available for download.
The file also lists some known typos and updates to the book since it went to press (document originally dated 3 March 2014)"
Note: for known errata in this book, see:
http://dendro.cornell.edu/treeringskingserrata.php
For a review of this book, see:
http://dainst.academia.edu/FelixH%C3%B6flmayer/Papers/839189/Review_of_Manning_and_Bruce_2009_Tree-rings_Kings_and_Old_World_Archaeology_and_Environment
Papers by Sturt Manning
in the Aegean and East Mediterranean, from Greece to Cyprus (Manning 1999). Much effort has gone into refining the radiocarbon situation. Since 2020 the options are an ‘earlier’ date maybe 1611 BCE (when a major Northern Hemisphere volcanic eruption is attested in ice-core evidence) or broadly around 1600 BCE (if, for example, the Thera eruption is not represented in the available ice-core evidence investigated so far), and a later date perhaps about 1561 BCE (when another major Northern Hemisphere volcanic eruption is attested in ice-core evidence) (Manning 2022; 2024a; 2024b; Pearson et al. 2022; 2023). Either of these dates basically places LMIA contemporary with the Hyksos/SIP (i.e. the point of the AHC critique starting in the 1980s: Kemp and Merrillees 1980; Betancourt 1987; Manning 1988). Overall, the general scope of debate or ‘dispute’ is much narrowed to around 50 years, versus the gap of over a century in scholarship a couple of decades ago. A re-analysis now of radiocarbon dates recently published on an olive shrub from Therasia likely killed by the Thera eruption (Pearson et al. 2023), bringing to bear an appropriate integration of the temporal constraints on these dates from both the growth sequences of the olive branches in question and the contextual circumstance of their common death event (the eruption) (Manning 2024b), along with analysis of the data and temporal sequence in the period between final human occupation and abandonment at Akrotiri on Thera through to the Thera volcanic eruption (Manning 2022; 2024a), suggest to the author that we can in fact more likely resolve the date of the Thera eruption around the earlier date of 1611 BCE (or more broadly around 1600 BCE).
In a paper published in JGA 8, Tiziano Fantuzzi, to the contrary, tries largely to argue against the AHC and in favour of a more traditional position – although in an almost inevitable contradiction Fantuzzi ends up favouring a date around 1561 BCE and thus effectively a position that is, in fact, compatible with the original AHC critique and so against the traditional chronology. The present
paper critically addresses the evidence and the Fantuzzi paper and lays out why the archaeological linkages do not contradict the AHC (and in fact likely support it) and shows how the radiocarbon evidence, appropriately analysed and integrated with the relevant known (prior) botanical-geological- archaeological sequence, defines a date for the Minoan eruption of Thera most likely ca.1611 BCE or broadly around 1600 BCE (with a date around 1561 BCE an unlikely but about the latest even possible alternative). Indeed, if the eruption was ca. 1561 BCE (or for that matter a later date as suggested by some, like 1525 BCE), we can observe that different radiocarbon measurements would be expected for the Therasia olive shrub samples – thus these suggested later Thera eruption
dates are not supported by the currently available evidence. Hence, the New Palace Period of Crete likely begins (Middle Minoan, MM, IIIA) in the later 18th century BCE, MMIIIB and LMIA occupy the period through the end of the 17th century BCE (likely, and possibly into the earlier 16th century BCE), and (the long) LMIB period follows, ending in the earlier to mid-15th century BCE (and these dates in turn translate for linked contemporaries in mainland Greece, the Cyclades, Cyprus, etc.). The formation and floruit of New Palace Crete are thus associated with both the dynamic and transformative Hyksos/SIP era in the East Mediterranean (e.g. Mourad 2021) and the formative era leading to the creation of the Old Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia (e.g. Bryce 2005: 61-95; Weeden 2022: 537-550).
NOTE: this PDF (now the online available version from the journal) is a revised version correcting the misspelling of Fantuzzi in original.
details of synchronized climate and human-history-scale associations are lacking. The archaeological–historical record contains multiple instances of human societies successfully adapting to low-frequency climate change. It is likely that consecutive multi-year occurrences of rare, unexpected extreme climatic events may push a population beyond adaptation and centuries-old resilience practices. Here we examine the collapse of the Hittite Empire around 1200 BC. The Hittites were one of
the great powers in the ancient world across five centuries, with an empire centred in a semi-arid region in Anatolia with political and socioeconomic interconnections throughout the ancient Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, which for a long time proved resilient despite facing regular and intersecting sociopolitical, economic and environmental challenges. Examination of ring width and stable isotope records
obtained from contemporary juniper trees in central Anatolia provides a high resolution dryness record. This analysis identifies an unusually severe continuous dry period from around 1198 to 1196 (±3) BC, potentially indicating a tipping point, and signals the type of episode that can overwhelm contemporary risk-buffering practices.
archaeology of Cyprus and the wider Mediterranean.
https://experiment.com/projects/mapping-and-dating-one-of-the-most-important-early-human-settlements-in-eastern-north-america?
Then: with geophysical techniques, we will search for Paleo-Indian archaeological features around the famed Bull Brook site. Though recognized among the largest and oldest Paleo-Indian sites the U.S. (ca. 12,000 years old), the surrounding areas have not been fully investigated. We presently don't know how large Bull Brook really was. We will attempt to answer this question, and additionally seek to clarify the site's age, which is also a point of contention.
See Table of Contents of Part 2: A TEST OF TIME REVISITED in the file available for download.
The file also lists some known typos and updates to the book since it went to press (document originally dated 3 March 2014)"
Note: for known errata in this book, see:
http://dendro.cornell.edu/treeringskingserrata.php
For a review of this book, see:
http://dainst.academia.edu/FelixH%C3%B6flmayer/Papers/839189/Review_of_Manning_and_Bruce_2009_Tree-rings_Kings_and_Old_World_Archaeology_and_Environment
in the Aegean and East Mediterranean, from Greece to Cyprus (Manning 1999). Much effort has gone into refining the radiocarbon situation. Since 2020 the options are an ‘earlier’ date maybe 1611 BCE (when a major Northern Hemisphere volcanic eruption is attested in ice-core evidence) or broadly around 1600 BCE (if, for example, the Thera eruption is not represented in the available ice-core evidence investigated so far), and a later date perhaps about 1561 BCE (when another major Northern Hemisphere volcanic eruption is attested in ice-core evidence) (Manning 2022; 2024a; 2024b; Pearson et al. 2022; 2023). Either of these dates basically places LMIA contemporary with the Hyksos/SIP (i.e. the point of the AHC critique starting in the 1980s: Kemp and Merrillees 1980; Betancourt 1987; Manning 1988). Overall, the general scope of debate or ‘dispute’ is much narrowed to around 50 years, versus the gap of over a century in scholarship a couple of decades ago. A re-analysis now of radiocarbon dates recently published on an olive shrub from Therasia likely killed by the Thera eruption (Pearson et al. 2023), bringing to bear an appropriate integration of the temporal constraints on these dates from both the growth sequences of the olive branches in question and the contextual circumstance of their common death event (the eruption) (Manning 2024b), along with analysis of the data and temporal sequence in the period between final human occupation and abandonment at Akrotiri on Thera through to the Thera volcanic eruption (Manning 2022; 2024a), suggest to the author that we can in fact more likely resolve the date of the Thera eruption around the earlier date of 1611 BCE (or more broadly around 1600 BCE).
In a paper published in JGA 8, Tiziano Fantuzzi, to the contrary, tries largely to argue against the AHC and in favour of a more traditional position – although in an almost inevitable contradiction Fantuzzi ends up favouring a date around 1561 BCE and thus effectively a position that is, in fact, compatible with the original AHC critique and so against the traditional chronology. The present
paper critically addresses the evidence and the Fantuzzi paper and lays out why the archaeological linkages do not contradict the AHC (and in fact likely support it) and shows how the radiocarbon evidence, appropriately analysed and integrated with the relevant known (prior) botanical-geological- archaeological sequence, defines a date for the Minoan eruption of Thera most likely ca.1611 BCE or broadly around 1600 BCE (with a date around 1561 BCE an unlikely but about the latest even possible alternative). Indeed, if the eruption was ca. 1561 BCE (or for that matter a later date as suggested by some, like 1525 BCE), we can observe that different radiocarbon measurements would be expected for the Therasia olive shrub samples – thus these suggested later Thera eruption
dates are not supported by the currently available evidence. Hence, the New Palace Period of Crete likely begins (Middle Minoan, MM, IIIA) in the later 18th century BCE, MMIIIB and LMIA occupy the period through the end of the 17th century BCE (likely, and possibly into the earlier 16th century BCE), and (the long) LMIB period follows, ending in the earlier to mid-15th century BCE (and these dates in turn translate for linked contemporaries in mainland Greece, the Cyclades, Cyprus, etc.). The formation and floruit of New Palace Crete are thus associated with both the dynamic and transformative Hyksos/SIP era in the East Mediterranean (e.g. Mourad 2021) and the formative era leading to the creation of the Old Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia (e.g. Bryce 2005: 61-95; Weeden 2022: 537-550).
NOTE: this PDF (now the online available version from the journal) is a revised version correcting the misspelling of Fantuzzi in original.
details of synchronized climate and human-history-scale associations are lacking. The archaeological–historical record contains multiple instances of human societies successfully adapting to low-frequency climate change. It is likely that consecutive multi-year occurrences of rare, unexpected extreme climatic events may push a population beyond adaptation and centuries-old resilience practices. Here we examine the collapse of the Hittite Empire around 1200 BC. The Hittites were one of
the great powers in the ancient world across five centuries, with an empire centred in a semi-arid region in Anatolia with political and socioeconomic interconnections throughout the ancient Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, which for a long time proved resilient despite facing regular and intersecting sociopolitical, economic and environmental challenges. Examination of ring width and stable isotope records
obtained from contemporary juniper trees in central Anatolia provides a high resolution dryness record. This analysis identifies an unusually severe continuous dry period from around 1198 to 1196 (±3) BC, potentially indicating a tipping point, and signals the type of episode that can overwhelm contemporary risk-buffering practices.