My previous experience with R.F. Kuang began with reading Yellowface, which I was totally absorbed by while reading though had some critiques of afterwards (still absolutely recommend it though), and continued on to The Poppy War, the first volume of her fantasy trilogy. I was initially really engaged by The Poppy War but ended up deciding not to go on with the trilogy because the bleakness and darkness were just too much. Bad things need to happen to characters, but I like there to be a shred of hope, even a small one, and for me there was none in that book, though I did think it was well-written.
For a writer who is one year older than my eldest child (ie, not yet 30), Rebecca Kuang is a fantastically productive and prolific writer. The Poppy War, her first novel, was published when she was just 24. Between that and Yellowface (her first non-fantasy novel), lie not just the two sequels to The Poppy War, but also Babel, a standalone alternate history/fantasy novel set in 1830s Oxford. My mixed feelings about Kuang’s books plus my love of anything set in Oxford eventually led me to give Babel a try, and the book quickly drew me in.
As an alternate history, it’s not all that alternate — many aspects of Oxford, England, and the British Empire in this novel are factually the same as they are in real history. The main difference is a single magical element — the Industrial Revolution and Britain’s geopolitical dominance have all been fuelled by magical silver, which can be activated to make things work better, go faster, shoot farther etc etc, by incantations formed by word-pairs in different languages. This means that Britain’s most important import by far is silver (and they are willing to ravage the world and destroy other countries to get it, just as historically they were willing to ravage the world and destroy other countries to get … well, anything they wanted). But its most important institution is Babel, the name given to the Tower-of-Babel-like school of translation at Oxford, where brilliant linguistic scholars from around the world learn the magic of working silver through the power of words.
The story’s main character, Robin, is a half-Chinese, half-English child brought to England from his home in Canton and raised to become one of these scholars. When Robin finally goes to Oxford, he forms a close friendship with three other young scholars: Ramy, Victoire, and Letty (in this version of history, some women are allowed to attend Oxford in the 1830s, but only at Babel, and even then, they dress in trousers and try to pass as men when they’re out and about). Babel is also the only place in Oxford where non-white, non-English students are welcomed — besides Robin, there is Ramy, who is from India, and Victoire from Haiti, as well as several minor characters.
Much of the book is a reflection about being a person living on the uneasy margins of empire, enjoying its privileges while knowing that you and people like you are never going to be fully accepted. I found those reflections, and the general theme of struggling with the evils of imperialism and capitalism while also being complicit in them, fascinating. I’ve heard people describe this book as preachy, and I initially assumed that was just because people didn’t like the fact that it’s about people from colonies criticizing (and eventually trying to bring down) the British Empire. But on reflection, I think the problem is not Kuang’s (and her characters’) absolutely justified critiques, but the fact that they are sometimes expressed in a very unsubtle way, where a bit of nuance would have made the point more effectively. However, this is something I put down mainly to a very young author, eager to get all her talking points out there on the page through her characters’ dialogue.
Fortunately reading two previous Kuang books had prepared me not to hang on in hopes of a happy or even particularly hopeful ending (though there is one note of faint positivity at the end of this one). Indeed, any attempt to bring down the British Empire in the 19th century, whether magically or otherwise, is almost definitionally doomed to fail, so as soon as rebellion begins we know it’s not going to end well. But I did really enjoy the ride. This isn’t a flawless novel, but it did keep me engaged throughout.