This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged ... more This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged or proven criminal backgrounds into Indian electoral and representative politics, as “tainted” candidates and elected national legislators. It confirms the previously perceived trend of an increase in the number and share of tainted national-level politicians active in the country from 2004 onward. A state-level analysis of information about candidates, legislators, as well as the regional social and political contexts shows that larger shares of tainted national MPs elected from particular federal states are in part a function of larger shares of tainted candidates running in the respective states’ electoral districts, and of the average level of competitiveness of the electoral contests in those states. These are themselves strongly correlated with the shares of state-level legislators (MLAs) with criminal backgrounds. Non-national political parties and smaller national parties are mor...
In this article, we present an inventory of the published articles in two German political scienc... more In this article, we present an inventory of the published articles in two German political science journals: the Politische Vierteljahresschrift (PVS) and the Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ZPol, formerly Jahrbuch für Politik) from 1960 to 2003 and from 1994 to 2003, respectively. Our focus is on the methodological orientations of the articles and the coverage of thematic subfields of political science. The resulting analysis shows that until the 1990s, German political science (as presented in these journals) was mainly non-comparative, non-quantitative, theoretical and inward-oriented. For one of the two journals, this long-term trend has significantly changed since the 1990s.
The general elections for the lower house of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, in 197738. Tim... more The general elections for the lower house of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, in 197738. Time Magazine 1977 . ‘A Powerful Vote for Freedom’ , Time Magazine , 109 (14) , 4 April . Available at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947857,00.html . View all references marked a double transition for the country's political development. After a 21-month period of emergency government, imposed in June 1975, the elections signalled a return to the democratic rules of the political game and at the same time they effected a significant change of government at the national level for the first time in post-independence India. The 1977 general elections seemed, according to most scholarly and journalistic assessments, to have been a resounding ‘vote for freedom’ and to have ushered in an era of democratic revival. Until today a more systematic evaluation of the power of the various competing explanations advanced for the 1977 results seems to be wanting. Based on the analysis of available data, this article finds that the 1977 vote on the whole was less a ‘vote for freedom’ or democracy and against the oppressive Emergency regime, but rather the result of successful collaboration of a number of former opposition parties and the consequent reduction in the fragmentation of the anti-Congress vote.
This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged ... more This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged or proven criminal backgrounds into Indian electoral and representative politics, as "tainted" candidates and elected national legislators. It confirms the previously perceived trend of an increase in the number and share of tainted national-level politicians active in the country from 2004 onward. A state-level analysis of information about candidates, legislators, as well as the regional social and political contexts shows that larger shares of tainted national MPs elected from particular federal states are in part a function of larger shares of tainted candidates running in the respective states' electoral districts, and of the average level of competitiveness of the electoral contests in those states. These are themselves strongly correlated with the shares of state-level legislators (MLAs) with criminal backgrounds. Non-national political parties and smaller national parties are more likely to count tainted legislators among their MPs, although both the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party have over the years consistently produced large numbers of tainted national legislators themselves.
legislation stands in the way of party splits and mergers on (justified) ideological grounds as i... more legislation stands in the way of party splits and mergers on (justified) ideological grounds as it may rule out a necessary reshuffling of party political convictions and policy orientations due to changing conditions and opportunities in political life during a legislative period.
Konflikte um unterschiedliche Interessen oder Werte und der daraus resultierende politische Wettb... more Konflikte um unterschiedliche Interessen oder Werte und der daraus resultierende politische Wettbewerb sowie die gelegentlich ebenfalls darin begrundete politische Gewalt, sind weltweit anzutreffende Phanomene. In postkolonialen Kontexten, wie etwa in den Staaten der Region Sudasien (Indien, Pakistan, Bangladesch, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Malediven) treten zu den aus westlichen Landern bekannten Arten von Konflikten in neuerer Zeit insbesondere solche um ethnische oder kulturelle Identitat sowie Konflikte um die Legitimitat staatlicher Herrschaft hinzu. In Indien stellt die Gleichzeitigkeit von Demokratie und teilweise gewaltsamem Konfliktaustrag ein zusatzliches Paradoxon dar. So hat die Demokratisierung der indischen Gesellschaft gleichzeitig Ressentiments, Protest und zum Teil einen gewaltsamen Konfliktaustrag seitens marginalisierter Gruppen, die sich auf diese Art Gehor verschaffen, mit sich gebracht. Die Wahrnehmung der Kluft zwischen demokratischer Rhetorik und der materiellen Realitat hat diese Tendenzen noch verstarkt. Anders als bei europaischen Konflikten vergangener Jahrhunderte finden sich jedoch die Protagonisten solcher Konflikte – gleich, ob sie sich gegen andere nicht-staatliche Akteure wenden, oder aber die Autoritat des Staates selbst in Frage stellen – in heutiger Zeit Staatswesen gegenuber, deren Anspruch auf territoriale Integritat lange als unumstoslicher Grundsatz des Volkerrechts etabliert galt. Diese Staaten konnen teilweise erhebliche Ressourcen mobilisieren und sind bereit, diesen Anspruch nach ausen wie nach innen aufrecht zu erhalten. Im Gegensatz zu zahlreichen Befreiungsbewegungen der ausgehenden Kolonialzeit konzentrieren sich heutzutage in Sudasien wie in anderen Regionen der Welt solche Konflikte allerdings nicht mehr allein auf den Widerstand gegen eine, wie auch immer geartete, Fremdherrschaft. Die neueren Konflikte haben zunehmend die Vorherrschaft einer bestimmten ethnischen Gruppe oder Kultur innerhalb eines Staates, die Anfechtung der Legitimitat staatlicher Herrschaft sowie den Wunsch nach deren rechtlicher oder territorialer Neugestaltung, entweder innerhalb des bestehenden Systems oder durch Sezession, zum Gegenstand.
This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged ... more This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged or proven criminal backgrounds into Indian electoral and representative politics, as “tainted” candidates and elected national legislators. It confirms the previously perceived trend of an increase in the number and share of tainted national-level politicians active in the country from 2004 onward. A state-level analysis of information about candidates, legislators, as well as the regional social and political contexts shows that larger shares of tainted national MPs elected from particular federal states are in part a function of larger shares of tainted candidates running in the respective states’ electoral districts, and of the average level of competitiveness of the electoral contests in those states. These are themselves strongly correlated with the shares of state-level legislators (MLAs) with criminal backgrounds. Non-national political parties and smaller national parties are mor...
In this article, we present an inventory of the published articles in two German political scienc... more In this article, we present an inventory of the published articles in two German political science journals: the Politische Vierteljahresschrift (PVS) and the Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft (ZPol, formerly Jahrbuch für Politik) from 1960 to 2003 and from 1994 to 2003, respectively. Our focus is on the methodological orientations of the articles and the coverage of thematic subfields of political science. The resulting analysis shows that until the 1990s, German political science (as presented in these journals) was mainly non-comparative, non-quantitative, theoretical and inward-oriented. For one of the two journals, this long-term trend has significantly changed since the 1990s.
The general elections for the lower house of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, in 197738. Tim... more The general elections for the lower house of the Indian parliament, the Lok Sabha, in 197738. Time Magazine 1977 . ‘A Powerful Vote for Freedom’ , Time Magazine , 109 (14) , 4 April . Available at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947857,00.html . View all references marked a double transition for the country's political development. After a 21-month period of emergency government, imposed in June 1975, the elections signalled a return to the democratic rules of the political game and at the same time they effected a significant change of government at the national level for the first time in post-independence India. The 1977 general elections seemed, according to most scholarly and journalistic assessments, to have been a resounding ‘vote for freedom’ and to have ushered in an era of democratic revival. Until today a more systematic evaluation of the power of the various competing explanations advanced for the 1977 results seems to be wanting. Based on the analysis of available data, this article finds that the 1977 vote on the whole was less a ‘vote for freedom’ or democracy and against the oppressive Emergency regime, but rather the result of successful collaboration of a number of former opposition parties and the consequent reduction in the fragmentation of the anti-Congress vote.
This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged ... more This study examines the extent and the correlates of the increased entry of persons with alleged or proven criminal backgrounds into Indian electoral and representative politics, as "tainted" candidates and elected national legislators. It confirms the previously perceived trend of an increase in the number and share of tainted national-level politicians active in the country from 2004 onward. A state-level analysis of information about candidates, legislators, as well as the regional social and political contexts shows that larger shares of tainted national MPs elected from particular federal states are in part a function of larger shares of tainted candidates running in the respective states' electoral districts, and of the average level of competitiveness of the electoral contests in those states. These are themselves strongly correlated with the shares of state-level legislators (MLAs) with criminal backgrounds. Non-national political parties and smaller national parties are more likely to count tainted legislators among their MPs, although both the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party have over the years consistently produced large numbers of tainted national legislators themselves.
legislation stands in the way of party splits and mergers on (justified) ideological grounds as i... more legislation stands in the way of party splits and mergers on (justified) ideological grounds as it may rule out a necessary reshuffling of party political convictions and policy orientations due to changing conditions and opportunities in political life during a legislative period.
Konflikte um unterschiedliche Interessen oder Werte und der daraus resultierende politische Wettb... more Konflikte um unterschiedliche Interessen oder Werte und der daraus resultierende politische Wettbewerb sowie die gelegentlich ebenfalls darin begrundete politische Gewalt, sind weltweit anzutreffende Phanomene. In postkolonialen Kontexten, wie etwa in den Staaten der Region Sudasien (Indien, Pakistan, Bangladesch, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Malediven) treten zu den aus westlichen Landern bekannten Arten von Konflikten in neuerer Zeit insbesondere solche um ethnische oder kulturelle Identitat sowie Konflikte um die Legitimitat staatlicher Herrschaft hinzu. In Indien stellt die Gleichzeitigkeit von Demokratie und teilweise gewaltsamem Konfliktaustrag ein zusatzliches Paradoxon dar. So hat die Demokratisierung der indischen Gesellschaft gleichzeitig Ressentiments, Protest und zum Teil einen gewaltsamen Konfliktaustrag seitens marginalisierter Gruppen, die sich auf diese Art Gehor verschaffen, mit sich gebracht. Die Wahrnehmung der Kluft zwischen demokratischer Rhetorik und der materiellen Realitat hat diese Tendenzen noch verstarkt. Anders als bei europaischen Konflikten vergangener Jahrhunderte finden sich jedoch die Protagonisten solcher Konflikte – gleich, ob sie sich gegen andere nicht-staatliche Akteure wenden, oder aber die Autoritat des Staates selbst in Frage stellen – in heutiger Zeit Staatswesen gegenuber, deren Anspruch auf territoriale Integritat lange als unumstoslicher Grundsatz des Volkerrechts etabliert galt. Diese Staaten konnen teilweise erhebliche Ressourcen mobilisieren und sind bereit, diesen Anspruch nach ausen wie nach innen aufrecht zu erhalten. Im Gegensatz zu zahlreichen Befreiungsbewegungen der ausgehenden Kolonialzeit konzentrieren sich heutzutage in Sudasien wie in anderen Regionen der Welt solche Konflikte allerdings nicht mehr allein auf den Widerstand gegen eine, wie auch immer geartete, Fremdherrschaft. Die neueren Konflikte haben zunehmend die Vorherrschaft einer bestimmten ethnischen Gruppe oder Kultur innerhalb eines Staates, die Anfechtung der Legitimitat staatlicher Herrschaft sowie den Wunsch nach deren rechtlicher oder territorialer Neugestaltung, entweder innerhalb des bestehenden Systems oder durch Sezession, zum Gegenstand.
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