{"id":68384,"date":"2022-04-05T08:00:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-05T06:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drafts.code-maze.com\/?p=67196"},"modified":"2022-04-05T10:37:07","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T08:37:07","slug":"timer-csharp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/code-maze.com\/timer-csharp\/","title":{"rendered":"Timer in C#"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this article, we are going to learn how to use Timer in C#. We can set a timer to generate events following a previously set interval. In addition, the Timer class does this without blocking our program’s main execution thread.<\/p>\n

To download the source code for this article, you can visit our GitHub repository<\/a>.<\/div>\n

Let’s start.<\/p>\n

How Does Timer Work in C#?<\/h2>\n

Let’s see an example of how to use a Timer in C#:<\/p>\n

public class Program\r\n{\r\n    public static void Main(string[] args)\r\n    {\r\n        var timer = new Timer(2000);\r\n        timer.Elapsed += OnEventExecution;\r\n        timer.Start();\r\n\r\n        Console.ReadLine();\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    public static void OnEventExecution(Object? sender, ElapsedEventArgs eventArgs)\r\n    {\r\n        Console.WriteLine($\"Elapsed event at {eventArgs.SignalTime:G}\");\r\n    }\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Here, we create an instance of the Timer<\/code> class. We use the constructor to set up a 2000 milliseconds (2 seconds) interval. After that, we use the OnEventExecution<\/code> static method as our event handler and we assign it to the timer’s Elapsed<\/code> event. Finally, we call the Start()<\/code> method so the events start to fire at the defined interval. Another way to start the timer would be to set the Enabled<\/code> property to true<\/code>.<\/p>\n
On execution, we should see the program printing a new line to the console every 2 seconds:<\/p>\n
Elapsed\u00a0event\u00a0at\u00a03\/19\/2022\u00a012:20:11\u00a0PM\r\nElapsed event at 3\/19\/2022 12:20:13 PM\r\nElapsed event at 3\/19\/2022 12:20:15 PM<\/pre>\n
In other words, our timer raises the elapsed event repeatedly using the interval we set up initially.<\/p>\n
If needed, we can stop a timer by calling its Stop()<\/code> method or by setting its Enabled<\/code> property to false<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Generating Recurring Events with Timer in C#<\/h2>\n
Any newly created timer will repeatedly raise events once started. That’s because the timer’s AutoReset<\/code> property is set to true by default.<\/p>\n
However, in a scenario where we only need our timer to raise the Elapsed<\/code> event once we should set the AutoReset<\/code> property to false<\/code>:<\/p>\n
var timer = new Timer(2000);\r\ntimer.Elapsed += OnEventExecution;\r\ntimer.AutoReset = false;  \/\/ Disable recurrent events.\r\ntimer.Start();<\/pre>\n
This time the output consists of one line only because the event was triggered once.<\/p>\n
Implementing Handlers<\/h2>\n
So far, we’ve been using explicitly defined methods as event handlers for our timer. However, we have more options to implement our handlers.<\/p>\n
Whenever we deal with really simple handlers, we can use lambda syntax to shorten the implementation:<\/p>\n
var timer = new Timer(2000);\r\n\r\ntimer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) =>\r\n{\r\n    Console.WriteLine($\"Elapsed event at {eventArgs.SignalTime:G}\");\r\n};\r\n\r\ntimer.Start();<\/pre>\n
We can implement asynchronous event handlers as well:<\/p>\n
var sw = new StringWriter();\r\nvar timer = new Timer(2000);\r\n\r\ntimer.Elapsed += async (sender, eventArgs) =>\r\n{\r\n    await sw.WriteLineAsync($\"Elapsed event at {eventArgs.SignalTime:G}\");\r\n};\r\n\r\ntimer.Start();<\/pre>\n
Exception Handling<\/h2>\n
Whenever a timer event handler throws an exception, the timer component catches it and suppresses it. For instance, the following code won’t write any exception messages to the console:<\/p>\n
var timer = new Timer(2000);\r\n\r\ntimer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) =>\r\n{\r\n    Console.WriteLine($\"Elapsed event at {eventArgs.SignalTime:G}\");\r\n    throw new Exception();\r\n};\r\n\r\ntimer.Start();<\/pre>\n
Note that we must never rely on this behavior since it is bound to change in future versions of the .NET Framework.<\/p>\n
On the other hand, exceptions raised within asynchronous handlers will not be suppressed by the timer component:<\/p>\n
var timer = new Timer(2000);\r\n\r\ntimer.Elapsed += async (sender, eventArgs) =>\r\n{\r\n    await Task.Run(() => Console.WriteLine($\"Elapsed event at {eventArgs.SignalTime:G}\"));\r\n    throw new Exception();\r\n};\r\n\r\ntimer.Start();<\/pre>\n
This time the program will show the error message and exit.<\/p>\n
Disposing Timers<\/h2>\n
The Timer component implements the IDisposable<\/code> interface. In most cases, timer instances in our applications will be disposed of automatically when they go out of scope. However, in certain cases, we have to do it manually:<\/p>\n
using (var timer = new Timer(2000))\r\n{\r\n    timer.Elapsed += (sender, eventArgs) =>\r\n    {\r\n        Console.WriteLine($\"Elapsed event at {eventArgs.SignalTime:G}\");\r\n    };\r\n\r\n    timer.Start();\r\n    Console.ReadLine();  \/\/ Avoids ending the timer's scope too soon\r\n}<\/pre>\n
We leverage the using<\/code> statement to dispose of our timer once we are done with it.<\/p>\n
Timer and Windows Forms<\/h2>\n
Usually, Timer<\/code> calls the Elapsed<\/code> event handler in the system-thread pool. This may not work when the source of the event is a visual Windows Forms component like a Form, a TextBox, or a Button.<\/p>\n
To avoid this pitfall, we must set the SynchronizingObject<\/code> property to reference the component that handles the event. This way, our Timer<\/code> will call the event handler in the same thread where the component is located.<\/p>\n
Alternatives to Timer in C#<\/h2>\n
System.Timers<\/code> and the Timer<\/code> class have been a part of the framework since version 1.1 so it is available in whichever target framework we work with. However, the framework includes other Timer<\/code> classes, each one with a different purpose and behavior.<\/p>\n
System.Threading.Timer<\/strong>\u00a0executes a given method a single time after a set interval. The callback method needs to be provided in the constructor and can’t be changed.<\/p>\n
System.Windows.Forms.Timer <\/strong>is\u00a0a Windows Forms component suited for single-thread environments.<\/p>\n
System.Web.UI.Timer <\/strong>is part of ASP.NET and performs page postbacks at regular intervals. Only available in .NET Framework.<\/p>\n
Timer vs Stopwatch<\/h3>\n
Timer<\/code> executes events in a separate thread at a specific user-defined interval. On the other hand, Stopwatch<\/code> runs in our program’s main thread and measures the elapsed time. Stopwatch<\/code> returns a TimeSpan<\/code> struct containing the elapsed time:<\/p>\n
var stopwatch = new Stopwatch();\r\nstopwatch.Start();\r\n\r\nThread.Sleep(100);\r\n\r\nstopwatch.Stop();\r\n\r\nConsole.WriteLine($\"Total milliseconds: {stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds:F4}\"); \/\/ Total milliseconds: 108.8356\r\nConsole.WriteLine($\"Total seconds: {stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds:F4}\"); \/\/ Total seconds: 0.1088\r\nConsole.WriteLine($\"Total minutes: {stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMinutes:F4}\"); \/\/ Total minutes: 0.0018<\/pre>\n
Although both of these classes work with time, we can clearly see that the StopWatch<\/code> class has a completely different application.<\/p>\n
Third-party Alternatives<\/h3>\n
Let’s have a look at some free third-party libraries that can replace Timer<\/code>. In general, these options offer an array of advanced features in exchange for some added complexity.<\/p>\n
Quartz.NET<\/a> works embedded in a program or stand-alone. It offers many ways to schedule jobs beyond a simple time interval setup. It can work in clusters, enabling fail-over and load balancing setups.<\/p>\n
Hangfire<\/a> is a job scheduler that tracks jobs in persistent storage ensuring job execution. It schedules jobs based on intervals, like Timer<\/code>, but also offers many more options like job queues or batches.<\/p>\n
Conclusion<\/h2>\n
In this article, we’ve learned what Timer in C# is and how it works. We’ve practiced creating timer event handlers and how to dispose of our timer instances.<\/p>\n
We’ve also learned about the differences between Timer<\/code> and StopWatch<\/code> and, finally, we had a look at some popular third-party alternatives.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
In this article, we are going to learn how to use Timer in C#. We can set a timer to generate events following a previously set interval. In addition, the Timer class does this without blocking our program’s main execution thread. Let’s start. How Does Timer Work in C#? Let’s see an example of how […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":62189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[10,1196,1197],"class_list":["post-68384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-csharp","tag-net","tag-timer","tag-timer-vs-stopwatch","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nTimer in C# - Code Maze<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"We can set a timer in C# to generate an event after a previously set interval and we can generate recurring events and much more...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/code-maze.com\/timer-csharp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Timer in C# - 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